The SPU-7 intercom is intended: for intra-helicopter communication using an AG-2, GSSH-A-18 aviation headset or a headset between all crew members; for pilots to access external radio communications through two radio stations and two radio compasses; for listening to special-purpose signals from voice communication equipment RI-65B; to listen to the “DANGEROUS” pitch tone sound signal from the radio altimeter, regardless of the position of the radio switches on subscriber devices; for recording onto the wire sound carrier of the MS-61 tape recorder information and commands received via radio communication lines and the helicopter’s internal on-board telephone communication through the helicopter commander’s subscriber unit.
PLACEMENT OF INTERCOMING DEVICE ON A HELICOPTER:
The low-frequency amplifier is installed on the shelf behind the co-pilot's seat on frame 5H;
Pilots' telephones to the left and right of the gas station panels on the ceiling of the pilot's cabin;
Operator's subscriber unit with switch "ON - LARING - OFF." on the left side of the cargo compartment between ShP 6 and 7;
the trigger button "SPU-1 - RADIO-2" is installed on each cyclic step handle.
On a helicopter, the SPU-7 intercom works with two communication points:
One talking point is installed in the cockpit door opening in a special niche on the right, intended for communication by the flight engineer. It has an external button “SPU” on the bracket of the right shelf and a switch “LISTENING ARK-U2 - ARK-9” located there;
The second additional communication point is installed in the cargo compartment on the wall of the Shch No. 1 near the sliding door.
For the convenience of the flight mechanic (operator) with the control system working with the onboard or external sling, the helicopter has three extension cords with 4-pin female half-connectors - in the cockpit on the right side of the door opening and in the cargo compartment on the wall of frame No. 1.
The co-pilot can conduct intra-helicopter communication constantly (without pressing the "SPU-RADIO" trigger button on the control stick) when the "LARINGIT" switch on the right side panel of the electric control panel is set to the "ON" position.
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
The intercom is connected to the battery bus through the gas station circuit breaker GK-2 "SPU-7", on the right panel
Gas station for pilots' electric control panel.
Supply voltage………………………….....(27±2.7)V.
Power consumption…………………………50W.
Laryngophone supply voltage or
aircraft headset amplifiers...................................3-5V.
The gain is adjusted by variable resistance on the low-frequency amplifier and
can reach…………………………………100 times.
Frequency range……………………………..300...3500Hz.
BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SET.
The main elements of the intercom are subscriber units. They are used for connecting microphones and headphones to various means of communication, as well as for switching power circuits for starting relays of radio transmitters.
The functional diagram of the intercom is shown in Fig. 3., shows the interconnection of individual cascades and nodes, communication with other associated radio equipment. In the functional diagram, individual blocks and stages are indicated by rectangles, each of which has an input and output shown by arrows. The switching equipment of the intercom is located in the RKSPU distribution box.
The intercom is controlled using knobs and switches installed on the SPU-7 subscriber unit and sequential switching buttons "SPU-RADIO" type 2KPP, when the trigger is pulled, before the first stage is triggered, the operation is in intra-helicopter communication mode, and when pressed until it triggers second stage – operation in “RADIO” mode (external communication). A low frequency amplifier (LF) is needed only to provide intra-helicopter communications.
Fig.1 General view of the SPU-7 subscriber device.
1 – listening volume control; 2 – general volume control; 3 – switch for internal and external radio communications; 4 – radio station switch; 5 – circular call button; 6 low frequency amplifier switch (not used on the helicopter).
The radio station switch (r/st) connects aircraft headsets to various radio equipment. The switch has 6 positions;
UKR - command station "BAKLAN-20"
SR - connected r/st "YADRO-1A"
KR – not involved;
DR – not involved;
RK-1 – ARK-9 radio compass;
RK-2 – ARK-U2 radio complex with R-852.
The helicopter uses one low-frequency amplifier, so the “NETWORK” switches on subscriber units are not used.
The "CV" button is used to transmit information to all crew members with increased volume.
Smooth control of the volume of speech transmitted over internal or external communication networks is carried out with the “GENERAL” volume control, and the level of listening to signals from the intercom network when working over the intercom and signals from the intercom network when working over the external communication network is carried out using the “SPAN” volume control. Therefore, the “Listening” knob cannot be set to the left extreme position, since in this case the signal is not listened to.
Fig.2 General view of the meeting point.
The operation of the "CALL" button on the call point is similar to the operation of the "CV" button on the subscriber device.
Additional points of the flight mechanic (operator) allow only intra-helicopter communication; access to radio communication from additional communication points is not provided.
From the operator's subscriber unit on the left side of the cabin, not only intra-helicopter conversations are possible, but also listening to radio traffic through the BACLAN-20 command radio station (position UKR).
The “DANGER ALTITUDE” sound signal from the radio altimeter is sent to the headphones of all crew members, regardless of the position of the switches on the subscriber sets.
Voice messages about emergency situations, as well as recording of audio information on a tape recorder, are carried out through the subscriber unit of the helicopter commander (left pilot).
OPERATING LIMITATIONS.
Turn on before starting the engines, keep the SPU-7 power supply on during the entire flight; turn off after landing and complete engine shutdown.
NORMAL OPERATION OF THE NEGOTIATION
SPU-7 DEVICES.
Before starting the engines, turn on the batteries and connect the aircraft headsets to subscriber devices and call points.
1. Turn on the gas station "SPU-7" on the right panel of the gas station.
2. On the subscriber device, set the NETWORK switch to the NETWORK-1 (or NETWORK-2) position.
3. To call crew members, press the “SGGU-1” or “CV” button for the pilots, the “SPU” or “CALL” button for the flight mechanic - transmit messages, release the buttons to listen for the answer. If the SPU-RADIO switch on the subscriber units is set to the “SPU” position, then when conducting internal communication, the pilot-in-command and the co-pilot can simultaneously listen with a reduced volume to the radio reception of the radio station to which their radio switches are set. The reception volume is adjusted with the “LISTENING” knob, and the volume of intra-helicopter communications is adjusted with the “GENERAL” knob.
4. To conduct radio communication, set the “SPU-RADIO” switch to the “RADIO” position; Having selected the desired radio station with the radio station switch to transmit the message, press the trigger button all the way to the second stop “RADIO-2”, releasing the button and listen to the answer, adjusting its volume with the “GENERAL” knob.
NOTE: When the switch for internal and external radio communication is in position. "SPU" it is impossible to turn on radio station transmitters when you press the "RADIO" button. In this case, the operation of the "RADIO" button is similar to the operation of the "SPU" button.
WORK OF THE FLIGHT MECHANIC (OPERATOR) WITH SPU-7.
1. To listen to signals received by radio compasses, the flight mechanic must set the “LISTENING ARK-9 - ARK-U2” switch to the “ARK-9” or “ARK-U2” position. In this case, to call the flight mechanic, pilots press the “CV” button on their subscriber unit, and the flight mechanic must set the “LISTENING” switch to answer. In the neutral position and press the "SPU" button, or leaving the "LISTENING" switch. In the position of the radio compass you are listening to, press the “CALL” button on the intercom. Adjust the volume of received messages using the “LOUDER” control on the intercom.
2. When transmitting long-term messages (working with a winch, with an external sling, etc.), it is necessary to turn on “LARING” at the additional communication point.
The co-pilot can use the LARING switch on the right side panel of the electric console. In the “ON” position, you can conduct intercom without pressing the “SPU-RADIO” button on the control knob.
POSSIBLE MALFUNCTIONS OF SPU-7, THEIR SIGNS AND
CREW ACTIONS.
The operation of the SPU-7 before flight and in flight is determined by clear listening and transmission via external and internal communication networks, clear operation of buttons, switches, and volume controls.
SIGN: There is no internal and external communication. NECESSARY ACTIONS:
Check that the DC source is turned on;
Check that gas stations “SPU-7”, “COMMAND RS”, “Svyaznaya RS” are turned on;
Check the position of the "SPU-LARING" switch on the control panel of the MS-61 tape recorder, set pos. "SPU";
Set the switch “LISTENING ARK-9 - ARK-U2” to the neutral position;
Check and replace the aircraft headset if faulty.
30. Basic information about aircraft radio equipment
The radio equipment installed on the aircraft guarantees flight safety and is designed to solve the following tasks:
providing the crew with in-flight telephone communications, as well as radio communications with aircraft in the air and ground air traffic control points;
determining flight navigation elements and maintaining orientation in difficult meteorological conditions, regardless of the time of day and ground visibility;
ensuring approach calculation and landing approach execution;
providing the crew with information about lightning activity, oncoming aircraft and obstacles along the flight route.
Based on its purpose and principle of operation, aircraft radio equipment is divided into radio communications, radio navigation and radar.
Radio communications equipment includes an aircraft intercom SPU-7, an aircraft loudspeaker SGU-15, a short-wave radio station R-836, a medium-wave transmitter, and two ultra-short wave radio stations R-802.
The R-836 shortwave radio station, consisting of the R-836 transmitter and US-8 receiver, is not installed on all An-24 aircraft. The medium-wave transmitter is installed on aircraft that fly at high latitudes. If available, it, together with the mentioned US-8 receiver, which has a medium-wave frequency range, forms a medium-wave transmitting and receiving radio station.
The radio navigation equipment includes an RV-UM radio altimeter, two ARK-P radio compasses and SP-50M aircraft landing system equipment (KRP-FM localization radio receiver, GRP-2M glide slope radio receiver and MRP-56P marker radio receiver).
On the first production aircraft, instead of the RV-UM radio altimeter and ARK-11 radio compasses, the RV-2 radio altimeter with an SVR alarm attachment and ARK-5 radio compasses with a fly-by-wire control system (EDC) were installed, respectively.
Radar equipment includes the RPSN-2 or RPSP-3 radar station. To increase their operational reliability, vital radio equipment is duplicated. For this purpose, two sets of R-802 ultrashort wave command radios and radio compasses were installed, and on some aircraft, two amplifiers for the aircraft intercom.
Control panels and indicator devices for radio equipment systems are installed in the cockpit in places that provide the crew with ease of working with this equipment.
The antenna devices of most radio equipment are made in the form of closed-type antennas and do not create aerodynamic drag.
The exception is the antennas of short-wave and medium-wave radio stations, as well as the radio altimeter.
Most radio devices are powered by direct and alternating single-phase electricity from the on-board network. The radar station is also powered from the on-board three-phase current network, the radio altimeter - only from the single-phase current network, the SPU-7 and SGU-15 devices - only from the direct current network.
Protection of the power supply circuits of radio equipment is carried out by on-board circuit breakers and fuses of the SP type, which are installed respectively on the gas station switchboard, the radio operator’s dashboard and on the AC panel. In addition, there are fuses on some radio equipment units.
31. Subscriber headset and aircraft intercom SPU-7
Subscriber headset provides intra-aircraft telephone communication via SPU-7, as well as external radiotelephone communication through radio stations installed on the aircraft.
The AG-2 subscriber headset includes a DEMSH-1A microphone with a microphone amplifier and a set of two TA-56M type telephones.
The microphone amplifier is assembled on semiconductor triodes and amplifies the audio frequency voltage created by the microphone. The amplifier is powered by the radio equipment through which communication is carried out.
The headset is connected to the SPU subscriber device via a cord (electrical wires) and a four-pin half-connector.
Purpose, composition and principle of operation of SPU-7. The SPU-7 aircraft intercom is designed to conduct intra-aircraft telephone communication between crew members and connect their headsets to radio stations installed on the aircraft.
With the help of SPU-7, crew members can:
two-way telephone communication;
launching radio stations and two-way communication through these stations; listening to radio compasses;
listening to the sound signal of reaching a given descent altitude, received by telephones from the radio altimeter at any position of the SPU controls;
listening to external communications with a reduced volume when working on intercom;
listening with a reduced volume of internal communication when working on external communication;
smooth volume control on phones via internal and external communication networks;
maintaining communication using an external cable when servicing an aircraft on the ground with a subscriber located outside the aircraft.
On an airplane, the SPU-7 includes: one or two amplifiers; three or four subscriber units;
“Radio” buttons and “SPU” buttons - one with each subscriber device;
two connecting blocks.
The SPU amplifier is used to amplify the voltage of low (audio) frequencies coming from microphone amplifiers of headsets when subscribers transmit over the intra-aircraft communication network. It is assembled on semiconductor triodes. One or two amplifiers are installed on the radio equipment shelf at frame No. 7. The following controls and adjustments are located on the SPU-7 subscriber unit (Fig. 25):
two-position switch “SPU - Radio” to connect the subscriber’s headset to the internal or external communication network;
a six-position radio communications switch (bar) for connecting the subscriber’s headset to radio stations and radio compasses installed on the aircraft;
rheostat knob “General for adjusting the volume of listening to communications on which the “SPU - Radio” switch is installed;
rheostat knob “Proel.” to adjust the volume of listening to communications for which the “SPU-Radio” switch is not set, i.e., communications listened to at a reduced volume;
the "CV" button ("Circular call"), which provides transmission over the intercom network, listened to by all subscribers with full volume;
the “Network 1-2” switch, the position of which does not matter on the aircraft.
When the “SPU - Radio” switch is in the “SPU” position, the subscriber’s phones are connected to the output of the SPU amplifier, so the communication carried out over the intra-aircraft network is listened to by the subscriber with increased volume, adjusted using the “General” knob. At the same time, the subscriber's telephones are connected through the transformer of the subscriber unit to the output of the receiver, on which the radio communications switch is installed, as a result of which this receiver is listened to on the telephones with a reduced volume, which is adjusted using the “Listening” knob. The subscriber cannot turn on the station's transmitter, i.e., broadcast a radio broadcast.
When the “SPU - Radio” switch is set to the “Radio” position, the subscriber’s phones are connected to the output of the receiver on which the radio communications switch is installed, and through a transformer to the output of the SPU amplifier. As a result, in phones the receiver is listened to at full volume, and the internal network communication is heard at a reduced volume (provided that the transmission over the internal network is not carried out using the “CV” button). The volume of the receiver and intercom signals is adjusted respectively using the “General” and “Listening” knobs. At the same time, the circuits for turning on the corresponding transmitter and connecting the subscriber’s microphone to it using the “Radio” button are prepared.
When you press the “CV” button, the subscriber’s microphone is connected to the input of the SPU amplifier, and the telephones of all subscribers are connected to the output of this amplifier and, at the same time, through transformers, to the receivers on which the radio communication switches of the subscriber units are installed. All subscribers listen to the broadcast over the internal network at full volume and cannot broadcast the radio. Thus, when at least one subscriber presses the “CV” button, then for all subscribers this is equivalent to the fact that the “SPU - Radio” switches of their subscriber devices are set to the “SPU” position.
Subscriber devices are located one at a time on the vertical panels of the left and right consoles and on the radio operator’s dashboard. If there are four devices on an airplane, one of them is installed at the navigator’s workplace.
The “Radio” button is intended to turn on the transmitter on which the radio communications switch of the subscriber device is installed, and to connect the subscriber’s microphone to this transmitter, provided that the “SPU - Radio” switch of the subscriber device is set to the “Radio” position. When this switch is in the “SPU” position, the microphone, when the button is pressed, is connected to the SPU amplifier, i.e., using the button, you can transmit over the intra-aircraft communication network. This transmission will be listened to by subscribers communicating with the radio at a reduced volume.
The “SPU” button is designed to quickly connect the subscriber’s headset to the intra-aircraft communication network. When it is pressed, the same connections occur as when the “Radio” button is pressed when the “SPU - Radio” switch is in the “SPU” position, but regardless of the position of this switch. Thus, transmission over the intra-aircraft communication network can be carried out using the “SPU”, “CV” or “Radio” buttons. In the latter case, you must first set the “SPU - Radio” switch to the “SPU” position.
To conduct radio communication, you must set the “SPU - Radio” switch to the “Radio” position and transmit using the “Radio” button. The “Radio” buttons are installed one at a time on the steering wheels and in the foot switches under the tables of the radio operator and navigator, and the “SPU” buttons are installed one at a time on the steering wheels, on the radio operator’s dashboard and near the navigator’s SPU subscriber unit.
Connecting blocks are used for electrical connection of amplifiers and SPU subscriber units, as well as for connecting SPU-7 to radio devices installed on the aircraft. They are located on the ceiling of the cockpit on the left, near frame No. 7.
To connect an external cable when communicating on the ground with a subscriber located outside the aircraft, a four-pin half connector is installed in the hatch on the right side of the aircraft between frames No. 1 and 2.
In order to ensure communication via the control system when servicing equipment located in the tail unsealed compartment, a four-pin half connector is installed in this compartment on the radio equipment shelf, intended for connecting a subscriber headset.
The SPU-7 is powered by DC electricity from the emergency bus of the radio operator's dashboard. The power circuits are protected by two AZS-2 "SPU", which are located on this instrument panel, and on the latest aircraft - on the pilot's upper panel. SPU-7 consumes a current of about 0.6 A.
Switching on, pre-flight check, use of SPU-7. The SPU-7 aircraft intercom must be turned on before starting the engines and turned off only after the flight. To turn it on, you need to turn on AZR-6 “Emergency bus of the radio operator’s dashboard” and AZS-2 “SPU”.
To check the functionality of SPU-7, set the “SPU - Radio” switch on the subscriber device to the “Radio” position and use the “SPU” button to establish communication with another subscriber. Then you need to make sure that the volume of this connection is smoothly adjusted with the “Listening” knob. After this, you should establish two-way communication using the “CV” button and make sure that the signals of this communication are heard with increased volume, which is adjusted using the “General” knob. When checking intra-aircraft communications, the radio communications switch must be in the position that corresponds to the radio receiver being turned on. The signals from this receiver must be heard at the appropriate volume on telephones.
Checking the access to external radio communications through the SPU-7 and radio devices installed on the aircraft is carried out simultaneously with the pre-flight check of these devices.
The radio communications switch positions on the SPU-7 subscriber unit correspond to the following aircraft radio devices:
"UKR" - VHF radio station No. 1;
"SR" - medium wave radio station;
"KR" - shortwave radio station;
“DR” - VHF radio station No. 2; .
“RK-1” - radio compass No. 1;
"RK-2" - radio compass No. 2.
By setting the “SPU-Radio” switch on the subscriber device to the “Radio” position, you should check that the transmitting devices are turned on and the receiving devices are listening.
Using the “General” knob located on the SPU subscriber unit, the volume of communication signals heard in telephones at full volume is mainly regulated. But from its position, it can be heard in phones with reduced volume. In this regard, before the flight, you must first use the “General” knob to set the required communication volume, to which the “SPU - Radio” switch is set, and then use the “Listening” knob to adjust the level of communication signals listened to at a reduced volume.
Before the flight and during the flight, you should not turn the “Listening” knob to its extreme position counterclockwise, since in this position low-volume communication signals on phones may not be heard at all. In the future, this will lead to the fact that, if necessary, establish intra-aircraft communication with. such a subscriber will need to call him using the “CV” button, and other subscribers will not be able to transmit over the external radio communication network at this time.
Subscribers who conduct radio communications during the flight are recommended to set the “SPU - Radio” switch for the entire flight to the “Radio” position, and conduct intra-plane communication using the “SPU” button. If the subscriber called for communication using the “SPU” button does not answer, you need to press the “CV” button and call him.
The subscriber who has received a circular call must use the “Listening” knob to increase the volume on the phones or set the “SPU - Radio” switch to the “SPU” position, after which he will listen with sufficient volume to the transmission conducted by other subscribers over the intra-aircraft network using the “SPU” buttons "
32. Aircraft loudspeaker device SGU-15
The aircraft loudspeaker device SGU-15 is designed to transmit messages to the passenger cabin by pilots or flight attendants, conduct two-way telephone communications between pilots and flight attendants, and also provide pilots with listening to external and intra-aircraft communication signals using loudspeakers.
The composition and placement on the aircraft of the SGU-15 aircraft loudspeaker device units are as follows:
amplifier U-15 - under the floor of the cockpit on the left between frames No. 5-7;
two U-2 amplifiers - in the cockpit on the radio equipment shelf near frame No. 7;
two pilot shields - one on the vertical panel of the left console and one on the right side of the cockpit canopy, near the top shield;
three DEMSh-type microphones with microphone amplifiers and buttons - one each at the pilots’ consoles and one at the flight attendant’s workplace;
15 speakers - one each on the right and left of the cockpit canopy and 13 - on panels on the right and left sides of the passenger compartment;
eight matching transformers - near the loudspeakers;
flight attendant's shield and microphone tube type TAI-43 - at the flight attendant's workplace.
U 
The SGU-15 device is powered from the main bus of the on-board DC network and consumes a current of no more than 2 A. Its power supply circuit is protected by gas station-5 “SGU”, which is installed on the gas station switchboard and also serves as a switch. Before communicating through the S GU-15, you must turn on its power supply.
On the pilot's shield (Fig. 26) there is a “Din.” to adjust the volume of signals heard through the loudspeaker, and a switch to three positions: “Pass”, “SPU” and “BP”. In order to ensure high-quality transmission when using the SGU microphone, it should be placed at a distance of 1-2 cm from the corner of the mouth and rotated at an angle of 20-30° relative to the speaker’s face.
To maintain external radio communications by a pilot via SGU-15, it is necessary to:
on the SPU-7 subscriber device, connect to the desired radio device;
Set the switch on the pilot's shield to the "SPU" position.
The transmission can be carried out through the headset microphone by pressing the “Radio” button, or through the microphone of the SGU-15 kit by pressing the button on it.
Communications are monitored through telephones and loudspeakers. The volume in telephones can be adjusted from the SPU subscriber device, in the loudspeaker - with the “Din” knob. from the pilot's shield. If the “SPU - Radio” switch on the SPU subscriber device is set to the “SPU” position, then similarly you can communicate via the intra-aircraft network.
To notify passengers, the pilot must set the switch on the pilot’s shield to the “Pass.” position. and broadcast through the SSU microphone. At the same time, both this transmission and communications carried out over the internal and external networks are heard through the loudspeaker at a reduced volume. At the same time, through the headset phones, the communication is listened to as usual when it is conducted through the SPU.
When the switch on at least one pilot's shield is in the "Pass" position, the flight attendant is disconnected from the passenger notification network.
To conduct two-way communication between a pilot and a flight attendant, you must:
set the “Network 1-2” switch on the SPU subscriber device to the “Network 1” position; set the switch on the pilot’s control panel to the “BP” position;
call a flight attendant by pressing the call button; transmit through the SSU microphone.
If the pilot is called by a flight attendant (the “Flight Attendant” light on the right console lights up), the pilot communicates with him in the same way.
If the switches on the control panels of both pilots are in the “BP” position and the radio communication switches on all SPU subscriber devices are set to the same position, then the conversation on the pilot-flight attendant network is monitored in the phones of the flight radio operator and navigator without the ability to adjust the volume on their SPU subscriber devices. To be able to make adjustments, it is necessary to set the radio communications switch on at least one SPU subscriber device to a different position.
33. Radio receiver US-8
Purpose, composition and main characteristics. The US-8 radio receiver is intended for listening to radiotelephone and radiotelegraph signals. The US-8 device, together with the R-836 transmitter, forms a short-wave transceiver radio station.
Rice. 27. US-8 receiver control panel:
1
- remote control switching button; 2
- “Settings” knob
The US-8 radio receiver includes a receiver, two control panels, a remote control switch and a power supply.
The receiver includes a superheterodyne radio receiver and the main part of the remote control system. The control panels (Fig. 27) are similar in purpose and design and are intended for remote control of the receiver.
The remote control switch is a relay device and ensures that control of the receiver is switched to one or another remote control.
The power supply includes a transformer and a rectifier and is designed to convert an alternating voltage of 115 V with a frequency of 400 Hz of the on-board network into direct and alternating voltages necessary to power the receiver. The receiver, power supply and remote control switch are located in the cockpit on the right between frames No. 4-6.
The US-8 radio receiver has medium-wave and short-wave ranges. The device is powered from the main buses of the on-board network of direct and alternating single-phase currents. Direct current consumption - no more than 6.5 A, alternating current - about 1.2 A; The power circuits are protected: for direct current - AZS-2 "PRM KB", installed on the gas station switchboard, for alternating current - by fuse SP-2, located on the AC panel. In addition, each control panel is equipped with one 5 and 2 A fuse, which protect the receiver's power circuits for direct and alternating current, respectively.
Principle of operation. The US-8 receiver is designed for receiving amplitude-modulated radiotelephone and radiotelegraph
signals.
It is assembled using a superheterodyne circuit with one frequency conversion.
The receiver of amplitude modulated signals performs the following main functions:
from all signals received by the antenna, it selects the signal of the frequency band to which it is tuned;
amplifies the allocated voltage to the value necessary for normal operation of the detector;.
detects amplified voltage, i.e. extracts low (audio) frequency voltage from it;
amplifies the voltage of audio frequencies to the value necessary for normal operation of the output device (in the simplest case, telephones or loudspeakers).
Thus, the main functions of the receiver are to isolate the useful signal and amplify it.
To characterize the ability of a receiver to isolate a signal to the frequency of which it is tuned, the concept of receiver selectivity is used. Selectivity is ensured by oscillatory circuits.
Amplification of oscillations in the receiver is carried out using amplifiers assembled on electronic tubes or semiconductor triodes.
In order for the receiver to provide reception of small signals and, therefore, communication over long distances, it must have the best possible selectivity and high gain. However, it is technically difficult to obtain good selectivity using circuits tuned to a relatively high frequency of the received signal, as well as to provide the required high-frequency voltage amplification. In this regard, most receivers carry out frequency conversion, that is, they convert the high-frequency voltage of the received signal into a lower voltage, the so-called intermediate frequency. In this case, the modulation of the oscillations is preserved, i.e., the ultimately useful signal remains unchanged. A radio receiver that uses frequency conversion is called a superheterodyne receiver.
Let's consider the purpose of the elements of the block diagram of the US-8 receiver (Fig. 28). The input circuit is an oscillatory circuit and provides
Rice. 28. Block diagram of the US-8 receiver
preliminary selectivity, i.e. it partially suppresses interference, highlighting the useful signal. A variable capacitor is connected in series with the antenna and input circuit. The capacitance value of the capacitor is changed using the “Antenna Adjustment” push switch installed on the control panel and an electric motor, which is located in the receiver and rotates the capacitor rotor. Depending on which direction the switch is pressed, the direction of rotation of the electric motor rotor changes, which ensures an increase or decrease in the capacitance of the capacitor. This adjusts the receiver input, which is necessary due to the fact that the parameters of the antenna depend on its length and the frequency of the received signal.
Thus, when adjusting the receiver frequency, its input should also be adjusted.
A high frequency voltage amplifier (UHF) amplifies the voltage of the received signal and at the same time its circuits improve the selectivity of the receiver.
The local oscillator and mixer are a frequency converter. A local oscillator is a self-oscillator. The input of the mixer receives oscillations of the local oscillator and the received signal, as a result of which the voltage of their difference, i.e., intermediate frequency, is obtained at its output.
An intermediate frequency voltage amplifier (IFV) is designed to amplify this voltage. Its circuits provide the receiver with basic adjacent channel selectivity, i.e., selectivity with respect to interference that is close in frequency to the received signal. The IF circuits do not change when tuning the receiver, since the intermediate frequency remains unchanged. This is achieved by the fact that when tuning to the same value, the high-frequency circuits (input circuit and UHF) and local oscillator are tuned, so the difference in their tuning frequencies (intermediate frequency) does not change.
The signal detector extracts the audio frequency voltage, which amplitude modulates the intermediate frequency voltage. A low frequency amplifier (LFA) amplifies the vibrations of sound frequencies that come from the detector by voltage and power. From the ULF output, voltage is supplied to the telephones through the receiver remote control and the SPU subscriber unit.
The second local oscillator is intended for listening (“sounding”) telegraph tone-unmodulated signals and is a self-oscillator. The difference between it and the intermediate frequency is equal to the low (sound) frequency. When the second local oscillator is turned on, its voltage is applied to the input of the signal detector, where it also receives (during the reception of a package - “dots” or “dashes”) the intermediate frequency voltage. As a result of the addition of two voltages, oscillations are obtained, the amplitude of which changes with the difference frequency of the added oscillations, i.e., with the sound frequency. The detector releases this audio frequency voltage and, after amplification, it is supplied to the phones. Thus, the audio frequency tone is heard in telephones only while the correspondent is receiving a signal.
The automatic gain control (AGC) system is designed to maintain an almost constant voltage at the receiver output (volume in phones) regardless of the size of the received signal. The operating principle of the AGC is that it automatically changes the gain of the received signal by the receiver (UHF and amplifier) depending on the magnitude of this signal at the output of the amplifier and, consequently, at the input of the receiver. If, for example, the received signal increases, then the voltage at the output of the amplifier (at the input of the AGC) will become greater than the specified level. As a result, the AGC will reduce the voltage amplification by the UHF and IF cascades, so the voltage at the output of the IF will again become almost equal to its set value. When the received signal decreases, the process opposite to that described will occur.
The AGC system changes the voltage gain of the UHF and IF cascades by changing the bias voltage on the control grids of the lamps of these cascades. The US-8 receiver uses a delay AGC. This AGC turns on automatically and begins to operate only when the voltage at the output of the amplifier (the signal at the receiver input) exceeds a preset level.
The presence of AGC eliminates the need to manually adjust the volume in phones, which would change when moving away from the transmitter or approaching it, and also reduces volume fluctuations in phones due to attenuation of radio waves that occur under certain conditions of propagation of these waves.
The receiver has the ability to switch to operation with manual gain control (without AGC), which is necessary due to the fact that it is tuned to the desired frequency based on the maximum output, i.e., the maximum volume in phones. If the AGC is turned on during setup, then with small detuning of the circuits it maintains the voltage at the receiver output unchanged in value, and the volume in the phones will not change. Only with a significant detuning of the circuits, when they reduce the useful signal to the level of switching off (delay) of the AGC, will the volume in the phones decrease. Thus, the accuracy of receiver tuning when AGC is turned on will be poor, so it must be configured in a mode with manual gain control (“Without AGC”). However, if there is attenuation of radio waves (sudden changes in volume in phones), it is recommended to configure the receiver in the “With AGC” mode.
The fly-by-wire (EDC) system provides full remote control of the receiver from the control panel.
Setup and management. The receiver's controls are located on its control panel (see Fig. 27). The operating mode switch has five positions:
"Off" - to turn off the receiver;
“TLF with AGC” and “TLF without AGC” - to enable the mode of receiving radiotelephone and radiotelegraph tone-modulated signals with automatic (“With AGC”) or manual (“Without AGC”) adjustment of their gain by the receiver;
“TLG with AGC” and “TLG without AGC” - for operation in the mode of receiving radiotelegraph tone-unmodulated signals with automatic or manual adjustment of their gain; at these switch positions, the second local oscillator of the receiver is turned on.
Pen "Per. tone" (“Tone adjustment”) serves to change the frequency of the second local oscillator, which leads to a change in the pitch of the telephone. This is the knob of a potentiometer that is part of a system called a reactive tube and allows you to change the frequency of the local oscillator.
The “RG” and “RU” knobs (“Volume control and gain control”) are mounted on the common axis of the rheostat and potentiometer. In the “With AGC” mode, the rheostat is connected in series with the phones and this makes it possible to adjust the volume on the phones. In the “Without AGC” mode, a potentiometer is turned on, with which the gain of the receiver is adjusted, which also leads to a change in the volume in the phones.
Push switch "Adjustment" ant." (“Antenna trim”) is used to control the receiver input trim motor.
Switch "Narrow - Wide" designed to enable narrow or wide bandwidth frequencies by the receiver. When its position is “Narrow.” A quartz frequency filter is included in one of the UGGCH circuits. The narrow band is turned on to protect against interference and only when receiving radiotelegraph signals (a radiotelephone signal, compared to a radiotelegraph signal, occupies a wider frequency band, so when the narrow band is turned on, it practically does not pass through the receiver).
Switch button remote controller." serves to switch control of the receiver to one or another remote control. The subband switch has five positions. The frequency subbands of the receiver are switched remotely by switching the inductors of the circuits.
The “Tuning” knob is used to smoothly adjust the receiver frequency. Structurally, it combines two knobs, one of which provides fast, and the other slow, but more precise adjustment of the receiver. The angles of rotation of the handles are transmitted to the rotor of the variable capacitor unit of the receiver using a synchro system.
The receiver tuning frequency is measured on a scale located above the subband switching knob.
Before setting up the receiver, you must turn on the gas station-2 “PRM KB” on the gas station switchboard and connect to the receiver from the SPU subscriber device, after which the controls on the remote control are set to their original position:
mode switch - to the “TLF B ARU” or “TLG B ARU” position, depending on the type of operation of the received transmitter;
handle “RG and RU” - to the extreme right position; "Narrow" switch - “Wide.” - to the “Wide” position. If, after turning on the receiver, the frequency scale is not highlighted, you need to switch the receiver control to this remote control by pressing the “Switch” button. remote controller.".
To tune the receiver to a given frequency, you must: turn on the appropriate subband;
use the quick tuning knob to set approximately the frequency on the scale, and then use the knob to slowly rotate the scale to clarify the frequency;
turn the slow tuning knob to the right or left to achieve the maximum volume of received signals in phones;
in the case of receiving telegraph continuous oscillations with the “Reg. tone" set the desired tone of signals in phones;
switch "Adjust" ant.”, pressing it up or down, achieve the maximum volume of received signals and the least noise in the phones.
For the receiver to operate, you must enable the “Without AGC” mode and use the “RG and RU” knob to set the desired volume of signals in the phones.
If sudden changes in the volume of the correspondent’s signals occur in the phones (due to attenuation of radio waves due to the characteristics of their propagation), then it is recommended to configure the settings in the “With AGC” receiver operating mode.
After setting up the receiver (before the flight), turn the “RG and RU” and “Per. tone" make sure that the corresponding adjustments are smooth. If there is interference to radio reception, you need the “Narrow” switch. - Shir." set to the “Narrow” position, then use the “Settings” knob to adjust the receiver to the maximum volume of received signals.
It is advisable to turn on a narrow frequency bandwidth by the receiver when receiving radiotelegraph signals. Turning it on when receiving a radiotelephone transmission usually results in
to the impossibility of reception due to a decrease in the volume of signals in telephones (as a result of suppression of the side-frequency components of the modulated signal).
If the receiver fails, you need to check the inclusion of the gas station-2 “PRM KB” on the gas station switchboard and replace the SP-2 fuse with the same inscription on the AC panel. If it is impossible to work from one or both control panels, you should replace the fuses on one or both, respectively remote control.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
AIRCRAFT INTERCOMING DEVICE SPU-8
SET AND PLACEMENT
The main elements of an aircraft intercom are:
Low frequency amplifier with power supply
Subscriber devices
Switching devices
The AA1 subscriber device is a switching device and an isolating amplifier, with the help of which the aircraft headset is connected to selected radio devices, switching communication networks, accessing circular communication and separately adjusting the volume level of signals.
AA1 subscriber sets are installed at the workplaces of pilots, navigators and radio operators.
At the pilots' workplaces, the navigator's upper panel, the radio operator's panel, the senior on-board technician and the operator, reservation switches RESERVE - SPU are installed.
The selective communication panel is installed on the crew commander's protection and cargo hatch control panel under the AA1 subscriber unit.
The trigger is installed on the handle of the steering wheel: for the crew commander - on the left handle, for the assistant commander - on the right.
CONTROLS
The controls are located on the subscriber unit AA1, ShchIS-1. On the front panel AA1 (Fig. 1) there are:
Switch SPU - RAD, designed to select the preferred network (main)
NETWORK 1-2 switch for connecting the subscriber device to one of two communication networks
Radio communications switch RAD, connecting the start circuit and the aircraft headset to the selected radio device during installation
UK1 - to the radio station R-862-1 UK2 - to the radio station R-862-2 KR - to the radio station R-847 T No. 1 SR - to radio station R-847T No. 2
DR1 - to the localizer KUSR-MP-2-I
DR2 - to the localizer KUSR-MP-2-II DP - to the RSBN-7S or SDK-67 receiver when it is turned on
RK1 - to the ARK-15-1 or ARK-U2 r/compass when it is turned on
RK2 - to radio compass ARK-15-11
LIST switch connects the receiver output, which needs to be listened to additionally.
| - |
The switch position corresponds to the positions of the RAD switch. OFF position not used.
The Central Bank button for a circular (general) call to all subscribers of the network switches subscriber devices into the mode of circular communication between all subscribers, regardless of the position of the switches on them (this ensures that all subscribers can listen to the call signal with maximum volume) knobs of the potentiometers RAD, SPU, TRANSPORT. are designed to adjust the volume of signals in phones.
The RAD regulator regulates the volume of signals from the output of receivers selected by the radio communications switch. The SPU regulator regulates the volume of intra-aircraft communication signals.
LIST knob adjusts the volume of signals from the output of receivers selected for additional drying.
Selective communication panel ShchIS-1 (Fig. 2) designed for the crew commander to selectively call any of the five crew members. Switches on the front panel. ShchIS-1 are used to transfer the subscriber unit of the crew commander and the called subscriber to the selective network. Using switches you can call:
AB1 - navigator
AB2 - radio operator
ABZ - senior onboard technician
AB4 - stern operator
AB5 - crew commander
The SPU - RADIO trigger provides pilots with access to external and internal radio communications. When the trigger is pressed until the first click, access to internal radio communication is provided, until the second click
To external radio communication.
COMMAND RADIO R-862M
SET AND PLACEMENT
The aircraft is equipped with two sets of P-862M. The first set has a built-in emergency VHF receiver, the second set has a built-in emergency UHF receiver. The transceiver of the first set is located in the technical compartment of the radio equipment, on the starboard side, on the radio shelf, between frames No. 12A and 13. The transceiver of the second set is located under the transceiver of the first set. Radio control panels (two remote controls per set) are located on the pilot's upper panel and on the radio operator's dashboard: With The remote control of the first set is installed on the left side, and the second set on the right.
The AShS-GM antennas of the first set are installed in the lower part of the fuselage, along the axis of symmetry of the aircraft, between frames No. 23 and 24; second com-
plect - in the upper part of the fuselage, to the right of the axis of symmetry of the aircraft, between frames No. 14 and 15.
CONTROLS
The radio station is controlled remotely, carried out from the control panel (Fig. 3). On the control panels of the radio station of pilots and radio operators are located:
- a dialing (ND) or storage (memory) device designed to select one of 20 fixed, pre-configured communication frequencies (with a memory) or any of 9200 frequencies (with a memory);
AP switch for connecting listening to the emergency receiver;
AP lamp for light indication of reception of a signal from an emergency radio station;
PN switch to turn on the receiver noise suppressor;
AM-FM switch for selecting the type of operation of the radio station;
UPR switch to enable control of the radio station from this remote control;
UPR lamp for signaling that control has been taken from this remote control.
COMMUNICATION RADIO STATION R-847T
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. Reference generator receiver - exciter power supply unit and power amplifier are installed in the rear part of the fuselage, between frames No. 82-85.
2. P7T-G control panels are installed on the panel of the pilots' right control panel.
3. The LVP antenna is a rigid metal structure and is made in the form of a nose spinner of the keel fairing.
4. The ANTENNA switch has three positions: KV1, PRD KV1/PRM KV2, KV2 provides two-way communication via the radio station KV1 (position
HF1) and on the radio station HF2 (position HF2) or transmitting on the radio station HF1 and receiving on the radio station HF2 (position PRD HF1/PRM HF2).
CONTROLS
On the pilot's control panel (Fig. 4) there are controls and alarms for the operation of the radio station:
Switch ON -RADIST, designed to connect the control panel to the radio station. If it is set to the RADIST position, the radio station is controlled from the radio operator's console. The connection of the control panel to the radio station is signaled by the illumination of the control panel backlight lamps and the corresponding indicator lamps;
Switch for types of work AM-OM. In the AM position, the radio station operates in telephone mode with amplitude modulation, in the OM position - in single-sideband modulation mode;
The CHANNEL switch is designed to tune the radio station to one of 18 communication frequencies preset on the memory device;
- The RRU-AGR switch is designed to change the receiver gain control mode. In the AGC position, the signal gain control by the receiver is automatic, the signal volume is changed with the VOLUME control, in the RRU position with the VOLUME control. manual adjustment of the receiver gain is carried out;
SELF-CONTROL handle serves to adjust the volume of self-listening signals when transmitting;
The PRM display indicates that the radio station is ready to operate in the “Receive” mode.
- the PRM display indicates that the radio station is ready to transmit, while the PRM display goes out;
The red signal lamp RADIATION lights up in time with the transmitted information, at the same time the PRD display lights up;
Scoreboard NAST. signals that the radio station is operating in readjustment mode, while the PRM display lights up at full intensity. It is not possible to use the radio at this time;
The TERMO board lights up when the thermal conditions in the radio station blocks are violated. When the THERMO board is triggered, the radio station can only operate for reception;
The BARO display lights up when the pressure in sealed blocks drops below 460mm. rt. Art. The radio station can only be used for reception.
USE IN FLIGHT
1. Before turning on the power, set the controls on the P7T-G pilot's console to their original position:
Set the ON-RADIOIST switch to the ON position;
Set the AM-OM switch to the AM position;
Set the AGC-RRU switch to position a AGC;
- Use the CHANNEL switch to set the communication channel.
2. Power on:
At RU24, RU42, RU44 turn on NPP KB1, KB2;
At RU22 turn on the NPP: DEVICES. BOARD 2 LINE OF RIGHTS; SECOND LINE RADISTER;
Turn on the power to SPU-8.
3. On the SPU-8 subscriber unit of the right pilot install:
Radio communications switch RAD. - to the KR position;
Volume control RAD. - at maximum volume;
Switch SPU-RAD. - to the RAD position.
Check the connection of the aircraft headset to the SPU connector.
4. On the radio operator's panel:
Set the ANTENNA switch to position HF1;
Turn on the power supply to the R-847T No. 1 using the KV1 switch.
AIRCRAFT TAPE RECORDER MS-61
SET AND PLACEMENT.
Two recording devices with one control panel are installed. The main and backup recording devices are completely identical. To preserve sound cassettes, recording devices are placed in armored sealed casings, which are painted orange and installed on the frame on the left side, between frames No. 68-70.
The control panel is installed on the crew commander's protection and cargo hatch control panel. Switch CHECK MS-61 and
light display FAILURE MAIN. MS-61 are installed at the crew commander’s workplace next to the tape recorder control panel.
CASE FOR SPARE CASSETTES MS-61B is designed for storing cassettes. The tape recorder is not included. Located in the technical compartment on the right side. on frame No. 14
CONTROLS.
1.
Toggle switch "ON - OFF" - to turn on the power.
2. Toggle switch "CONTINUOUS OPERATION AUTO START" to select the operating mode of the tape recorder.
3. Toggle switch "SPU - LAR" - in LAR mode, the recording amplifier is directly connected to the microphone of the flight commander's headset.
4. “Recording” lamp - signals the operation of the tape recorder.
5. "BACKLIGHT" knob - to adjust the brightness of the remote control backlight.
4.3 OPERATIONAL CHECK AND USE IN FLIGHT
The tape recorder is turned on before starting the engines, and turned off after the engines have completely stopped.
On the tape recorder control panel, set the SPU-LAR switch to the SPU position, the AUTO START - CONTINUOUS OPERATION switch to the CONTINUOUS OPERATION position, the power switch is ON. -OFF - to ON position. Make sure that the RECORD and BACKLIGHT lamps are lit, the BACKLIGHT knob adjusts the brightness of the remote control backlight. Press the RADIO trigger until the first click and by the presence of self-listening of your program and the RECORD lamp lighting, make sure that the main tape recorder is capable of recording.
Set the SPU-LAR switch to the LAR position. Speak the specified text into the microphone of the aircraft headset. By the presence of self-listening, make sure that the main tape recorder is working. Press the TEST MS-61V switch in
RESERVE position and check the backup tape recorder in the SPU and LAR modes. In this case, the MAIN FAILURE display will light up. MS-61B. The RECORD lamp remains lit. Release the handle of the switch CHECK MS-61V. Display FAILURE MAIN. MS-61 B will go out. During flight, use the "Continuous operation" mode. In the LAR mode, the crew commander is disconnected from access to external and internal radio communications, and listening to commands and signals with a reduced volume is ensured.
SET AND PLACEMENT.
1. The flight attendant shield is installed on the radio shelf of the technical compartment of the cockpit (frames 12-13).
2. Two U-15P amplifiers are installed on the radio shelf in the technical compartment of the cockpit (frames 12-13).
3. SGU-15 microphones are located at the workstations of the crew commander and crew, and are connected to subscriber devices.
4. The SGU-15 volume control is installed on the crew commander's panel. It is used to reduce the acoustic coupling between the crew commander's microphone and the loudspeakers.
5. Sound speakers are installed on the left and right sides of the cargo compartment, 10 speakers are installed along each side (speaker unit BGR-14).
CONTROLS.
1. Microphones SGU-15 are connected to subscriber devices and are used to notify personnel.
2. The SGU-15 volume control is used to reduce the acoustic coupling between the crew commander's microphone and the loudspeakers.
SET AND PLACEMENT
The aircraft is equipped with two sets of ARK-15M. (The first set is installed on the left side, the second on the right side).
The first and second sets of radio compasses include:
Receivers located in the shp area. No. 48;
Control panels (two per set) located on the pilot's upper panel and on the navigator's instrument panel;
Frame antennas located in the upper part of the fuselage, under the radio-transparent fairing along the axis of symmetry, in the area of sp. No. 50;
Omnidirectional loop antennas located on a radio-transparent radome (on the left - 1 set, on the right - 2 sets);
Matching devices located near the input of omnidirectional antennas.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. The antenna unit is located in the bottom cutout No. 28 and is covered with a radio-transparent insert.
2. The antenna amplifier is located next to the antenna unit. 3. The R-852 receiver with switching room is located at the radio operator’s workplace, in the area of shp. No. 11.
The front panel of the R-852 receiver contains:
Channel switch for tuning the receiver to four fixed frequencies;
RRG regulator for adjusting the signal volume.
1 . The control circuit block is located in the upper part of the fuselage, in the area of sp. No. 11.
2. The control panel is located on the pilot’s upper panel (Fig. 7 ).
On the 
The front panel of the remote control contains:
ON switch for turning on the power;
Switch L-FRAME-P, designed for manual rotation;
Framework for performance testing;
FEELINGS V-M switch, designed to change the amount of braking torque of the frame rotation motor.
3. The AShS-GM antenna is located in the upper part of the fuselage along the axis of symmetry, in the area
sp. No. 11.
4. The VSUP-2 indicator is located on the navigator’s instrument panel.
KIT AND PLACEMENT OF RV-5M
Two sets of radio altimeters are installed on the aircraft, and their synchronous operation is ensured.
The first set (radio altimeter RV-5M) includes:
The transceiver is located in the technical compartment, in the shp area. No. 51; horn transmitting antenna, located in the lower part of the fuselage along the axis of symmetry, sp. No. 4 9;
The receiving antenna is a horn located in the lower part of the fuselage along the axis of symmetry, sp. No. 52;
Altitude indicators (2 pcs.): UV-5M-1 - on the left pilot’s instrument panel (main indicator with a scale of up to 750 m), UV-5RM-1 with a scale of up to 1000 m - on the navigator’s instrument panel;
"DANGER ALTITUDE" display on the left pilot's instrument panel (the signal on the display is issued only from the left pilot's UV-5M-1 indicator);
"TURN OFF RV-5" display and power switch RV-5 LEV. on the left horizontal panel;
The second set (radio altimeter RV-5M) includes:
Transceiver installed in the front trunk, sp. No. 33;
Antennas, receiving and transmitting, located at the bottom of the fuselage along the axis of symmetry, respectively sp. No. 35-38;
Altitude indicators (2 pcs.) with a scale up to 750m - on the right pilot's instrument panel. UV-5M-4 above the left pilot’s instrument panel (additional indicator with a scale of up to 120 m);
The "DANGEROUS ALTITUDE" display is on the right pilot's instrument panel; the signal on the display is issued only from the right pilot's UV-5M-1 indicator;
“TURN OFF RV-5” display and power switch RV-5 RIGHT. on the right vertical panel.
Signals on the “TURN OFF RV-5” display of both sets come from altitude alarms (barorelay SVU-12-1A), starting from an altitude of 2500m. When the aircraft descends to an altitude of 2500m or less, the barrel ensures that the radio altimeters are turned on regardless of the position of the RV-5 LEV power switches. (RIGHT).
SVU-12-1A is installed in the lower part of the fuselage, under the KP-2V antenna fairing.
USE IN FLIGHT
In flight, radio altimeters do not require controls or adjustments. They are turned on after the engines are started. At temperatures below -20° C
Ready to work time is 10-15 minutes after switching on. At an ambient temperature of +60C, radio altimeters can operate for no more than 15-20 minutes.
When flying outside the operating range, at altitudes of 1000 - 2000m, the indicator arrows will be set to darkened sectors of the scales.
IF they are not turned off, at an altitude of 2500m the “TURN OFF RV-5” sign will light up based on a signal from the SVU-12-1A. In the future, when descending, the SVU-12-1A will automatically turn on the radio altimeters at an altitude of 2500m, if they were turned off.
When flying over mountainous areas, do not turn on the radio altimeters. Set the target altitude index to 700m. The “TURN OFF RV-5” display will be constantly lit.
Radio altimeters provide data on the true flight altitude at roll and pitch angles of no more than 15°. At roll and pitch angles of more than 15°, the measurement error increases; for roll and pitch angles over 30°, do not use altimeter readings.
When flying over a thick layer of ice and snow, radio altimeters measure altitude with a larger error, since the measurement is made from the lower edge of the ice and snow cover. True altitude is measured only over wet ice and snow.
If the radio altimeter fails in flight at altitudes below 750 m, a blanker will open on the scale of the corresponding indicator. After landing, radio altimeters must be turned off.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. Monoblock receivers - for receiving, converting and separating azimuth and range channels, signals from navigation and landing radio beacons. It consists of two ADPK-1 receiving devices, a signal combining unit and an FAI unit, located on the shock-absorbing frame. Located in the technical compartment of the pilot's cabin, on the shelf on the starboard side, between the shanks. No. 9-10
2. The BIO monoblock consists of an azimuth and range measurement unit (VIAD), an interface unit (IC), and an evaluation unit (EP), located on the shock-absorbing frame. Performs azimuth and range measurements. Returns values az. And. range in UVK for correction of current coordinates, as well as GOT signals. A and GOT. D in UVK and on indicator blenders. Converts measured azimuth and range values into indicator readings. Located next to SZD-PM.
3. The switching monoblock consists of a landing signal switching unit (LSB) and a relay unit (BR), installed on a common shock-absorbing frame. Located next to BIO.
The BKP is used to connect the output signals of the landing channels RSBN-7S and KURS-MP-2 to the SAU-1T-2B and NPP and KPP devices, as well as for automatically connecting the landing channels of the second set
if the first one fails. The BR provides separate adjustment of the ADPC-1 receivers and the SZD-PM transmitter in the "NAVIGATION", "NAVIGATION-LANDING" and "LANDING" modes. In addition, the relay unit provides communication between the RSBN-7S equipment and the TKS-P, UVK, KURS-MP2 , SDK-67.
4. The navigation channel switching panel (SHPNK) and the T4-U2B display, signaling the connection of the systems to the "LANDING" mode, are located at the navigator's workplace.
5. The landing channel switching panel (CHPKP) is located on the navigation and landing panel of the pilot's upper flap.
6. The radio systems selector (SRTS) is located on the navigation and landing panel.
7. Radio range indicator (IDR-2). One indicator is located on the left pilot's instrument panel, the other on the navigator's instrument panel.
8. Digital azimuth indicator (TsIL-1) - on the navigator's instrument panel.
OPERATIONAL CHECK
INCLUSION. Make sure that:
Network protection circuit breakers on RU26 RSBN; on RU24 RSVN-RIGHT, SIGNAL; on RU23 RSBN-LEV; on RU22 RSBN-PION, RSBN BIO SZD are included;
On the SPU subscriber device, the WIRE switch. stands in the DP position;
VOLUME switch ON on the SDK-67 control panel is in the off position. On the navigation and landing panel, turn on the RSBN-7S POWER toggle switch. Depending on the set operating mode, the NAVIGATION or LANDING display or both displays will light up on the SCHPKN.
If the RSBN-7S equipment receives signals from ground-based radio beacons, the indicator blankers will open indicating the serviceability of the range and azimuth channels, and the range and azimuth will be indicated. The call signs of the radio beacon are listened to in the telephones at the pilots', navigators' and radio operators' workplaces.
USE IN FLIGHT
To ensure high reliability, the channels of the onboard equipment are duplicated.
The "NAVIGATION" mode is activated on the control panel. At the same time, the NAVIGATS display will light up on the ShchPKN panel. Install a working channel on the ShchPKN. If the aircraft is within the range of radio beacons, blankers will rise on TsIA-1 and IDR-2, and the instruments will show the range and azimuth of the aircraft relative to the beacons.
The transition to working with another beacon is made from the ShchPKN panel. Based on the azimuth and range signals, the aircraft coordinates calculated in the UVK are corrected. When the IDENTIFICATION toggle switch is turned on, the mark on the ground PPI bifurcates. The radio beacon's call signs are transmitted via the ground indication channel.
The "NAVIGATION-LANDING" mode is set on the control panel. At the same time, the “NAVIGATION” sign on the control panel will light up. and "LANDING". When the mode is turned on, the SZD-PM transmitter and the second ADPK-1 (right) operate in the “NAVIGATION” mode. The working channel is installed on the ShchPKN. If the aircraft is within the range of radio beacons, the azimuth and range to this radio beacon are displayed on TsIA-1 and IDR-2. UVK correction, operation of the ground identification channel and ground indication are provided, and the radio beacon call signs are listened to. If the azimuth and rangefinder channels fail, the instrument readings are crossed out.
The first ADPC-1 (left) operates in the “LANDING” mode. The landing channel is installed on the ShchPKP panel. On the RTS selector, the system switch is set to the CATET position. At the same time, the navigator’s RSBN display will light up; if the aircraft enters the PRMG-4 (PRMG-5) coverage area, the READY display will light up on the control panel. K, READY. The GOT display on the RTS selector will light up. P, GOT. K1, at the checkpoint the blankers K and G will be closed; signals of deviation from the equal-signal zones of the course and glide path are issued to the checkpoint and checkpoint ACS system.
If the heading and glide path channels fail, the GOT display on the RTS selector goes out. K1, GOT. G1, at ShchPKP - READY. K, READY. D, the blenders will open at the NPP.
The "LANDING" MODE is turned on when the mode switch on the control panel is set to the POS position. and the RTS selector switch to the LINE position. The “LANDING” sign will light up on the control panel, and on the navigator’s instrument panel - "RSBN" scoreboard. Use the channel switch on the ShchPKP panel to set the landing channel.
If the aircraft enters the PRMG-4 (PRMG-5) coverage area, the READY sign on the control panel will light up. G, READY. K, on the RTS selector there is a GOT display. K1, GOT. G1, GOT. K11, GOT. G11. Blenders K and G will be closed at all checkpoints.
When the landing mode is turned on, the azimuth channel stops working, and the rangefinder channel of both receivers works with the rangefinder repeater installed on the PRMG-4 glide path beacon. IDR-2 will show the distance to the taxiway. Signals from PRMG-4 (PRMG-5) are sent to the ACS at the position bars of the NPP and gearbox. To stabilize the aircraft to the equal-signal zones of course and glide path during manual control, it is necessary to hold the bar at the flight control point and checkpoint.
place in the middle of the circle. During automatic landing, the aircraft is stabilized by the SAU-1T-2V system.
If the first receiver fails, the second receiver is automatically connected, and the GOT display on the SRTS goes out. K1, GOT. G1.
If the second receiver fails, the GOT display goes out. K11, GOT. 11. If the system fails during landing, the display on the RTS selector and READY will go out. K, READY. G on the ShchPKP shield.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. The equipment of the KURS-MP-2 system consists of two identical semi-sets that operate independently of one another. Each semi-set includes: localizer radio receiver KRP-200P, glide path radio receiver GRP-20PM, navigation device UN-2P, readiness signal block BSG, marker receiver MRP-ZPM. (The listed equipment is combined into a monoblock on a shock-absorbing frame and is located on the starboard side of the navigator’s cabin, between pins No. 4-10).
2. Indicators of heading angles (three) are installed on the instrument panels of the pilots and navigator.
3. BUP amplifiers (three) are located next to IKU-1A.
4. Course selectors (two) are located on the pilots’ instrument panels,
5. The control units of the first and second sets, the SP-50 balance unit, the RTS selector, as well as the KURS-MP - POWER and MARKER toggle switches, the IKU-1 switch are installed on the pilot’s upper panel.
6. The ILS-VOR switch is on the right horizontal pilot control panel.
7. The marker receiver display (two) is located on the pilots’ instrument panels.
8. The mode switching display is located on the navigator's dashboard.
9. The marker receiver antenna (one) is located in the lower part of the fuselage, between frames No. 44-45. To receive signals from radio beacons VOR, ILS, SP-50, the front unit of the PION-NP-76 antenna-feeder system, located under the KP-2 antenna radome, is used.
PRE-FLIGHT CHECK
1. Set the mode switch on the RTS selector to the VOR position, and the VOR display on the RTS selector and on the navigator’s instrument panel will light up.
2. Set the IKU-1 switch to the LEV position. FLIGHT, set the switches on IKU-1A to the VOR1, VOR2 position, set the ILS-VOR switch to the ILS position.
3. On the control units of each half-set, dial the frequency of the VOR beacon. If the aircraft is in the coverage area of the VOR beacon, the GOT display on the RTS selector will light up. K1, GOT. K2, at the pilots’ and navigators’ checkpoints the K blankers will be closed.
4. To listen to the call sign of the VOR beacon on the SPU-8 subscriber unit, switch BRAND. set to position DR1, (DR2) for the first (second) half-set.
5. Perform a similar check of the equipment in the SP-50 and ILS modes. At the same time, the SP and ILS displays, as well as the GOT display, will light up on the RTS selector and the navigator’s display. K1, GOT. K2, GOT. G1, GOT. G2. Blankers K and G at the control point will close if the aircraft is within the coverage area of the course and glide path beacons.
USE IN FLIGHT
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. The SDK-67 block is designed to generate coded request pulses, receive and decode response beacon signals.
Located in the cargo compartment on the left side, in the shp area. No. 26.
2. The control panel is designed to turn on the rangefinder, select the operating frequency and operating mode. The control panel is located on the left horizontal panel of the pilot.
3. Antenna LM-001 quarter-wave monopole vibrator) is designed for receiving and transmitting vertically polarized signals. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. It is located in the lower part of the fuselage under the radio transparent fairing, in the shp area. No. 26.
4. IDR-2 from the RSBN-7S kit is located on the left pilot’s instrument panel.
USE IN FLIGHT
Turn on SDK-67, check that RSBN-7s is turned on. Set the frequency value on the scale corresponding to the working channel of the DME beacon according to the flight mission. When working with the rangefinder channel of the TASA# radio beacon, you must set the frequency value corresponding to the channel number on the control panel:
Channels 1-16 correspond to the dialed value 134.4-135.9 MHz (through 0.1 MHz);
Channels 17-59 - dialed value 108.0-12.2 MHz (every 0.1 MHz);
Channels 60-69 - dialed value 133.3-134.2 MHz (through 0.1 MHz
Channels 70-126 - dialed value 112.3-117.9 MHz (every 0.1 MHz).
Set the DME-RESERVE switches to the DME position. At the same time, the navigator’s DME display will light up and, if the aircraft is in the radio beacon area, the blanker on the IRD-2 will be removed and the range to the radio beacon will be indicated.
Adjust the volume level for listening to call signs using the VOLUME control knob. ON
If it is necessary to transfer the rangefinder to the “hot” standby state, set the DME-RE-RESERVE switch to the RESERVE position. In this case, the IDR-2 readings will be crossed out with a blanker.
If the rangefinder Channel fails, the IDR-2 blanker cancels the readings. After the flight, turn off the rangefinder.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1.
The monoblock is mounted on a folding radio-transparent fairing located in a cutout of the skin of the lower part of the aircraft fuselage, in the area
sp. No. 32.
2. Low-frequency units DISS-013 and a communication unit with other systems are located in the shp area. 3. The indicator is installed on the navigator's instrument panel.
7.2. CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
The computer has a “MEMORY” mode, in which the last values of W and B before disappearing are remembered and sent to the indicator (Fig. 15). In this case, the provision of information to external consumers stops and a search for signals is carried out.
When flying over the sea, the S-M "LAND-SEA" switch located on the indicator changes the operating mode of the computer. In this case, the calculated value of "I" increases by 1.3. The correction is due to the different nature of the reflection of radio waves from the sea surface and the appearance of the so-called offset error when measuring Doppler frequencies.
7.3. OPERATIONAL CHECK
DISS-013 is powered by a voltage of 36.115V with a frequency of 400Hz and a voltage of 27V through the DISS nuclear power plant at RU21, RU23, RU25. After turning on the nuclear power plant, the backlight of the indicator scale and the P display should light up.
After 2.5-Zmin. Set the K-P switch to position K (CONTROL). The P display should go out on the indicator and the ground speed values should be 97+19 km/h and the drift angle 0+1.5°. Set mode P (WORK). The meter goes into memory mode - the P display lights up. The readings should not change by more than +11 km/h and +1.
In addition to the indicator, the drift angle is displayed on the navigator's control panel - constantly and regardless of the operating mode of the self-propelled gun.
At the flight control point, the drift angle is given only in the operating modes of the self-propelled guns "KURS", "NAVIG." and when performing a pre-landing maneuver based on UVK signals.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1.
The A-711-1 monoblock is placed on the A-711-1 shock-absorbing frame and in the navigator’s cabin on a shelf, between frames No. 8-10. equipment, indicating operating modes and navigation parameters, is located on the navigator’s instrument panel (See Fig. 16).
2. The A-711-A loop antenna, for receiving signals from ground stations, is located in the upper part of the fuselage, between the sp. No. 51-59.
3. The A-711-2 matching unit, for amplifying signals at earth stations and transmitting them to the receiver, is located next to the loop antenna between the sp. No. 51-52.
SET AND PLACEMENT
1. The SO-63 block is designed to receive, decode request signals and generate response signals. It is located on the shock-absorbing frame in the rear part of the fuselage, in the area of sp. No. 82-83.
2. The ICAO code encoder (ICAO) is designed to decode request signals and generate response information messages in the YaB5 mode. Installed on a shock-absorbing frame in the rear fuselage.
3. Antennas of the 3-centimeter range provide visibility of the front hemisphere in the horizontal plane in a sector of angles ±90° relative to the direction of flight and +-30 C in the vertical plane. The receiving antenna AV-016 is located in the bow of the aircraft; the receiving antenna AV-014 is located on the right and left sides, between pins No. 3-4.
4. A remote video amplifier (VVA) is designed to combine and amplify video pulses from receiving antennas in the 3-centimeter range. Placed on a shock-absorbing frame on the forward part of the fuselage in the navigator's cabin.
5. The SO-63 control panel and the ICAO encoder control panel are designed to control the transponder during flights on intra-Union international airlines. Located on the left vertical panel of the pilot.
6. The blanking attachment is designed to protect the responder from the influence of other systems on its operation. Located next to block SO-63.
7.
Transceiver antenna AZ-018 with a radiation pattern of 360° in the horizontal and ±30° in the vertical plane. Designed to receive interrogatives and transmit a response
signals when operating in ATC and RSP modes. Placed symmetrically at the top of the keel
aircraft axis.
8. AM-001 receiving and transmitting antenna with a radiation pattern of 360 in the horizontal plane and ±30 in the vertical plane. Designed for receiving and transmitting UHF signals during flights on international airlines. Located in the lower part of the fuselage, in the area of sp. No. 55 on the left. 1.2. CONTROLS
All controls for the transponder are located on the SO-63 control unit and ICAO.
The SO-63 control panel (Fig. 17) contains:
Switch SO-63 to turn on the transponder's power supply;
CONTROL button, to check the operability of the transponder from the built-in control circuit;
CONTROL lamp, to indicate the response and serviceability of the transponder;
SIGN button to turn on the individual identification signal;
WAVE switch for selecting fixed transponder frequencies;
Toggle switch EMERGENCY to turn on the emergency (distress) signal;
Work with secondary radars of RBS systems, the parameters of which meet the requirements:
1) RSP (on mode when working with PRL and DRL that do not have equipment for receiving information from the board);
2) ATC (on mode when working with DRL "Narva-S", "Ekran-2M", P-32, "Utes". The responder automatically transmits information about the aircraft number, or flight altitude and fuel reserve.
3) YaV5 (the mode is activated when flying over the State Border of the Russian Federation and is provided by ICAO).
4) 023M (mode not used).
The ICAO encoder control panel contains:- operating mode switch with four positions:
1) A (turned on to respond to a request for flight number with code A, for flight altitude with code C);
2) B (same as A, but the request for the flight number is carried out using code B);
3) C (turned on to respond to a request for flight altitude with code C);
4) READY (D) - a mode in which the transponder input is locked when it is fully prepared for operation
DIAL switches for dialing one of 4096 flight number codes;
MF toggle switch (turned on at the request of the dispatcher, if necessary, reduce the sensitivity of the main receiver in areas with a high density of ATC radars).
INTERCOMING DEVICE - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
1. General part
1.1. Intercom SPU-7 is designed for intra-helicopter telephone communication between
crew members, for pilots to communicate externally through three radio stations and two radios
compass and listening to special-purpose signals from voice warning equipment
"Almaz-UP" and radio altimeter A-0 37.
1.2. The intercom kit includes:
subscriber device - 3 pcs.;
amplifier SPU-7- 1 PC.
1.3. Intercom placement:
the SPU-7 amplifier is installed on frame No. 1 of the cargo compartment near the SPU RK (see 023.00.00, Fig. 1);
pilots' telephones are installed to the left and right of the gas station panels of the electric console (see 023.00.00, Fig. 1);
the subscriber unit is located on the left side of the cargo cabin between frames No. 6, No. 7. On a helicopter, the intercom operates additionally with two intercom points:
one additional communication point is installed in the cockpit door opening in a special niche on the right;
the second additional communication point is installed in the cargo compartment on the wall of frame No. 1 near the sliding door.
The SPU switching equipment is located in the distribution box of the SPU RK, installed on the wall of frame No. 1 - on the left.
The following equipment is associated with the SPU-7 intercom:
main and backup radio stations "Baklan-20";
communications radio station "Yadro-1G1";
voice communication equipment "Almaz-UP";
tape recorder P-5 03 B;
radio compass ARK- 15 M;
ARK-UD radio compass;
radio altimeter A-037.
INSTRUCTION MANUAL 102
2. Description
2.L Subscriber devices are designed to control the connection of microphones (laryngophones) and telephones of subscribers to various means of communication, as well as for switching the power circuits of starting relays of radio transmitters.
The necessary switching is carried out by a radio switch, a SGTU - RADIO switch, CV circular call buttons on subscriber sets and remote sequential switch buttons on the helicopter control handles (see 023.00.00, Fig. 1). The NETWORK 1 - 2 switch on the helicopter is paralleled, so it can be set to any position. Radio communication switches on the subscriber units of the left and right pilots carry out the following switching of radio equipment associated with the SPU:
UCR position - work on the command radio station "Baklan-20" (main);
SR position - work via the communications radio station "Yadro-1G1"; .
position of the Kyrgyz Republic - work via the command radio station "Baklan-20" (reserve);
DR position - not activated; "■■"""■ ~ -
RK1 position - listening to ARK-15 radio compass signals; RK2 position - listening to ARK-UD radio compass signals.
2.2. An additional talking point installed in the cockpit door opening, in a special niche, is intended for internal communication and listening to radio compass signals by the flight engineer. This additional point has an external SPU button and an ARK-SV - SPU - ARK-UKV switch, located on the bracket of the right shelf. The indicated button is connected in parallel with the LARING switch. additional communication point for on-board technicians, duplicates the action of this switch and is installed for ease of operation. The ARK-SV - SPU - ARK-UHF switch provides a choice of listening to one of three signals:
ARK-15M radio compass - in ARK-SV position; ARK-VHF radio compass - in the ARK-VHF position; listening to the SPU internal network - in the "SPU" position.
The additional intercom station contains: a volume control knob, a LARING switch, a circular call button CALL, a cord for connecting an aircraft headset.
There is a LARING switch installed on the right panel of the electric control panel. - ON, with its help the right pilot can, if necessary, connect his microphone or headset to the input of the SPU amplifier for a long time. Conducting a conversation in this case is carried out without pressing the PTT switch on the right pilot's control stick.
An external
LARING switch. - ON Its purpose and operation are similar to the LARING switch. -
ON on the right pilot's electric control panel, . ^
TECHNICAL OPERATION MANUAL
2.3. For the transition of pilots from work via internal communication to external communication and vice versa on each handle
helicopter control there is a sequential switching button SPU - RADIO type
2 gearboxes, when you press the trigger of which, before the first stage is triggered, it is possible to work in
"SPU" mode, and when pressed until the second stage is activated - work in the "Radio" mode
(external communication).
2.4. The intercom provides: -
Two-way intra-helicopter telephone communication between pilots and other crew members when
any positions of the SPU - RADIO switch and the radio communication switch on their subscriber
tsk devices when you press the trigger of the sequential switching button SPU - RADIO on
the helicopter control stick until the first stage is activated (SPU position). Wherein
the pilot simultaneously listens with a reduced volume to the receiver of the device on
which the switch of his subscriber device is installed. G
Pilots “start up” and modulate radio station transmitters in the radio communication switch positions: UKR, SR and KR when setting the SPU - RADIO switch on subscriber units to the RADIO position and pressing the trigger of the SPU - RADIO button on the helicopter control stick until the second stage is activated (RADIO position) . In this case, reception is carried out with full volume, and listening to the SPU is carried out with reduced volume.
Implementation by the right pilot and the operator of intra-helicopter communication without the pilot pressing the SPU-RADIO button on the control stick by setting the LARING switches, located respectively on the right panel of the pilots' electric console and next to the subscriber unit in the cargo compartment, to the ON position.
Implementation of continuous intra-helicopter communication from additional communication points when installing LARING switches. on the front panels of call points to the ON position. From the additional communication point of the flight technician, it is also possible to conduct short-term intra-helicopter communications by pressing the remote control button.
Implementation of internal circular telephone communication by each crew member by pressing the CV circular call button in any position of the switches on subscriber sets and additional call points. In this case, the subscriber listens with a reduced volume to the signal of the radio device to which the radio switch of the subscriber unit is installed.
Delivery of a voice message from the Almaz-UP equipment to the phones of the left pilot at full volume, regardless of the position of the switches on his subscriber unit.
Providing a “Dangerous Altitude” sound signal from the A-037 radio altimeter to the phones of the left pilot, regardless of the position of the switches on his subscriber unit.
At the flight engineer's workplace there is a PPG-15K switch with the SPU - ARK positions
for listening to ARK-15 M.
3.1. Intercom power supply
Basic technical data
Supply voltage, V 27±10%
Current consumption, A:
electric motor 0.15
two lamps 5
Beacon flash frequency, flash/min. . up to 90±13 Maximum luminous intensity of each lighthouse lamp,
sq. St, not less than 1500
Full beacon scattering angle in vertical
plane, degrees, not less than 15
The signal beacon is activated by the Mayak network circuit breaker on the right electrical panel.
Aeronautical navigation lights serve to designate the aircraft in the air during night flights and to determine the direction of flight of the aircraft from the ground.
Onboard aeronautical lights BANO-45 are installed at the ends of the detachable wing parts. On the left detachable part there is a BANO-45 with a red light filter, on the right - with a green one. The BANO-45 uses a CM22-28 lamp. The BANO-45 fittings (Fig. 98) consists of a base 6 with cartridge holder 1, rubber gasket 5 and light filter 3.
The base has a bracket with screw threads 4 light filter. The cartridge case is pressed into the cartridge holder. The XC-39 tail light is mounted on the trailing edge of the rudder. The XC-39 lamp (Fig. 99) consists of a body 1, a two-pin socket 2, white fluted glass 8 and cone ring 6 glass fastenings. The cartridge is secured in the housing with screws 3. The conical ring is connected to the valve body with a bayonet lock with screws 5.
There are fiber gaskets between the end of the case and the glass 9, ensuring a tight fit of the glass.
Aeronautical lights are switched on by the ANO network protection circuit breaker located on the right electrical panel.
Fig. 98. BANO-45 fittings:
/ - bayonet cartridge; 2 - lamp with a mirror reflector; 3 - light filter; 4 - filter screw; 5 - rubber gasket; 6 - base
Cabin lighting. The instrument panel of the aircraft is illuminated using red light lamps APM, SV and ST. APM lamps are used to illuminate inscriptions made on the light guide. The APM has one SM-37 lamp installed. Lamps for all panels
Rice. 99. XC-39 tail light:
1 - frame; 2 - two-pin pin socket; 3, 4 and 5- lamp screws; 6 - conical glass fastening; 7 - lamp; 8 - white corrugated glass; 9 - fiber pad
controls are switched on by the “Main Lighting” network protection circuit breaker. The slotted vertical lamp SV is used to illuminate the magnetic compass KI-13K. It uses one SM-37 lamp.
ST lamps are designed for lighting devices, control panels, control panels and instrument panels. Two SM-37 lamps, covered with a red filter, are mounted in the lamp body. The scheme provides for main and emergency lighting. During emergency lighting, only two lamps are lit. The ST is turned on by two network protection circuit breakers “Main lighting” (061) and “Emergency.” (060), located on the right electrical panel. In this case, all STs light up. Lighting adjustment is carried out by the “Lighting adjustment” potentiometer located on the right panel of the instrument panel (see Fig. 1). The electrical circuit of lighting is shown in Fig. 100.
The cabin is illuminated by a lamp installed at the top of the rear part of the cabin. There is a lamp on the rod to illuminate the map. The lamp and lamp are turned on using a three-position switch located on the central console. The switch is connected directly to the battery, bypassing the "Battery" switch.
Internal alarm. It includes: chassis position signaling; alarm board; alarm lamps “Dangerous speed” and “PT-200 failure”.
Rice. 100. Lighting scheme
The landing gear position alarm consists of three lamps with a red filter, three lamps with a green filter (retracted and lowered landing gear positions) and three external signaling lamps CM28-10 installed in the chassis racks. The internal alarm lamps are installed on the left pa-
not on the dashboard. The landing gear signaling feeder (see Fig. 96) provides light signaling of the extended and retracted position of the landing gear, as well as light signaling of the position of the brake flap and elevator trim tab.
With the on-board power supply turned on and the chassis extended, the limit switches S21, S19 And C12 close the power supply circuits of the signal lamps S30, S26 And C34 with a green filter. When the chassis is retracted, the limit switches S20, S18 And S22 close the power supply circuits of signal lamps with a red filter S23, S24 And C32. The chassis position indicator lamps are checked by pressing the KP2 button using a relay C46 And C48 When the machine is turned on, the “Signal” network is protected. chassis" located on the left electrical panel. At the same time, all six alarm lamps light up.
External chassis position indicator lamps S55, S54 And C53 receive power through the network protection circuit breaker “Sign. chassis" S35, normally open limit switch contacts S21, S19 And C12 and contacts 2 -3, 5 -6, 8 -9 relay C56. Relay C56 triggered when the ANO network circuit breaker is turned on C36.
When the brake flap is released, the limit switch S78 closes the contacts and supplies voltage to the signal lamp S79“The shield has been released.” When the elevator trimmer is in neutral position, the limit switch C38 contacts 3 -4 closes the circuit of the “Trimm. neutral." C16.
When reaching the speed set by the dangerous speed indicator SSA-0.7-2.2, P25 closes its contacts. In this case, power is supplied through the normally closed relay contacts S90 is fed to the warning light “Dangerous speed” P24. At the same time, an audible alarm sounds. The sound signal is turned off using the “Dangerous speed” switch P27, located on the right electrical panel. The alarm lamps on the display are checked using the KP1 button when the circuit breaker “Motor devices” is turned on. and EUP".
"Chips in the engine" indicator. The signaling filter is used for early detection of defects associated with wear or destruction of parts. It consists of filtering and signaling parts. The signaling device includes a contact stand, a block of plates, adjusting rings, a textolite bushing, and a metal washer. The entire package is secured to the stand using a nut. A tip is installed on the contact post. The block of plates consists of 17 brass plates separated from each other by cardboard insulating sectors (three sectors between the plates). The insulating sectors are attached to the plates using epoxy resin.
The filter-signaling device is connected to a 27 V DC electrical network. Electric current from the power source is supplied to the tip terminal and passes through the contact stand, plate block, housing, and then to the oil sump housing. When the gap between the plates is filled with chips, the electrical circuit is closed and the lamp on the alarm panel in the cockpit lights up. This increases the reliability of monitoring the operation of an aircraft engine.
CHAPTERVRADIO EQUIPMENT
1. Aircraft intercom SPU-9
Purpose. The SPU-9 aircraft intercom is designed for two-way intra-aircraft telephone communication between two crew members, the crew members accessing external radio communications via a radio station, listening to radio compass signals, as well as the “Dangerous Altitude” signals of the RV-5 radio altimeter, the “Marker” of the marker radio receiver and "Dangerous speed."
The aircraft intercom works with an aviation headset AG-2 (GSSH-A-18), containing high-impedance telephones TA-56M and an electrodynamic microphone DEMSH-1, or with an aviation headset containing high-impedance telephones TA-4 and laryngophones LA-5.
The design of the SPU-9 aircraft intercom provides at least 90% of verbal speech intelligibility when receiving and transmitting in acoustic noise up to 120 dB when working with laryngophones and TA-56M telephones.
The SPU-9 device on the Yak-18T aircraft provides:
simultaneous listening by each subscriber with 100% volume of transmissions carried out over the external and internal communication network, as well as signals: radio compass (when the “RK-Off” switch is set to the “RK” position on the subscriber panel), “Dangerous altitude” from radio altimeter, marker receiver (when installing the landing equipment “Axis-1” - marker and directional receivers), “Dangerous speed”;
intra-plane telephone communication between two crew members when one of the “SPU” buttons located on the control wheel is pressed by any of the crew members;
starting and modulating the radio transmitter of the command radio station by pressing one of the “Radio” buttons located on the steering wheels;
crew members receiving radio compass signals;
disconnecting the second subscriber's laryngophones from the radio station input when the first subscriber starts transmitting through the same radio station;
the ability to reserve the isolation amplifiers of both subscribers by switching the phones of the first subscriber to the output of the isolation amplifier of the second subscriber in parallel with his phones, or, conversely, by setting the “Res-Off” switch located on the subscriber panel to the “Res” position;
Rice. 101. SPU-9 device set: 1 - amplifier block; 2-subscriber shield
smooth separate control of the volume of speech transmitted over the internal communication network by the SPU volume control, and through the external communication network - by the RAD volume control. Signals entering the SPU from the ARK-9 (or ARK-15) radio compass, MRP-56P marker receiver, RV-5 radio altimeter and “Dangerous speed” into the SPU system have no adjustment. The volume of the MRP signals “Dangerous height” and “Dangerous speed” is adjusted by a potentiometer located on the radio equipment relay panel. The shield is installed in the radio equipment compartment between frames No. 12 and 13.
The SPU-9 kit (Fig. 101) includes: an amplifier unit installed in the forward part of the fuselage behind the instrument panel (see Fig. 2); two subscriber panels installed on the left and right panels of the dashboard (see Fig. 1); two SPU buttons; two “Radio” buttons on the steering wheels.
Basic technical data of SPU-9
Output voltage of the amplification path
frictional connection under load on high-resistance
telephones and feeding into the amplifier input
early connection signal, voltage 0.5 V and
frequency 1000 Hz, V 50-75
Frequency range, Hz 300-3400
Maximum power consumption, W:
amplifier block via the power supply network. . . 13.5 subscriber panels over the lighting network... 3
Weight of the set, kg 2.5
Principle of operation. In Fig. 102 shows a block diagram of the SPU-9 device. Each subscriber's TA-56M telephones are constantly connected to their own individual isolation amplifier. The following are permanently connected to the input of each isolation amplifier: the output of the in-flight telephone communication amplifier; ARC receiver output; output of the command radio receiver and outputs of special signal devices
nal purpose. Thanks to this inclusion, each subscriber has the opportunity to simultaneously listen to up to five different types of audio signals without their mutual shunting and influencing each other.
The SPU-9 in-flight telephone communication path consists of LA-5 laryngophones, an in-flight telephone communication amplifier, a separate amplifier and TA-56M telephones.
To transmit via the in-flight telephone network, the subscriber must press the SPU button. In this case, the subscribers' laryngophones are connected to the output of the amplifier. The intercom signal is supplied to subscribers' phones continuously, regardless of the positions of the toggle switches on the subscriber panels when one of the SPU buttons is pressed.
To adjust the volume of intra-aircraft communication transmission, there is an SPU volume control on the control panel of each subscriber. From the volume control, the signal is fed to the input of the corresponding isolation amplifier.
The SPU-9 external radio communication path consists of LA-5 laryngophones, the input circuit of the radio station, the output circuit of the radio receiver, an isolation amplifier and TA-56M telephones. The signals from the receiver of the radio station “Lily of the Valley-5” (or “Bak-lan-5”) are sent to the subscriber’s phones continuously. To adjust the volume of transmissions received via radio, each subscriber panel has a “Rad” volume control, from which the signal is fed to the input of the isolation amplifier. To transmit via radio, you must press the “Radio” button on the steering wheel. In this case, the subscriber's laryngophones are connected to the input of the transmitter of the radio station "Lily of the Valley-5" (or Cormorant-5).
The radio compass signal is fed to the input of each amplifier through an isolation resistor. Using the “RK-Off” switch located on each subscriber panel, the output
Rice. 102. Block diagram of the SPU-9 aircraft intercom
The radio compass can be switched on or off from the input of the isolation amplifier.
The front panel of the SPU-9 subscriber panel is shown in Fig. 101. The subscriber panel is used to connect telephones to the output amplifier of the radio compass, switch telephones from the output of its isolation amplifier (in case of failure) to the output of the isolation amplifier of the second subscriber, and adjust the signal level.
Work with the SPU-9 device is carried out as follows: it is necessary to turn on the SPU network protection circuit breaker located on the left electrical panel. The intercom signal is supplied to subscribers' telephones continuously, regardless of the position of the switches on the subscriber panels. To regulate the volume of intra-aircraft communications, there is an SPU volume control on the control panel of each subscriber. To transmit via the internal communication network, you must press one of the “SPU” buttons on the steering wheel; to access external communication, press the corresponding “Radio” button on the steering wheel.
The functionality of SPU-9 is checked as follows:
"Battery" switch - Off - Aer. Pete." set to the “Battery” position or “Aer. Pete.";
turn on the network protection circuit breakers “SPU”, “UKV”, “PO-250” and “ARK”;
check the presence of telephone communication between the cadet and the instructor when pressing the SPU buttons located on the steering wheels;
in external radio communication mode, check the SPU together with ARK-9 (or ARK-15) and a VHF radio station. The volume of the received program can be adjusted using the “Radio” volume control on the subscriber panels;
set the switch “Res. - Off.” on the cadet’s subscriber panel to the “Res.” position. The programs listened to by the instructor can be listened to on the cadet’s phones;
set the switch “Res. - Off.” on the instructor’s subscriber panel to the “Res.” position. The programs listened to by the cadet can be listened to on the instructor’s phones;
press the “Radio” button on the cadet’s steering wheel, listen to the count of one, two, three in the cadet’s and instructor’s phones;
press the “Radio” button on the instructor’s steering wheel, listen to the count of one, two, three on the instructor’s and cadet’s phones;
The cadet's laryngophones are turned off during the instructor's transfer.
All malfunctions that arise during the operation of the aircraft intercom are corrected on the ground. To improve the intelligibility of speech transmitted over the in-flight telephone network, it is recommended to press only one “SPU” button.
2. Command radio station “Lily of the Valley-5”
Purpose, kit and placement. The ultrashort-wave transceiver radio station “Landysh-5” is designed for telephone communication with ground and on-board radio stations of other aircraft in the air. The presence of quartz frequency stabilization ensures search-free communication and eliminates the need for periodic adjustments. The radio station allows you to quickly dial any communication channel within the operating frequency range without preliminary configuration. The required communication channel is dialed by switching two wave setting knobs on the remote control.
The radio station works with the AG aviation headset -2 GSSH-A-18) containing high-impedance telephones TA-56M and an electrodynamic microphone DEMSH-1. It is possible to work with an aviation headset containing high-impedance TA-4 telephones and LA-5 laryngophones. The headset (headset) is connected through SPU-9 subscriber panels.
The set of the Landysh-5 radio station (Fig. 103) includes a transceiver installed in the radio equipment compartment between frames No. 11 and 13 to the left of the longitudinal axis of the aircraft; a remote control mounted on the middle panel; a VHF-ARK antenna installed in the upper part of the fuselage between frames No. 14 and 15. The transceiver is connected with a high-frequency cable RK-50-7-11 high-
frequency connector on the housing of the AF-1S antenna filter and through
capacitor installed in the filter to the combined
Rice. 103. Set of radio station “Lily of the Valley-5”: 124 6. Equipment parking airplane 126 CHAPTER 10. OPERATION AIRPLANEYAK-18T... on airplaneYak-18T cotton is used aviation fabric... devices and blocks radio-electronicequipment. After the flight...
JSC "Aeroflot - Russian Airlines" legal address 119002 Moscow Arbat street building 10 place pr activities Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport valid until 02/21/2013
DocumentMi-8T (for aviation And radio-electronicequipment F2, performed through... performed after a hit airplane in icing conditions Yak-40 with ambient temperature... modifications, Yak-18T improvements based on industry bulletins Yak-42 current...
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