Which cable is better to connect the surge protector? A surge protector is a device for what it is needed. Do surge protectors protect and are they needed if there is no grounding. Why is all this needed?

With the development of technology, the number of useful devices is growing, without which it is already difficult to imagine our life. Today, all household appliances and gadgets need to be connected to an electrical outlet for constant operation or recharging, so the need for a large number of sockets is constantly growing. Surge filters are equipped with short circuit protection, individual or general switches. In addition, advanced and expensive models filter high-frequency interference, which is formed due to a large number of devices connected to the electrical network and poor, old wiring.

How it works?

The surge protector, depending on the cost, performs the following functions:
1. Short circuit protection;
2. Filtering high-frequency interference;
3. Protection against short-term voltage pulses.

Short circuit is a condition of an electrical circuit when phase and neutral are connected directly without load. Those. if a wire breaks somewhere, if something short-circuits in some device, then the surge protector should turn off and protect the remaining equipment.

Interference is a consequence of the operation of devices connected to the network. Almost all electronics now use switching power supplies - TVs, computers, etc. Switching power supplies inevitably interfere with the network. In addition to them, devices with inductive loads, such as a refrigerator, also cause interference.
High-frequency interference does not harm electronics, but it does affect its operation. For example, extraneous sounds may appear in audio equipment, or ripples and distortions may appear on the screen of an analog TV or monitor.

Voltage pulses arise due to the connection of any reactive load to the network, again a refrigerator, welding machines, etc. To prevent anything from accidentally burning out, varistors are installed in surge protectors that absorb these impulses. But they rarely protect against prolonged exposure to high voltage.

Types of network filters

Extension- the simplest device consisting of a wire and sockets. It does not have filters or circuit breakers to prevent short circuits.
Network filter- the same as an extension cord, but with a high-pass filter, i.e. Eliminates high frequency interference. In addition to this with a switch and often with a thermal breaker.
Tee , splitter– a regular splitter for several sockets without a wire.
Wattmeter– a measuring device that determines the power consumption of electricity.
Energy meter– similar in principle to a wattmeter; in addition, it records power consumption in a similar way to a meter.

Number and type of sockets

Modern surge protectors have up to eight outlets. Consequently, you can connect up to eight network devices to one wall socket through a filter - this is a definite plus. But it is worth considering: connecting a large number of devices to the filter can lead to its automatic shutdown due to overload.

There are many different types of connectors; in surge protectors there are two types of sockets:
- Type C And type F. European type socket, two round pins. The difference between type F is that it has contact plates for grounding, which type C does not. Grounding the outlet allows you to avoid unpleasant and sometimes dangerous situations. Many have encountered the problem of electric shock when touching a washing machine or electric stove; this occurs due to a lack of grounding. In most apartments, grounding is done only at the stove.

Manufacturers produce filters with a plug IEC C14(computer). This type of connector is used for direct connection to an uninterruptible power supply. A surge protector connected directly through the UPS helps to more reliably protect equipment from power surges and power outages.

Basic parameters of network filters

When choosing a surge protector, you should pay attention to maximum power of the connected load And maximum load current. These parameters allow you to calculate the feasibility of purchasing various models. When calculating the maximum power, the current must be multiplied by the voltage (for example: 5 A multiplied by 220 V and we get 1100 W). Then we add up the power of the devices that are planned to be connected through the surge protector. If the total power of the equipment is higher than the maximum permissible power of the filter, then you should select a model that can withstand a higher load.
For example: when connecting a PC and peripherals to a surge protector, it will work flawlessly, since the power consumption of these devices is low. But if you plan to use a surge protector in the kitchen and connect an electric kettle, stove, and water heater at the same time, then if all appliances are operating simultaneously, the filter will turn off.

Levels of protection

According to the degree of protection, network filters can be divided into:
1. Basic level of protection (Essential). Such filters have the simplest (basic) protection. During voltage impulses, they take the blow and are characterized by low cost and simplicity in design. It is better to use them with inexpensive and low-power equipment. Serve as an alternative to conventional extension cords.
2. Advanced level of protection (Home/Office). Suitable for most appliances in the home and office, they are presented on the market with a wide range of products and loyal prices in relation to quality.
3. Professional level of protection (Performance). Eliminates almost all interference, recommended for purchase for expensive interference-sensitive equipment. Surge filters with a professional level of protection are more expensive than the previous ones, but their reliability fully pays for the costs.

Protection against short-term voltage surges/pulses– almost all filters are equipped with this function; the principle of its operation is to absorb short-term high-voltage pulses. It does not protect against prolonged high voltage. If your home has high or low voltage most of the time, then it is better to give preference to a stabilizer, since the surge protector will be useless.
Overheat shutdown- the overheat sensor is responsible for shutdown; when the temperature rises above the maximum permissible limit, the network filter is de-energized. When using the filter near heating appliances or at maximum power consumption, an overheat sensor will help avoid its breakdown or dangerous situations.
Interference suppression- in Russia, the power supply frequency is 50 Hz, but there are also additional high-frequency harmonics in the network. The filter eliminates high-frequency “dirt” and reduces it to a minimum, thereby leaving a pure 50 Hz sine wave without unnecessary harmonics.

Switch

Surge protectors are equipped with a switch so that you do not constantly pull the plug out of the socket; the switch saves time and is safe to use.
There are several types of switches:
Individual– installed for each surge protector socket, there is no need to remove a specific device from the filter, you can simply press a button.
Are common– installed on the top or side of the filter, de-energizes all devices connected to the surge protector.
Remote controls– models of surge protectors with a remote control are rare, their price is high, but you have to pay for convenience. Easy to use, suitable for people with disabilities.

Length of cable

A long cable provides mobility and increases the area where the connected device can be used. Long cables are convenient in rooms with a large area for construction tools, vacuum cleaners and other portable equipment. But in small rooms there is no need to take an extension cord “with a reserve”; it is enough to limit yourself to models with an average cable length, otherwise it will interfere and get tangled. The most common lengths of network filters are:

Technological progress has radically changed our lives. Literally a hundred years ago, not every home had electricity, but today we cannot imagine our home without several dozen sockets wherever possible. Household appliances, televisions, computer chargers and much more must not only be connected, but also protected from all kinds of “cataclysms.”

It is difficult to protect yourself from power outages, but from power surges, power surges, short circuits, etc. - Can. For this you will need network filters. Some people mistakenly consider them to be a regular extension cord “with a button.” In reality, everything is somewhat more complicated. This is a device that protects electronics connected through it from high-frequency, low-frequency, impulse noise, overcurrent, and also from short circuits. Quality devices use multiple lines of defense. These can be varistors, inductors, capacitors. A fuse can also be used, which acts as insurance in expensive models, and the only element of protection in cheap ones.

A surge protector is also useful if you simply do not have enough outlets, or they are located far from the electronics you are connecting to. In this case, you should pay attention to the length of the cord and the number of sockets. Surge protectors with USB ports may also be relevant, since there are a large number of electronics - smartphones, tablets, power banks, etc. - Charges via USB. Finally, in this rating we will look at several filters with interesting design features.

But first, let's remember the best manufacturers of surge protectors:

• APC (American Power Conversion). The American company, established in 1981, is best known for its uninterruptible power supplies. Now absorbed by the French Schneider Electric and produces mainly UPS, voltage stabilizers and surge protectors.
• Sven. The company was founded in 1991 in Russia. Currently the headquarters is located in Finland. The company produces not only surge protectors, but also acoustics, gaming peripherals, and accessories for mobile devices. The quality of the materials is low, they don’t spoil you with additional features, but the quality at a low cost is at a decent level.
• Pilot. The products of the ZIS company, established in 1992, are manufactured under this name. The company specializes in the production of extension cords, network filters, UPS and stabilizers. The name of the company has become a household name for some - many people call the surge protector “pilot”
• Xiaomi. It seems that the Chinese from Xiaomi are doing everything that we see around us. They also have several surge protectors of very good quality with their own unique features and excellent design.

You will find even more manufacturers and interesting network filters in our rating.

The best traditional surge protectors

We start with the most familiar surge protectors, which do not have any additional elements other than sockets and a power button. Of course, there is protection of varying degrees of complexity hidden inside, but the user, if everything is fine, will not have to come into contact with it. In the rating you will find both ultra-budget and high-quality expensive models.

4 SVEN Optima Base 5

The most affordable model
Country: Finland
Average price: 222 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.5

The rating opens with a very cheap surge protector from SVEN. Externally – a simple black (or gray) block of impact-resistant fireproof plastic. Next to the logo there is a power button and five sockets. The cord length can be 1.8, 3 or 5 meters. There are grooves on the back surface with which the surge protector can be mounted on any vertical surface.

Despite the cheapness, not only a simple thermal fuse is located inside, but also varistor protection against high-voltage discharges. The maximum permissible load is standard for this class of devices - 2200 W. The protection can absorb up to 4500 A of impulse noise.

3 ZIS Pilot-S

Longest cable
Country Russia
Average price: 795 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.6

Pilot- S looks little different from the previous participant - the rectangular block was only slightly diluted with curved lines. The plastic of the case can only be white. As expected, it is fire-resistant and can withstand blows well. The power button does not have a light indication, which does not allow you to assess the condition from afar. However, some users will appreciate the lack of annoying glow. There are 6 sockets, one of which does not have grounding contacts for connecting old-style plugs. There are five wire length options: 1.8, 3, 5, 7 or 10 meters.

The internals are in many ways similar toSVEN There is a varistor limiter, a thermal fuse that trips when the temperature inside the case rises, a fuse for short-circuit protection and bimetallic overload protection. Of the minuses, we note the lack of suppression of high-frequency interference.

2 SVEN SF-05PL

Separate outlet switches
A country:
Average price: 459 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.7

Second place will be given to another budget model SVEN. The body of the model is made in a rather interesting form factor with several rounded corners. The plastic is matte, but its texture on the top and side edges is different. The wire is 1.8 meters long, quite thick and durable.

A distinctive feature of the SF-05PL are individual switches on each of the five sockets. This is convenient if you periodically do not use a particular device - the switch makes it faster, more convenient and safer to turn off or turn on the power without touching the plug itself or loosening the contacts. The only drawback that users talk about in reviews is a large percentage of defective models and not very high quality. We advise you to carefully check the device before purchasing and, if possible, additionally solder the contacts inside it.

1 APC SurgeArrest PM8-RS

The best protection. 8 sockets
A country: USA (manufactured in China)
Average price: 2,610 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.8

A very high quality surge protector from APC takes the virtual gold medal. The body is made in the form of a trapezoid. The plastic is durable, practical, but at the same time quite cute. The button fits well into the overall design. Next to it there are three light indicators with inscriptions in Russian: the protection is working, power overload, there is grounding. The cable is only two meters long. But they didn’t skimp on the sockets - 4 were located on the top surface, 4 more on the side. The distance between them is quite large, which allows you to connect even large power supplies.

Insides deserve respect. Available: filtering of electromagnetic interference and radio frequency noise, automatic reusable fuse. Of course, there are varistors and fuses. All this allows you to protect connected electronics from voltage surges, interference and other troubles. The manufacturer is so confident in the reliability of the device that it is ready to repair or replace a broken SurgeArrest free of charge for 5 years. If, for example, your computer crashes after a power surge, the manufacturer undertakes to repair it free of charge.

The best surge protectors with USB connectors

Modern electronics are becoming less and less power hungry. A huge number of consumer electronics are charged via regular USB. Let me give you a personal example: I use a smartphone, wireless headphones, a power bank and a fitness bracelet. All devices came with a USB cable, but there was only one power supply. Should I charge one at a time or from the computer? Inconvenient. In such a situation, it is a surge protector with USB connectors that saves you. It takes up less space while allowing you to connect more devices. And there are no unnecessary elements - power supplies.

4 ERA USF-5es-USB-W

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 490 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.5

The rating opens with the most affordable surge protector with USB connectors. Appearance is practically no different from comrades from the previous category. It seems that the case was simply extended a little to accommodate a pair of USB ports. White color. The wire length is only 1.5 meters. The plug is equipped with a ring, which makes it very convenient to pull it out of the socket.

Basic level protection. The filter will save you from impulse noise, overload and short circuit. The USB ports produce 2.1 A/5V, which is quite enough to charge both smartphones and more energy-demanding tablets.

3 ORICO ODC-2A5U-WH

Compact model with phone holder
Country: China
Average price: RUB 2,196
Rating (2019): 4.6

The top three is opened by an unusual model from the well-known Orico. The bronze medalist immediately attracts attention - instead of the usual row of traditional sockets, the user expects only a pair that can withstand a total load of 2500 W, and 5 USB connectors for all kinds of equipment. The solution is practical, considering how many modern gadgets are charged via regular USB. Among other things, the shape of the surge protector allows it to be used as a docking station for your phone.

The filter dimensions are only 130x130x73 mm. The case is made in the usual Orico design of white glossy plastic - it looks great, but collects dust just as well. The workmanship is excellent - there is no doubt about reliability. The manufacturer claims protection against power surges, short circuits, overheating, overload and even overcharging. In general, an excellent model for people who have much more compact gadgets than traditional equipment.

2 ORICO OSJ-4A5U-WH

Excellent quality. Fast charging via USB
Country: China
Average price: 2,280 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.7

Orico is a manufacturer of very high-quality surge protectors, and therefore we have no qualms in recommending another model from the company. The design is typical for the company - minimalistic, but stylish, not boring. White color. Glossy and matte plastic are combined. The only complaint is the unreasonably large dimensions. The model carries only 4 classic sockets and 5 USB connectors, but the length is almost 367 mm.

The characteristics of the device do not cause any complaints: the filter is capable of “digesting” 4000 W of energy and a current of up to 16A. For each socket there is a separate beautiful switch. We have already discussed the advantages of such a solution above. In addition to the set of protections already familiar from the previous participant, it is worth noting support for fast charging. This function will probably be appreciated by all users of modern smartphones - you can throw your original charger in a distant drawer and use only the surge protector, which took second place in our rating.

1 Xiaomi Mi Power Strip

The best ratio of price and quality
Country: China
Average price: 990 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.8

Xiaomi is one of the leading companies in many areas of our lives. So their surge protector turned out to be extremely successful. Externally, the model is very similar to the previous participant. The main differences lie in the number of outlets - there are 3 outlets and 3 USB ports - and their type. The good thing is that the inputs are universal. You can connect European, old Russian, Chinese or American plugs without any adapters. If you like to order a variety of equipment abroad, you will definitely like this feature. There are also protective curtains on the openings. The downside is that there is no grounding.

USB connectors provide a maximum of 5V/2.1A. The maximum total current is 3.1A, i.e. 5V/1A per output, which is standard. We also note the high level of maximum load - 2500 W, while most competitors have a maximum of 2200 W.

The best surge protectors with unusual features

What if you not only need to power electronics through regular outlets or USB ports, but also perform some specific tasks. Models from this category will come in handy. It is almost impossible to systematize these devices, and therefore we ask you not to pay attention to the distribution of places - each device is unique in its own way and perfectly performs the task assigned to it.

4 PS Audio Dectet Power Center

The best surge protector for audiophiles
Country: USA
Average price: 36,250 RUR
Rating (2019): 4.6

There are music lovers - people who love high-quality sound and good music. And there are audiophiles who are difficult for ordinary people to understand. They are ready to pay an obscene amount for a regular surge protector. But is PS Audio Dectet Power Center really that ordinary? Not at all. The relatively compact case houses 10 sockets, divided into 3 groups. 2 sockets are dedicated for connecting powerful equipment, such as power amplifiers. Two other groups of 4 sockets each are designed for connecting analog and digital equipment. Each type has its own group.

The insides are even more interesting. The connection type is star - each socket is directly soldered to the input cable, which reduces crosstalk. To eliminate external interference, a filter is used on the inductor coils. In general, the level of protection against voltage surges and interference (external and internal) is at the highest level. Users of the device claim that the sound has become much clearer and more detailed.

3 Power Cube SISN-BLACK-10

Telephone network protection
Country: China
Average price: 1,360 RUR
Rating (2019): 4.6

The model from Power Cube and the following models belong to a much more familiar price category for us. The fairly massive case carries 6 sockets, one of which is somewhat distant from the main unit, so that even massive power supplies and non-standard plugs can be connected. The case can hardly be called beautiful, but there are no questions about practicality. Two through holes for wall mounting are much more convenient than the hidden grooves on the bottom of most other models.

The main distinguishing feature is telephone line protection. The filter is an intermediary that cuts off the transmission of current to the receiving device during a voltage surge in the supply part. This will save your phone, fax or modem and reduce interference during everyday use. Separate phase, neutral and ground protection are provided. There is noise filtering. The manufacturer is confident in its products, and therefore provides a guarantee for the connected equipment.

2 Pilot T

Unusual form factor. Affordable and high-quality model
A country: Russia (manufactured in China)
Average price: 1,000 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.7

The virtual silver medal goes to a fairly affordable model from a domestic manufacturer – Pilot T. The name suits the device perfectly, because we have a T-shaped surge protector. But what is much more interesting is the absence of a wire in it - the device is inserted directly into the outlet. This solution is suitable if the length of the wires of the connected devices is sufficient, but there are no sockets in the required quantity. In order not to break the socket with the large mass of the surge protector, adjustable legs are provided that rest against the wall and reduce the load on the socket.

The filter carries 4 classic sockets and a pair of USB ports. The total power can reach 3.3 kW, current - 15 A. USB connectors provide a total of 2A, which is enough to charge tablets, but not enough for devices that support fast charging. The power button is conveniently located on the front surface. The build quality and reliability are beyond criticism.

1 SVEN Special Base

Surge filter for UPS
Country: Finland
Average price: 227 ₽
Rating (2019): 4.6

Finally, our rating ends with a very simple, but unique model of its kind - a surge protector for an uninterruptible power supply. In fact, we have before us a regular extension cord with a cable 0.5 or 1.8 meters long, providing five additional sockets of the usual standard. You can insert the wire of a computer, monitor, etc. into them. The model is capable of transmitting up to 2200 W of energy. There are no means of protection or filtration provided, because... it is assumed that these tasks are performed by the UPS. The Special Base is connected to it using an IEC-320 standard input plug.

The reasons why good old electricity in a home outlet exceeds the permissible deviations vary. Sometimes these are temporary voltage surges and bursts of interference, sometimes these are systematic deviations beyond the limits of GOST standards. Ultimately, the home appliances pay the price by dying instantly or slowly from “electrical toxicity.”

In this post, we'll share some simple and inexpensive "electrical hygiene" techniques based on the type of problem you have with your electrical system.

Why is all this needed?

Only in an ideal world, the current in an electrical outlet has only two states: it is present or it is not. In reality, the “behavior” of electrical power has an “analog” unpredictable nature, unpleasantly surprising every time you least expect it.

There are many reasons why "line power" can deviate from the norm and even go beyond standard deviations. Thus, the evening voltage in the network - when there is a kettle, TV or computer on in every socket in every apartment - differs significantly from the voltage at night or during the day with minimal load.

Another example: a citizen has connected an industrial welding machine to his home network, and all the neighbors in the entrance or house enjoy impulse noise in the form of stripes on the screens and crackling sounds in the acoustics.

In most cases, a decrease in power quality is unpredictable and inevitable due to the external nature of the source - such as pulsed power surges during a thunderstorm. Sometimes the problem is very well known - for example, a powerful hairdryer, kettle or antique refrigerator periodically sends out “electrical hiccups” along the flimsy home or office electrical wiring, which is beyond our power to get rid of, although in some cases the issue is solved by simply tightening the contacts along the entire path.

The list of possible sources of electrical problems goes on and on. But whether it’s sparking contacts in the entrance or regular changes at the substation, the result is the same for the owner of equipment that “suddenly” burned out and was not covered by warranty.

Filter is different from filter

The very name of the device – “surge filter” – contains the key principle of protection: by passive filtering of the input voltage. The simplest inexpensive options can filter high-frequency interference using built-in inductive-capacitive elements (LC filters) or combat impulse noise using varistor filters. More expensive copies include both types of filters.

Input mains voltage with high-frequency and impulse noise

Voltage after impulse noise filtering by varistors

Output voltage after LC filtering of high-frequency interference

A really good surge protector has additional protections. For example, an automatic fuse that turns off the power at a certain current overload. Or special metal oxide varistors that are triggered by extreme voltage peaks during a thunderstorm or in the event of a short circuit.

ERA SF-6es-2m-B: typical surge protector

Some surge protectors offer additional "related services", such as providing filtering and protection for the telephone/fax line, Ethernet network and TV antenna. The occurrence of such interference is not such a rarity in old buildings, the cabling in which, over many years of operation, has turned into a multi-layered and sometimes even chaotic interweaving of power and signal wires with dilapidated and rusted contacts. The functions of such filtration can be equally useful both in the office and at home.

Stabilizer: normal flight

Unlike a network filter, which smoothes out pulsed and high-frequency distortions (interference) by passive means, a network stabilizer actively influences the key parameter of the power supply - voltage, compensating for its deviations.

Until recently, in Russia, the norm for a single-phase network was considered to be 220 V ±10% (GOST 5651-89), that is, any AC voltage in the range from 198 to 244 volts was considered normal. Recently, the interstate standard GOST 29322-2014 (IEC 60038:2009), brought into line with European standards, has come into force, according to which the standard mains voltage is 230 V ±10%, or from 207 to 253 V. The good old 220 V, however, for now no one has canceled it - the standards operate in parallel, so in general you can take into account the approximate range of 200-250 V.

Almost all modern computer and consumer electronics are equipped with switching power supplies, which themselves are excellent stabilizers and are capable of operating in a wide range of supply voltages. For example, the vast majority of computer power supplies - both built into PCs and external ones, for laptops and tablets - are designed for global use in most countries of the world with a rated network voltage from 110 V to 240 V. In some cases, such equipment “starts “even with a voltage of only 90-100 V. Accordingly, a decrease in voltage in the outlet for any reason is not a hindrance for them; increasing compensation occurs automatically.

Defender AVR Typhoon 1000: compact 320 W stabilizer and 2 sockets

With increased voltage it is a little more complicated: even the most modern electronics are designed for a maximum of 250-260 V, but if for some reason such voltage in the supply network has become the norm (in urban conditions this is hard to believe), of course, it is better to stabilize it by external means.

Regardless of high or low voltage, all lovers of warm tube sound - rare vinyl turntables, players, amplifiers and other ancient equipment - fall into a special risk group. In this case, the use of stabilizers, as they say, is not discussed.

Currently, the most popular and numerous representatives of the class of household voltage stabilizers are electronic, where the incoming current with a frequency of 50 Hz is converted into high-frequency pulses with a frequency of tens of kilohertz and controlled using pulse-width modulation (PWM). Of the significant disadvantages of such stabilizers, one can only note that the sinusoid at the output of such stabilizers is far from ideal. The list of advantages is much longer: compactness, light weight, huge operating range, versatility, resistance to overloads, and, most importantly, an incredibly affordable price.

In addition, in retail you can also occasionally find “classics”: impressively sized blocks that stepwise reduce or increase the output voltage due to electronic or relay switching of the windings of a full-fledged autotransformer located inside. Such stabilizers are bulky, have a fair amount of weight, but practically do not distort the input current sinusoid. As a rule, stabilizers of this class are aimed at powering an entire house or performing a specific task - such as powering a gas boiler, however, under certain conditions, such a device may be the ideal choice for an audiophile.

PowerCom TCA-2000: 2000 VA (1000 W) stabilizer and 4 sockets

A good stabilizer, as a rule, is equipped with all the passive filters characteristic of surge protectors, and also has all conceivable types of protection, including overvoltage, overload, overheating, short circuit, etc.

What you need to know when choosing a surge protector

When choosing any intermediate network device - an extension cord, surge protector, stabilizer or uninterruptible power supply, you should first of all remember the main rule: “electrical engineering is the science of contacts.” Nice labels, big brand names, numerous indicators and USB ports should not distract from the main problem: by connecting anything between the network and the device, we add extra contacts to an already long and uneven circuit.

• Calculate in advance the number of necessary sockets for connecting equipment, so that later you do not have to fence in a garden of unnecessary additional contacts from extension cords and other adapters.

  It would seem that the voltage in the outlet should be as close as possible to an ideal sinusoid. Alas, even such an idyll can easily be ruined for a couple of months by a hop-up group with a broken-down tool invited by a neighbor for repairs: each electric motor in each dying angle grinder, drill or chipper will spark with all its might until its final feature, sending “death impulses” along the wiring of the house. .

  This is just the beginning: the most active and restless residents will periodically connect industrial welding machines to their home network so that all neighbors in the entrance or house can “enjoy” pulsed noise in the form of stripes on TV and PC screens and a loud crackling sound in speakers and headphones.

  So, even residents of relatively new microdistricts in large cities and metropolises with relatively new infrastructure are not protected from pulsed and high-frequency power supply interference - at least of local origin.

  At a minimum, the first few years of a new home's life will inevitably be devoted to various repairs and alterations. In such a situation, it is possible that purchasing the most “powerful” surge protector is not necessary, but you cannot do without filtering the power voltage at all.
  For inexpensive options, you can take a closer look at surge protectors from the domestic company Era. Its range includes many models that differ in the level of protection and the presence of additional functions.

  The most affordable and simple solution for filtering mains voltage can be called the inexpensive mains filter ERA SF-5es-2m-I. The device is made in a fireproof housing, has a 2 m long cable and is equipped with five EURO format sockets with a grounding contact.

  The maximum filter load is 2200 W (10 A), the maximum interference current is stated at 7000 A, and the maximum energy dissipation is 300 J with a maximum load voltage deviation of 275 V.

  
  Surge filter ERA SFU-5es-2m-W

  This filter is equipped with a power-on indicator, surge noise filter, short circuit and overheating protection. In addition, the device attenuates high-frequency interference (0.1 - 10 MHz) by 10-40 dB.

  Those for whom high-frequency filtering is not critical can pay attention to the ERA USF-5es-1.5m-USB-W mains filter: with similar load and maximum current characteristics (minus the RF filter), this device is equipped with a switch and provides maximum energy dissipation up to 125 J, and is also equipped with two built-in USB ports for charging portable equipment and has wall mounting.

  A slightly more expensive option is the ERA SFU-5es-2m-B surge filter, which combines all the advantages of the two filters mentioned above, including an RF filter, USB ports, wall mounting, a switch and maximum energy dissipation of up to 300 J, but is made in a reliable Polycarbonate body in stylish black color.

  For those who need long cables, it makes sense to take a closer look at the Sven Optima series surge protectors for six outlets, supplied retail with a 1.8-meter, 3-meter or 5-meter network cable. These filters are designed for a maximum load of up to 2200 W, a maximum interference current of up to 2500 A and a maximum energy dissipation of up to 150 J with a load voltage deviation of up to 250 V.

  Despite the low price, they are equipped with a built-in switch, power indicator, surge noise filter, short circuit protection and automatic overload protection.

  The same class of devices includes the Pilot L 1.8 m surge protector from ZIS Company. A special feature of this filter is the presence of five EURO standard sockets plus one additional Russian-style socket, as well as support for a maximum interference current of up to 2500 A and a maximum dissipated energy of up to 800 J.

  Standing apart from the line of surge protectors are single-socket solutions, which are present in the range of most manufacturers today. Owners of Hi-Fi and Hi-End equipment, especially those that were released 20 or more years ago, should definitely pay attention to these filters. An “individual” surge filter will protect the listener from clicks and other background sounds, and your favorite amplifiers, turntables, phono stages and soundboards from premature aging of already “not young” components.

  
  Surge filter Pilot S-Max

  For example, a single-socket surge protector Pilot BIT S with a maximum load of up to 3500 W, a maximum noise current of up to 10,000 A and dissipated energy of up to 150 J will provide complete protection of equipment using a surge noise filter, short circuit and overload protection.

  Another interesting single-socket solution - the APC Surge Arrest P1-RS surge protector from Schneider Electric, despite its compact size, guarantees a maximum load of up to 16 A, a maximum interference current of up to 26,000 A and energy dissipation of up to 903 J. Such powerful protection is a success can be used as an adapter filter for a regular multi-socket extension cord.

  

  APC P1-RS surge protector

  Option 2: for the dacha

  From the “almost ideal” conditions of urban new buildings, let’s move on to less fortunate examples - houses with battered wiring, offices, suburban houses and other cases with unstable power supplies. Offices are in a special “risk group” here, since in addition to all sorts of interference sources typical for home users, in offices there is added interference from powerful industrial air conditioners, and in some cases from industrial refrigerators and other power equipment with huge pulsed surges of inrush currents.

  For such cases, APC also has surge protectors for four or five outlets, such as the APC P43-RS or APC PM5-RS from the Essential series. With a maximum load of up to 10 A, they provide a load cut-off voltage of up to 300 V with a maximum interference current of up to 36,000 A and a maximum dissipated energy of up to 918 J.

  

  
  APC SurgeArrest PM5B-RS surge protector

  In addition to fireproof casing, surge filtering and short circuit protection, these filters are equipped with switches and Euro-sockets with mechanical protection.

  An interesting solution to the issue of filtration and protection can also be the Sven Platinum 1.8 m Black surge protector. The uniqueness of this filter is that, in addition to the general mechanical switch, each of its five sockets is equipped with an individual switch with an operation indicator. The device is designed for loads up to 2200 W, maximum interference current up to 2500 A and maximum dissipated energy up to 350 J.

  

  
  Surge protector Sven Platinum 1.8 m Black

  For perfectionists today, unique surge protectors from Monster are available in Russia. The price of products from this brand is two to three times higher than similar offers from other brands, but the use of ceramic varistors, Clean Power technology to reduce electromagnetic radiation, additional protection circuits and a unique appearance completely compensate for this difference.

  Monster's most versatile surge protector - Core Power 800 USB, is equipped with eight Euro sockets, two USB ports for charging portable equipment, as well as a LAN input and output for additional protection of the Ethernet cable from impulse noise. It holds a load of up to 16 A and provides dissipation of interference with an energy of up to 1440 J. The filter has an indication of switching on and grounding, protection against short circuit and overload, as well as mechanical protection of sockets.

  
  Monster Core Power 800 USB Surge Protector

  The “closest relative” of this model is the Monster Core Power 600 USB surge protector, designed for six outlets and does not have a LAN filter, but at the same time provides maximum interference energy dissipation of up to 1836 J.

  The list of worthy network filters can be continued with several trustworthy brands - such as InterStep, Uniel, Ippon, IEK, Defender, Powercom, ExeGate, etc.

  When choosing a filter, the most important thing is to correctly assess the situation with the quality of power supply in your home or office, as well as determine the needs and quantity of electronics and household appliances that will be connected to the filter. For example, those who receive Internet at home via optics or twisted pair do not need a filter for the telephone line at all, which cannot be said about those who are connected to the Network via ADSL.

  In any case, the choice of a surge filter deserves special attention, since the service life of equipment, the price of which is tens or hundreds of times higher than the cost of this filter, sometimes depends on this seemingly insignificant device.

  Choosing a voltage stabilizer

  A network stabilizer is a specific device and much more complex than a network filter, which is why the list of manufacturers is much shorter.

  However, the names of the most popular brands are almost the same, and the choice is somewhat simplified due to the fact that there are significantly fewer key parameters for determining the most suitable solution.

  Yes, most network stabilizers contain built-in noise filters and can also be marked by maximum energy dissipation, but the most important parameters when choosing are still the maximum load and input voltage stabilization range.

  It is best to classify network stabilizers according to the maximum permissible load, and only after that look at the range of voltage stabilization.

  In Russia, the permissible maximum load is usually standardized in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW); in other countries, in particular in China, markings in volt-amperes (VA) or kilovolt-amperes (kVA) are accepted.

  Watts active power and volt-amps useful power– the values ​​are by no means identical; to achieve approximate equality, the latter must be multiplied by the so-called power factor, which for household appliances and electronics ranges from 0.6-1.0.

  In practice, they usually calculate the approximate total load power, and then, to find out the desired useful power in volt-amperes, multiply it by 1.4. And vice versa: if it is necessary to find out the approximate load of the stabilizer in watts, the useful power is multiplied by a factor of 0.7.

  And one more useful practical tip: after calculating the total maximum power of the stabilizer’s expected load, add another 25% to the result; a small margin will not only avoid overload in the future, when connecting new devices, but will also save the stabilizer from working in extreme mode, where it efficiency drops noticeably.

  When choosing a stabilizer, you should also pay attention to the presence of a “smart” Bypass mode: at the rated mains voltage, such a device will not waste energy and will only come into operation when it is really needed.

  When determining the maximum permissible load power of a network voltage stabilizer, you should look at its characteristics, and not at the name: it is not at all a fact that the numbers in the name have any practical relation to the power of the device.

  To stabilize the mains voltage at a relatively light load - up to 300 W - Sven has very interesting solutions. Compact stabilizers are made in an unusual “cubic” design and have a fairly wide range of voltage stabilization - usually ranging from 150 to 280-295 V.

  This is exactly the case when you should not trust the numbers in the name and read the characteristics especially carefully: the Sven VR-V 600 stabilizer has a maximum load of 200 W, and the Sven Neo R 600 has a maximum load of no more than 300 W.

  Both cubes have overload and short circuit protection, are rated for a maximum interference current of up to 6500 A and a dissipated energy of up to 220 J, and both are equipped with mechanically protected sockets.

  For more powerful loads, the company releases the Sven VR-V1000 stabilizer, which provides connection to equipment with a power of up to 500 W. To such a “cube” you can already connect not only a home audio system, but also additional devices such as a TV, game console, or personal computer.

  
  Voltage stabilizer Sven VR-V1000

  The Schneider Electric line of voltage stabilizers includes two popular models APC LS1000-RS Line-R and APC LS1500-RS Line-R, designed for loads up to 500 W and 750 W, respectively. Both stabilizers operate with input voltages in the range of 184-248 V, are equipped with operating voltage and overload indicators, impulse noise filters, short circuit and overload protection.

  

  Voltage stabilizer APC LS1000-RS Line-R

  Before purchasing, do not be too lazy to also check the maximum operating voltage of the stabilizer - if this parameter is really critical for your network. For example, the APC LS1500-RS Line-R stabilizer is designed for an input operating voltage range of 184-248 V, while the APC Line-R 600VA Auto model, although designed for lower power, up to 600 W, at the same time provides a significantly wider range of input voltage stabilization, from 150 to 290 V, which, in particular, explains its higher price.

  

  Voltage stabilizer APC Line-R 600VA Auto

  Voltage stabilizers from 1000 W (1 kW) and above should be placed in a separate category, designed to serve powerful office equipment, household equipment for homes (for example, for heating boilers) or voltage stabilization throughout the house. For such purposes, powerful systems with autotransformers are often used.

  Sven is one of the few companies that produces and sells stabilizers with an autotransformer in Russia, designed for significant loads and at the same time having an affordable price. For example, the Sven AVR PRO LCD 10000 model copes with a load of up to 8 kW in the stabilization range from 140 to 260 V - an excellent choice for connecting an entire country house.

  

  
  Voltage stabilizer Sven AVR PRO LCD 10000

  A very large assortment of powerful compact stabilizers is produced by the previously mentioned “Era”.

  
  Voltage stabilizer ERA SNK-1000-M

  Pay attention to the labeling of its products: the name of the stabilizers, as a rule, indicates the useful power in watt-amps. For example, the ERA SNK-1000-M stabilizer is designed for 1000 VA, that is, with it you can safely load a maximum active load of up to 700 W.

  

  
  Voltage stabilizer ERA STA-3000

  To power a powerful home load - from 3000 W or more, stabilizers with relay load control are also excellent. They are affordable, compact, have a wide stabilization range - from 140 to 270 V and are equipped with all imaginable types of protection.

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Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

Every home has a lot of electronics and household appliances. I would like it to serve as long as possible without suffering from sudden voltage surges in the electrical network, which happen for many reasons: turning on a powerful device, a short circuit at a substation, atmospheric overvoltages, and other complex transient processes.

Surge filter - what is it?

A mains voltage filter will help keep your equipment in good condition. This is a device that protects equipment from interference and voltage surges in the network. Outwardly, it may look like a regular extension cord, but the difference is that the power strip is equipped with a special unit that mitigates the consequences of sudden surges in electricity.

What is it needed for

The passport of each household appliance indicates the frequency of the input voltage according to GOST (50 Hz), but the performance in the network is far from ideal. There are many consumers of electricity around us: someone is doing repairs and turned on an angle grinder or doing welding, at a nearby factory the production facilities were turned on at the same time, there was a failure at a substation. All this will make the voltage in the network unstable, and this will affect the operation of sensitive computer equipment and televisions.

Consider why a surge protector is needed and what the principle of its operation is using the example of mathematical functions. The frequency of the alternating current voltage in the network changes according to a sinusoid (a smooth arc that oscillates many times per unit of time). In addition to this, high-frequency (100 Hz to 100 MHz) and low-frequency pulses, voltage peaks, amplitude changes, shape distortions, and jumps occur. This is not much like a smooth sinusoid (harmonic), but more similar to the indicators of a cardiograph, and besides, many such curves are recorded simultaneously.

For normal operation of household appliances, it is necessary that there is one smooth sine wave, so all other harmonics and impulse noise must be discharged and prevented from reaching the electric current receiver. All this work is performed by an extension filter equipped with a built-in circuit that absorbs all frequency errors. For large differences, a fuse is provided, which, when blown when overloaded, de-energizes the devices. It is better to use a socket filter in conjunction with a voltage stabilizer.

Device

If the type of current passing through resistors does not affect their resistance, then capacitive and inductive resistance directly depend on the frequency of the current. The higher the frequency of the current, the greater the resistance of the induction coil. This property of inductance is used in the device to smooth out high-frequency interference (sinusoids with small periods). To do this, two coils with inductance from 60 to 200 μH each are placed in series with the load in the neutral and phase conductors.

Low-frequency interference is suppressed by the resistance of induction coils or a resistor with a resistance of no more than 1 Ohm, located in series. The most effective filters for interference are LC filters, which consist not only of induction coils, but are also supplemented with a capacitor (capacitance 0.22-1.0 μF) connected in parallel to the load. The voltage of this capacitor is selected so that it exceeds the network voltage at least twice, taking into account possible differences.

A semiconductor element - a varistor - will help cope with short-term pulsed interference. If the voltage in the network is low, then the varistor acts as a high-resistance resistor and does not allow current to pass through. As the voltage increases to the nominal value of the varistor (470 volts), the resistance of the semiconductor decreases, and current pulses pass through it. This means that if the varistor is connected in parallel with the load, then the high voltage pulses will be absorbed by it, temporarily smoothing out their effect.

A real socket filter should consist of:

• two coils with inductance from 60 to 200 μH, in series with the load;
• varistor 470 volts connected in parallel with the load;
• a 0.22-0.1 µF capacitor connected in parallel with the load;
• 1 ohm resistor to suppress low frequency noise (if necessary).

Most cheap options in practice are not. They consist only of a varistor and a bimetallic contact for maximum protection. However, it is easy to assemble an LC circuit with your own hands and it will work no worse than the factory one. Although, if the house has only ordinary powerful household appliances, then they do not need filters, since the quality of electricity does not affect them, and electronics (computer, TV, stereo system) consume a small amount of energy and an extension filter with a nominal a current of several amperes.

Surge filter – buy

A sophisticated modern consumer, before choosing from a photo in a catalog and buying a surge protector, carefully studies the ratings and reviews of customers. It is now easy to buy any product in an online store, since each seller takes care of providing maximum information about the characteristics of each item in their assortment. We present to your attention a brief overview of popular devices from global manufacturers.

From USB

In the event of overheating and a short circuit, the device automatically switches off, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire. Network with USB ports provides protection against overvoltage and high-frequency interference of several devices simultaneously. A big advantage is that the case has USB ports for charging tablets and smartphones.

1. Price – 2800 rubles.
2. Characteristics: total power – up to 2.3 kW, on the case there are two USB ports (2.4 A each) for charging tablets and smartphones. The LED indicator on the case will warn you in time about problems in the electrical network or a damaged fuse. Cable 2 meters long. The body is white.
3. Pros: design, does not take up much space, three sockets on both sides of the device, European standard type with grounding, USB available.
4. Cons: none found.

Buro BU-SP5 USB 2A-W:

1. Price – 990 rubles.
2. Characteristics: equipped with six standard 220 V sockets. One USB port with a current of 1 ampere and a second port of 2.1 ampere are used to recharge mobile gadgets. Cord length 5 meters, white body.
3. Pros: narrow, does not take up much space, European standard sockets with grounding on one side of the device, USB available, inexpensive.
4. Cons: none found.

For UPS

In the event of overheating and a short circuit, the device automatically switches off, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire. Network for UPS is used to connect household and electronic equipment to an uninterruptible power supply. The operating time depends on the capacity of the UPS battery built into the device.

ExeGate SPU-5-0.5B:

1. Price – 172 rubles.
2. Characteristics: cord length 0.5 m, black housing designed for 5 sockets with grounding. It is used to connect household and electronic equipment to an uninterruptible power supply, which is equipped with a C13 connector.
3. Pros: rated voltage - 220 V, maximum impulse - 90 J, total load power - 10 amperes, low cost.
4. Cons: none found.

Garrison EHW-0:

1. Price – 200 rubles.
2. Characteristics: white body, cord length 0.5 m, there are 6 European standard sockets with grounding. Equipped with C14 connector, power switch with indicator light. The housing has a hole for mounting to a wall in a vertical position.
3. Pros: rated voltage - 220 V, total load power - 2.2 kW, rated current - 10 amperes, maximum impulse - 90 J, current noise withstand - 2.5 kA, low cost.
4. Cons: none found.

For computer

All connectors are grounded, cord length varies depending on model. Surge protectors for computers from Pilot are distinguished by their well-thought-out functionality. They have European standard sockets and one Soviet type. The pilot for the computer is also suitable for household appliances. A button with an LED turns off power to all devices. In the event of overheating and a short circuit, the device automatically switches off, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire.

1. Price – 1200 rubles.
2. Characteristics: a 5 m long cord can serve as a regular extension cord, rated voltage is 220-230 V, total load power is 10 amperes, 6 sockets, including one of the old type.
3. Pros: comfortable, functional.
4. Cons: none found.

1. Price – 2300 rubles.
2. Characteristics: cord length - 1.8 m, rated voltage - 220 V, total load power - 2.2 kW, rated current - 10 amperes.
3. Pros: original design in the form of a gray trapezoid, reminiscent of a science-fiction spacecraft, 6 sockets, including one of the old type.
4. Cons: none found.

For washing machine

A modern automatic washing machine, especially its electronic part, is very sensitive to network interference and therefore needs protection. Surge protectors for household appliances will reliably protect all home appliances from overheating and short circuits. There is no need to buy large filters for these purposes; compact models represented by the following names are suitable.

1. Price – 1240 rubles.
2. Characteristics: a small ergonomic case is equipped with one European standard socket, there is no cord, rated voltage - 220 V, total load power - 2.2 kW, rated current - 10 amperes.
3. Pros: the models have a compact design and can be taken with you on trips.
4. Cons: stationary without a cord.

Inter-Step SP-ONE (1140J):

1. Price – 555 rubles.
2. Characteristics: stationary for a washing machine without a cord, maximum interference voltage – 220/240 V, rated frequency – 50 Hz, total load – 350 kW, maximum load current – ​​16A, maximum pulse interference current – ​​1950 kA, maximum dissipated energy – 1140 J , color – white, additional features – thunderstorm protection. The small case is equipped with one European standard socket.
3. Pros: compact size.
4. Cons: none found.

With a switch for each socket

The device guarantees protection against surges and high-frequency interference of several devices simultaneously. A surge protector with a switch for each outlet is good because you can control the power supply to each device that is turned on. In the event of overheating and a short circuit, the fuse switches off automatically, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire.

MOST ERG in white housing:

1. Price – 1030 rubles.
2. Characteristics: rated voltage - 220 V, rated current - 10 amperes, total load power - 2.2 kW, 5 Euro-standard sockets with grounding, cord length - 5 m, 5 buttons with LED backlight for each and one common one, turning off power throughout device.
3. Cons: not found.

MOST EHV in black housing:

1. Price – 1250 rubles.
2. Characteristics: rated voltage - 220 V, rated current - 10 amperes, total load power - 2.2 kW, 5 Euro-standard sockets with grounding, cord length - 2 m, 5 buttons with LED backlight for each socket and one common one that turns off the power during all device.
3. Pros: convenient control of the operation of each individual device.
4. Cons: not found.

For LCD TV

The device guarantees protection against surges and high-frequency interference of several devices simultaneously. The surge protector for LCD TV protects video equipment, telephone lines, and local networks from short circuits and high-frequency interference. In case of overheating and short circuit, it switches off automatically, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire.

1. Price – 3000 rubles.
2. Characteristics: maximum connector and RJ-11, LED indicator, output power – 2.3 kW, load current max – 10 amperes, output voltage – 230 V, 8 sockets with grounding, located on both sides, cable 2 m long, protection of antenna television input , a separate switch for each outlet so that you can control the power supply to each device that is turned on, and one general switch.
3. Pros: beveled fork for placing the filter in a narrow space between furniture.
4. Cons: none found.

1. Price – 1000 rubles.
2. Characteristics: LED indicator. Output power - 2.3 kW, load current max - 10 A, output voltage - 230 V, 5 sockets with grounding, cable 5 m long, a separate switch for each socket so that you can control the power supply to each device, and one common switch.
3. Pros: sockets are located on one side at an angle of 45 degrees for ease of connection.
4. Cons: none found.

With grounding

Grounding is the main condition for the safe use of sockets. A surge protector with grounding guarantees protection against surges and high-frequency interference for six devices at the same time, these are the main advantages. In the event of overheating and a short circuit, the filter automatically switches off, preventing damage to electrical appliances and the occurrence of a fire.

Defender DFS 805:

1. Price – 1200 rubles.
2. Characteristics: output power - 2.3 kW, load current max - 10 A, output voltage - 230 V, 6 sockets with grounding, cable 5 m long, one general switch with LED indicator.
3. Pros: modern design and safety.
4. Cons: none found.

1. Price – 2350 rubles.
2. Characteristics: sockets are protected by curtains, two USB ports, cord length – 1.83 m, output power – 2.3 kW, load current max – 10 amperes, output voltage – 230 V.
3. Pros: The device is equipped with 5 outlets, one of which is located at a remote distance to power massive power supplies.
4. Cons: none found.

How to choose a surge protector

The choice of a surge protector is based on the following characteristics of the device:

1. Permissible load power.
2. Number and type of sockets.
3. Power cord length.
4. Availability of fuses.
5. Availability of indicator light (backlight button).
6. Availability of USB connector.

Household electrical appliances can easily be protected by a filter with a rated load current of 10 A. If you intend to connect office appliances, then the calculation of the load power will be completely different (16 A-20 A). The higher the maximum impulse load, the greater the fluctuations in the network the device will withstand. Some models can even withstand the effects of a lightning strike.

Based on the number of devices that are planned to be connected to the extension filter, the number of sockets in it is determined. If this is an extension cord for a computer, then it is reasonable to assume that you will need to connect a system unit, speaker system, monitor, printer, voltage stabilizer, router and other devices, so you need to choose a device with five or six sockets. Sockets must be of European standard with grounding.

As for the length of the cord, everything is individual. As a rule, 1.8 meters is enough for a home, but there are cords of 3 and 5 meters. In any case, it’s better to take it with a reserve, in case you want to rearrange your home. An important point when choosing is the presence of fuses and their type. Some manufacturers supply devices with several fuses - fusible, thermal and fast-acting. Most devices are equipped with a device functioning indicator. the difference is that the LED turns off immediately when one of the protective elements of the device becomes unusable.

The following brands are recognized as the best surge protectors today:

• Vector;
• Defender;
• Pilot;
• BURO;

These companies produce devices:

• simple, the purpose of which is basic protection (Essential);
• optimal with advanced (Note/Office) protection and ratio of price and quality work;
• with professional (Performance) protection of expensive equipment.

1. Filters cannot be connected to each other, as this will lead to an increase in the current in the ground phase.
2. Do not connect devices with high input voltage (refrigerator, air conditioner, vacuum cleaner, heating devices).
3. It is not advisable to connect the device to an uninterruptible power supply - the protective circuits will be damaged.