“Multimedia technology” - Programs for capturing static images from a computer screen. Presentation creation program – Microsoft PowerPoint. Programs for processing and editing images (graphics files). Technical means for working with video and images. Programs for processing video files. Interactive presentations Scripted presentations Continuous presentations.
“Components of Health” - “Our Walk”. The eyelashes drop and the eyes close... We know what microbes are afraid of! My mood. Why do you need to dry your clothes after a walk? - How much snow there is! There are so many interesting things around! We know exactly what the weather is like today! Our snowy sports town. Games with valeological content.
"Multimedia" - Multimedia product. Resolution 400 lines. Sound editors. Video signal conversion. Practical lesson. Video editing software products. Tools for creating and processing video images. Minimum requirements for PC hardware components. Creative work on the topic: Unfortunately, it is impossible to list them all; we will focus only on the most common programs.
“Components of multiplication” - X + 5 = 8. Compare. Find the extra numbers. Components of the action of multiplication. Components of a subtraction action. The relationship between the components and the result of multiplication. To find the unknown subtrahend, you need to subtract the difference from the minuend. Components of the action of addition.
“Creating multimedia” - Encyclopedias and training programs Computer presentations. Hyperlink. Marks are given for: Creating multimedia presentations. General design solution for the presentation. Multimedia technologies. The process of creating a presentation. Buttons. Hyperlinks and control buttons.
"Multimedia" - Multimedia. Edison's phonograph is the first sound recording device in history. This form is called analog. Multimedia technical means. In the middle of the 20th century, an electrophone appeared - an electrical analogue of a gramophone. Presentation of computer simulation results. Continuous electrical vibrations coming from the microphone are converted into a numerical sequence.
Currently, multimedia technologies are a rapidly developing area of information technology. A significant number of large and small firms, technical universities and studios (in particular IBM, Apple, Motorola, Philips, Sony, Intel, etc.) are actively working in this direction. The areas of use are extremely diverse: interactive training and information systems, CAD, entertainment, etc.
The main characteristic features of these technologies are:
Combining a multi-component information environment (text, sound, graphics, photos, video) in a homogeneous digital representation;
Ensuring reliable (no distortion when copying) and durable storage (guaranteed storage period is tens of years) of large volumes of information;
Ease of information processing (from routine to creative operations).
The achieved technological basis is based on the use of the new optical media standard DVD (Digital Versalite/Video Disk), which has a capacity of the order of several and tens of gigabytes and replaces all previous ones: CD-ROM, Video-CD, CD-audio. The use of DVD made it possible to realize the concept of digital information homogeneity. One device replaces an audio player, video recorder, CD-ROM, disk drive, etc. In terms of information presentation, the optical media DVD brings it closer to the level of virtual reality.
It is advisable to divide the multicomponent multimedia environment into three groups: audio, video, text information.
Audio sequence may include speech, music, effects (sounds such as noise, thunder, creaking, etc., united by the designation WAVE). The main problem when using this multimedia group is information capacity. To record one minute of top-quality WAVE audio, you need about 10 MB of memory. To solve this problem, audio information compression methods are used.
Video sequence Compared to audio, it is characterized by a large number of elements. There are static and dynamic video sequences.
Static video sequence includes graphics (drawings, interiors, surfaces, symbols in graphic mode) and photographic information (photos and scanned images).
Dynamic video sequence is a sequence of static elements (frames). Three typical groups can be distinguished:
Regular video (life video) – a sequence of photographs (24 frames per second);
Quasi-video – a sparse sequence of photographs (6–12 frames per second);
Animation is a sequence of hand-drawn images.
The first problem when implementing video sequences is screen resolution and the number of colors. There are three directions:
The VGA standard gives a resolution of 640´480 pixels (dots) on the screen with 16 colors or 320´200 pixels with 256 colors;
The SVGA standard (512 KB video memory, 8 bits/pixel) gives a resolution of 640´480 pixels with 256 colors;
24-bit video adapters (2 MB video memory, 24 bits/pixel) allow the use of 16 million colors.
The second problem is the amount of memory. For static images, one full screen requires the following amounts of memory:
In 640´480 mode, 16 colors – 150 KB;
In 320´200 mode, 256 colors – 62.5 KB;
In 640´480 mode, 256 colors – 300 KB.
Such significant volumes in the implementation of audio and video sequences determine high requirements for the information carrier, video memory and information transfer speed.
What is multimedia? Multi – many, Media – environment. This is a human-machine interface that uses various communication channels that are natural to humans: text, graphics, animation (video), audio information. As well as more specialized virtual channels that appeal to various senses. Let's take a closer look at the main components of multimedia.
1. Text. Represents sign or verbal information. Text symbols can be letters, mathematical, logical and other symbols. The text can be not only literary, the text can be a computer program, musical notation, etc. In any case, it is a sequence of characters written in some language.
The words of the text bear no visible resemblance to what they mean. That is, they are addressed to abstract thinking, and in our heads we recode them into certain objects and phenomena.
At the same time, the text always has accuracy and specificity, it is reliable as a means of communication. Without text, information ceases to be specific and unambiguous. Thus, the text is abstract in form, but concrete in content.
A scientific article, an advertisement, a newspaper or magazine, a Web page on the global Internet, a computer program interface, and much more are based on text information. By removing text from any of these information products, we will actually destroy this product. Even in an advertisement, not to mention prospectuses, periodicals, and books, the main thing is the text. The main goal of the vast majority of printed materials is to convey certain information to people in the form of text.
Text can be more than just visual. Speech is also text, concepts encoded in the form of sounds. And this text is much older than the written one. Man learned to speak before writing.
2. Visual or graphic information. This is all the rest of the information that comes through vision, static and not encoded into text. As a means of communication, the image is more ambiguous and vague; it does not have the specificity of the text. But it has other advantages.
a) Richness of information. During active viewing, the recipient simultaneously perceives many meanings, meanings, and nuances. For example, in a photograph people’s facial expressions, poses, surrounding background, etc. can tell a lot. And everyone can perceive the same image differently.
b) Ease of perception. Looking at an illustration takes much less effort than reading the text. The desired emotional effect can be achieved much easier.
Graphics can be divided into two types: photography and drawing. A photographically accurate representation of the real world gives the material authenticity and realism, and this is its value. Drawing is already a refraction of reality in the human consciousness in the form of symbols: curves, figures, their colors, composition and other things. A drawing can have two functions:
a) visual clarification and addition of information: in the form of a drawing, diagram or as an illustration in a book - the goal is the same;
b) creation of a certain style, aesthetic appearance of the publication.
3. Animation or video, that is, movement. Computer animation is most often used to solve two problems.
a) Attracting attention. Any moving object immediately attracts the viewer's attention. This is an instinctive property, because... a moving object can be dangerous. Therefore, animation is important as a factor in attracting attention to the most important thing.
In this case, simple means of attracting attention are sufficient. Thus, for banners on the Internet, elementary, cyclically repeated movements are usually used. Complex animation is even contraindicated, since websites are often overloaded with graphics. And this irritates and tires the visitor.
b) Creation of various information materials: videos, presentations, etc. Monotony is not suitable here. It is necessary to control the viewer's attention. And this requires such things as a script, plot, dramaturgy, even in a simplified form. The development of action in time has its own stages and its own laws (which will be discussed later).
4. Sound. Sound information is addressed to another sense organ - not to vision, but to hearing. Naturally, it has its own specifics, its own design and technical features. Although in the perception of information one can notice many similarities. Speech is an analogue of writing, visual art can to some extent be compared with music, and natural, unprocessed sounds are also used.
The significant difference is that there is no static sound. Sound is always dynamic vibrations of the environment that have a certain frequency, amplitude, and timbre characteristics.
The human ear is highly sensitive to the harmonic spectrum of sound vibrations and to the dissonance of overtones. Therefore, obtaining high-quality digitized computer audio is still a technical challenge. And many experts consider analog sound to be more “alive” and natural compared to digital sound.
5. Virtual channels that appeal to other senses.
Thus, a vibration alert in a mobile phone does not appeal to vision and hearing, but to touch. And this is not exotic, but a common channel of information. That someone wants to talk to the subscriber. Tactile (tactile) sensations are also used for other purposes: there are various simulators, special gloves for computer games and for surgeons, etc.
In the 4D cinemas that have appeared recently, the effect of the viewer's presence in the film is achieved by various means that have not been used before: movable seats, splashes in the face, gusts of wind, smells.
There are even communication and control channels that directly involve nerve cells, the human brain. They are developed for disabled people and people with disabilities. After training, a person is able to control the movement of dots on the screen with the power of thought. And also (more importantly) mentally give commands that set the special wheelchair in motion.
Thus, virtual reality is gradually turning from science fiction into a part of everyday life.
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Lecture 12
"Application of multimedia technologies"
Introduction
Study questions:
1. Multimedia technologies – basic concepts.
2. Classification and structural components of multimedia.
3. Multimedia information formats.
4. Hardware and software for multimedia information.
Conclusion
Introduction
Means of presentation, storage, and dissemination of information have always accompanied and shaped human civilization. People in the field of information technology development have come a long way from books and mail through radio, telegraph, telephone to a multimedia workstation that combines all the possibilities of working with information in the form of text, graphics, sound, video and television images.
Any person, as a subject of the information society, must be able to operate in the space of various types of information. In other words, the urgent task of the information society is the formation of a fundamentally new information culture. It manifests itself in the ability to search for the necessary data in various sources of information; ability to use computer technologies in their activities; mastering practical ways of working with various, including multimedia, information.
1. Multimedia technologies – basic concepts.
Multimedia- interaction of visual and audio effects controlled by interactive software using modern hardware and software, they combine text, sound, graphics, photos, video in one digital representation.
The term “multimedia” can be translated from English as “many environments” (from multi – many and media – environment).
Currently, multimedia technologies are a rapidly developing area of information technology. A significant number of large and small firms, technical universities and studios (in particular IBM, Apple, Motorola, Philips, Sony, Intel, etc.) are actively working in this direction. The areas of use are extremely diverse: interactive training and information systems, CAD, etc.
Main characteristic features these technologies are:
Combining a multi-component information environment (text, sound, graphics, photos, video) in a homogeneous digital representation;
Ensuring reliable (no distortion when copying) and durable storage (guaranteed storage period is tens of years) of large volumes of information;
Ease of information processing (from routine to creative operations).
The achieved technological basis is based on the use of a new optical media standard DVD (Digital Versalite/Video Disk Digital Versatile Disc - digital multi-purpose disc ), having a capacity of the order of units and tens of gigabytes and replacing all previous ones: CD-ROM, Video-CD, CD-audio. The use of DVD made it possible to realize the concept of digital information homogeneity. One device replaces an audio player, video recorder, CD-ROM, disk drive, slider, etc. In terms of information presentation, the optical media DVD brings it closer to the level of virtual reality.
It is advisable to divide the multicomponent multimedia environment into three groups: audio, video, text information.
Audio sequence may include speech, music, effects (sounds such as noise, thunder, creaking, etc., united by the designation WAVE). The main problem when using this group of multimedia is information capacity. To record one minute of top quality WAVE sound, memory is required about 10 MB, so the standard CD size (up to 640 MB) allows you to record no more than an hour of WAVE.To solve this problem, audio information compression methods are used.
Another direction is the use of MIDI (Musical Instrument Digitale Interface) sounds in multimedia (single and polyphonic music, up to an orchestra, sound effects). In this case, the sounds of musical instruments and sound effects are synthesized by software-controlled electronic synthesizers. Correction and digital recording of MIDI sounds is carried out using music editors (sequencer programs). The main advantage of MIDI is the small amount of memory required - 1 minute of MIDI sound takes on average 10 KB.
Video sequence Compared to audio, it is characterized by a large number of elements. There are static and dynamic video sequences.
Static video sequence includes graphics (drawings, interiors, surfaces, symbols in graphic mode) and photos (photos and scanned images).
Dynamic video sequence is a sequence of static elements (frames). Three typical groups can be distinguished:
· regular video (life video) – a sequence of photographs (about 24 frames per second);
· quasi-video – a sparse sequence of photographs (6–12 frames per second);
· animation – a sequence of hand-drawn images.
First problem when implementing video sequences - screen resolution and number of colors. There are three directions:
· the VGA standard gives a resolution of 640 ´ 480 pixels (dots) on the screen with 16 colors or 320 ´ 200 pixels with 256 colors;
· SVGA standard (video memory 512 KB, 8 bits/pixel) gives a resolution of 640 ´ 480 pixels with 256 colors;
· 24-bit video adapters (2 MB video memory, 24 bits/pixel) allow the use of 16 million colors.
Second problem- Memory. For static images, one full screen requires the following amounts of memory:
in 640 ´ 480 mode, 16 colors – 150 kbytes;
in 320 ´ 200 mode, 256 colors – 62.5 kbytes;
in 640 ´ 480 mode, 256 colors – 300 kbytes.
Such significant volumes in the implementation of audio and video sequences determine high requirements for the information carrier, video memory and information transfer speed.
When placing text information on a CD-ROM there are no difficulties or limitations due to the large information volume of the optical disc.
Main directions use of multimedia technologies:
· Show Business;
· creation of personal audio and video libraries;
· computer simulators;
· computer games;
· training programs;
· encyclopedias;
· electronic publications for educational purposes, etc.;
· in telecommunications with a range of possible applications from watching a custom TV show and selecting the right book to participating in multimedia conferences. Such developments are called Information Highway;
· multimedia information systems (“multimedia kiosks”) that provide visual information upon user request.
In terms of technical equipment, the market offers both fully equipped multimedia computers and individual components and subsystems (Multimedia Upgrade Kit), including sound cards, CD drives, joysticks, microphones, and speaker systems.
For personal computers of the IBM PC class, a special MPC standard has been approved, which defines the minimum hardware configuration for playing multimedia products. An international standard (ISO 9660) has been developed for optical CD-ROM discs.
Thus, multimedia– simultaneous use of various forms of information representation and its processing in a single container object. For example, a single container object may contain text, auditory, graphic and video information, and possibly a way to interact with it interactively. The term multimedia is also often used to refer to storage media that can store significant amounts of data and provide fairly fast access to them (CD-ROMs were the first media of this type). In this case, the term multimedia means that a computer can use such media and provide information to the user through all possible types of data such as audio, video, animation, graphics and others in addition to traditional ways of presenting information such as text.
Classification and structural components of multimedia
Multimedia, depending on the method of presenting information, can be represented by the following groups:
Linear . An analogue of the linear method of representation is cinema. The person viewing this document cannot in any way influence its conclusion.
Nonlinear . The nonlinear way of presenting information allows a person to participate in the output of information by interacting in some way with the means of displaying multimedia data. Human participation in this process is also called interactivity.
The nonlinear way of representing multimedia data is sometimes called " hypermedia ».
As an example of a linear and nonlinear way of presenting information, we can consider a situation such as giving a presentation. If the presentation was recorded on film and shown to the audience, then this method of conveying information can be called linear, since those viewing this presentation do not have the opportunity to influence the speaker. In the case of a live presentation, the audience has the opportunity to interact with the speaker (for example, ask him questions), which allows him to deviate from the topic of the presentation, clarifying some terms or covering controversial parts of the report in more detail. Thus, a live presentation can be presented as a non-linear (interactive) way of presenting information.
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