The RTF file format is familiar to many users who deal with documents. A lot of business documentation, e-books and brochures, texts of various types and contents - they all exist, including in the form of rtf files. When the need arises to view the contents of such documents, the well-known text editor MS Word comes to the rescue, easily opening files of this type. But is this the only alternative? Of course not. In this article I will tell you how to open an RTF file, what programs will help us with this, and how to use them.
As is known, " .rtf" is one of the forms of text file extension. This letter combination is an abbreviation for the words “ Rich Text Format» (rich text format). A document in this format supports the so-called “rich text” (rich text), which allows you to operate with several text formatting options, different fonts and their sizes when editing a document, place JPG and PNG images inside the text, support custom tab settings, and so on.
The format was created by Microsoft in 1987, went through several modifications over the course of 20 years, and in 2008 Microsoft announced that it would no longer support it. However, "rtf" is now one of the most popular text formats.
Typically, the RTF text format is opened on almost any user's computer (usually using the installed MS Word text editor). If you do not have access to view files of this type, then I recommend installing and using one of the programs that I list below.
The best programs for opening rtf files
There are a sufficient number of programs that allow you to open text files with the rtf extension. The algorithm for opening such files is standard: you launch the appropriate program, click on the “File” tab in it, select “Open” there, and point the program to the path to the desired rtf file on the disk of your PC.
Among the RTF viewer software products, I can recommend the following options:
- Microsoft WordPad is a simplified text editor from Microsoft, usually included in the Windows operating system starting with Windows 95. Allows you to view, edit and save text files in rtf format;
- Microsoft Word, the popular text editor I have already mentioned, is part of the Microsoft Office suite of applications. The current version of the product is Microsoft Office Word 2016;
- Microsoft Works is a simplified suite of office applications for home use. The text editor of this package in its functionality is something between the already mentioned WordPad and MS Word, providing effective support for the rtf format;
- Atlantis Word Processor is a shareware text editor for Windows OS. Among its advantages are its compactness (takes up only 3 megabytes) and the speed of processing RTF files;
- TextMaker Viewer is a free application for the Windows OS that can open and view the vast majority of text documents, including the rtf format we need;
- Corel WordPerfect Office X6 is a well-known office software package from Corel, which includes the WordPerfect X3 text editor and supports the rtf format. The product is paid;
- Apache OpenOffice is a free suite of office programs, an excellent alternative to the paid Microsoft Office. The text editor (Writer) included in this package effectively supports working with rtf files;
- AbiSource AbiWord is a free text editor, similar in functionality to MS Word, and can be an effective answer to the question “how to open rtf”;
- TextMaker is a text editor included in the SoftMaker Office office suite. It also supports the rtf format.
A file of this format is supported by other text editors that can work with formatted text.
How to open rtf file online
There are also several online tools that allow you to view and edit rtf online. I would note the Google Docs service, which allows you to view rtf documents online.
You can also install the appropriate extension (Docs Online Viewer) for Google Chrome or an analogue for Mozilla Firefox, which allows you to open rtf files using the functionality of the specified browsers.
In addition, you can use online converters (for example, Zamzar), which allow you to convert your RTF document into a text format that is more convenient for you (for example, into the equally popular “doc”).
Conclusion
The programs I listed above will help you with the issue of editing RTF extensions. I recommend paying attention to free alternatives, in particular, the OpenOffice office suite, which will allow you to work with files of this type absolutely free. For conservatives, I can recommend the template Microsoft Wordpad and Microsoft Word - many users, whatever one may say, choose them.
In contact with
RTF is a format used for text documents. The abbreviation in its name stands for Rich Text Format. RTF files were once used to create Windows Help, but have been replaced by Microsoft Compiled HTML documents, which use the CHM extension.
What's in RTF files
The RTF format differs from a regular text document (TXT) in that it can contain formatting - bold and italic text, as well as a variety of fonts and images of any size.
RTF files are useful because many programs support them. This means that you can create an RTF file in one program and on a specific operating system (for example, Mac OS), and then open it in Windows or Linux without losing formatting.
The RTF extension was first used in 1987, but Microsoft stopped supporting it in 2008. Whether one document editor renders an RTF file the same way as the second one in which it was created depends on which version of the format is used.
How to open RTF file
The easiest way to open an RTF file on Windows is to use WordPad, since it is included in the standard software package. Alternative options would be many other text editors and word processors - Notepad++, AbiWord, LibreOffice And OpenOffice.
It is worth understanding that not every program where you can work with RTF will read files one-to-one. This is because some applications do not support the latest RTF format specifications. Other programs for opening and editing RTF files - Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect, however, they are not offered free of charge. RTF conversion app: Convertin.io.
Some of these RTF editors for Windows also work with Linux and Mac. Mac OS users can also download Apple TextEdit or Apple Pages to open files with this extension.
This format was defined by Microsoft as a standard format for exchanging text documents. Therefore, this format is similar in purpose to the SYLK format for spreadsheets. RTF is supported by many Microsoft products. For example, starting with version 2.0, it was introduced into Windows as a Clipboard format, making it possible to exchange data between various Windows application programs. In addition, the RT format is supported by WORD for Macintosh, starting with version 3.X, and WORD for PC, starting with version 4.X.
RTF uses only character-representable codes from the ASCII, MAC and PC character sets to exchange documents. In addition to text, the file in RT format contains control commands in a readable form.
The document consists primarily of control commands for setting up a program for reading files in RTF format. These commands can be divided into control words (control words) and control characters (control symbols).
The control word is a sequence of characters with a delimiter (delimiter) at the end:
\lettersequence
A backslash "\" (backslash) is introduced before the control word. The following characters can be used as separators:
- Space (space), wherein this symbol refers to a control word;
- Number or the "-" sign. These characters must be followed by a delimited parameter. Space or other characters other than numbers and letters can be used as a separator;
- All characters other than numbers and letters. These symbols do not apply to control word.
In the RT format, letters from “A” to “Z” and from “a” to “z”, as well as numbers from “0” to “9” are used to specify the control sequence. National symbols do not belong to control information.
As, control characters separate letters are used. Each control character is preceded by a backslash "\":
\control symbol
Only a few of these symbols are currently defined. Therefore, unknown characters may be skipped when reading.
In the RT format, it is possible to combine individual sequences into groups using brackets:
(beginning of group) end of group
Such groups are created, for example, when describing footnotes, headers, etc. If you need to place the characters "\", "(" or ")" inside plain text, you must precede them with a backslash:
\\ \{ \}.This allows the program reading the RTF sequence to recognize that the character should not be interpreted as a control character.
The RT format also uses some character codes to control printing
CR and LF characters located inside text will be skipped. Microsoft uses these symbols for clarity when representing an RTF file. Within control words, the characters CR and LF can have a special meaning; this will be discussed in more detail when describing the commands.
Special control words
RTF has special purpose control words. Let us briefly consider these words and their purpose.
Control word change page number displays the current page number.
Control word change footnote activates automatic numbering of footnotes.
By using change date You can display the current date.
By using change time You can display the current time.
\chftnsep
Indicates a change in the line separating footnotes from the text.
Using this sequence, the text of the formula is entered.
Indicates an index sub-item.
Text may be skipped when reading RTF format.
Specifies a hard (non-breaking) space between two words, i.e. in this position the sentence cannot be split when carried to the next line.
Symbol indicates soft transfer (nonrequired hyphen).
The symbol denotes an unbreakable hyphen (nonbreaking hyphen), in the place of which the word cannot be divided.
The sequence allows direct input of hexadecimal numbers into text. They are specified instead of hh characters.
This sequence sets the transition to a new page.
This sequence causes a transition to a new line in the text.
Using this sequence, the end of a paragraph is marked in the text. Subsequence \para can be replaced by the sequence \ 10 or \ 13. Wherein \10 matches ASCII character code 10 (carriage return). You cannot enter ASCII code 10 (CR) directly, because it is ignored by the reader.
This sequence marks the end of a text fragment or text paragraph.
This sequence replaces the tabulator. You can also directly specify the ASCII code 09H.
End of table (column).
End of table (row).
Destination control words
Using the control words described below, you can make basic settings for the RTF reader. They can only occur at the beginning of a document or at the beginning of a group. All operators together with parameters must be enclosed in parentheses, for example:
(\rtf0\pc.......)
The format of some statements is described below.
\rtf<параметр>
Specifies the start of the file. The program used to create the file can specify the version number as a parameter. For example:
(\rtf0.......)
The label must be at the beginning of the file. This statement may be followed by other statements or a closing parenthesis.
Setting the type of encoding for the saved text is carried out using the following operators:
- \ansi: the text is stored in standard ASCII format. This format is used, for example, in Windows.
- \mac:. text is stored in Macintosh encoding
- \rs: IBM-PC character encoding is used for text output.
- \rsa: IBM-PC Code Page 850 (model PS\2).
To transfer texts between different systems, the \ansi encoding must be used.
\colortbl
Windows and other programs use palettes to determine which colors to use. Most often, the palette consists of 16 different colors, obtained by combining the primary colors - red, green and blue. Team \colortbl allows you to change individual definitions in the palette. For each color, the table indicates the values of the red, green and blue components. Each color is described by three parameters:
\red000 \green000 \blue000
Instead of 000, the value of the color fraction in the range from 0 to 255 is indicated. Example: in a table consisting of 16 colors, the 0th and 2nd colors must be redefined. The following sequence can be specified to override colors:
( \colortbl \red128\green64\blue128\;;\red0\green64\blue128; )
The color definition ends with a semicolon. Since the 1st color remains unchanged, there are two ";" characters in the sequence. follow one after another. The sequence ends with a closing parenthesis.
Operator \cfn defines the background color (with the default setting n=0), and the operator \cbn- symbol color (with standard setting n=0).
\fonttbl
This operator is used to build a font table and correlates the name of the font (font group) with number font. When defining a font, you can use the following operators:
- \fnil: font group name is unknown. The output must use a standard font.
- \froman: Roman fonts must be used (for example, Times Roman)
- \fswiss: this operator requires the use of fonts from the Swiss group (Helvetica, Swiss, etc.)
- \fmodern: Pica, Elite and Courier fonts can be used.
- \fscript: Italic fonts from the Script group are used.
- \fdecor: when specifying this operator, fonts must be selected from the Decor group (Old English, etc.).
- \ftech: selection of a group of fonts with technical and mathematical symbols (SYMBOL, etc.).
The command to create a font group can consist of the following statements:
(\fonttbl\f0\fnil default;) (\fl\froman roman h;) (\f2\fswiss helvetica;)
After the keyword \fonttbl followed by the first font number \f0. Next comes the definition of the font group. Here after the number 0 is indicated \fnil, those. group name unknown. The next parameter specifies the name of the font to be selected (for example, roman h). Note default tells the reading program to use a standard font. There is a semicolon after the font name. In the example above, only fonts numbered 1 and 2 are defined. The entire sequence can be combined with curly braces into a group.
The font table must be filled with values before the operator is encountered \stylesheet or text. Standard font entered by operator \deffn.
\stylesheet
This operator defines the font of the paragraph, i.e. size, style and name of the typeface, as well as how the paragraph text is aligned. This uses two key parameters:
- \sbasedon000: instead of the characters 000, the number of the font type that is used as the current one is indicated.
- \snext000: assigns the number of the next font type (style), which will become the current one.
The operator could, for example, look like this:
(\stylesheet\s0\f3\fs20\qj Normal;) (\sl\f3\fs30\b\qc Heading Level 3;)
Fonts are numbered from 0 to n ( \s0...). In the first line, paragraph style 0 ( \s0) the name Normal is prescribed. Text is output in font 3 ( \f3), size 10 points ( \fs20). Parameter \qj indicates that the inscription should be aligned according to the format. The second line defines font style 1, which is named Heading Level 3. The font size is 15 points, bold ( \b = bold) and when displayed, the inscription is centered ( \qc).
\pict
This operator is used when describing a picture in bitmap format. The following parameters contain a description of the drawing in hexadecimal values. Parameters can be selectively used to define the geometry of the drawing or its format:
- \pich000: operator specifies the height of the image in pixels. Instead of three zeros, a numeric value is substituted. If there is no operator, the height of the drawing is determined from the current graphic data. Using the parameter, you can set a specific height for the picture.
- \piw000: operator specifies the width of the image in pixels. Everything said about the previous operator is true.
- \picscaled: Using this operator, the drawing is scaled so that it exactly fills the area allocated for it.
- \wmetafilen: The parameter specifies that the data is stored in Windows metafile format. The n parameter specifies the metafile type (1 = MM-text).
- \macpict: This option specifies that the data is stored in Macintosh Quick-Draw format.
- \bin000:. the parameter specifies the number of bytes. Instead of three zeros, a hexadecimal number is written.
- \wbitmap: The parameter determines the format of the bitmap image. The n parameter specifies the type (0 corresponds to a logical bitmap).
- \brdrs: defines a simple picture frame
- \brdrdb: defines a double border for the picture.
- \brdrth: defines a bold line for the picture frame.
- \brdrsh: defines a shaded frame for the picture
- \brdrdot: defines a dotted line for the drawing.
- \brdrhair: defines a thin line for the frame of the picture.
- \picwGoaln: sets the desired width of the image in twips
- \pichGoaln: sets the desired height of the picture in twips.
- \picscalexn: specifies horizontal scaling (n can take values from 1 to 100, default -10).
- \picscaleyn: sets vertical scaling (n can take values from 1 to 100, default is 10).
- \piccroptn: describes the top margin of a drawing in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the upper part of the picture is cut off. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
- \рiccrоbп: describes the bottom margin of a drawing in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the lower part of the picture is cut off. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
- \рссрорrn: describes the right margin of a picture in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the image is cut off on the right. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
- \piccropln: describes the left margin of a picture in twips. For positive values of the parameter n, the image is cut off on the left. Negative n values make it possible to construct a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
- \wbmbitspixeln: determines the number of bits per pixel for a bitmap image (the standard value is 1).
- \wbmplanesn: defines the number of bit planes (default value is 1).
- \wbmwidtbbytesn: specifies the length of the bitmap in bytes
RTF Format Specification
This format was defined by Microsoft as a standard format for exchanging text documents. Therefore, this format is similar in purpose to the SYLK format for spreadsheets. RTF is supported by many Microsoft products. For example, starting with version 2.0, it was introduced into Windows as a Clipboard format, making it possible to exchange data between various Windows application programs. In addition, the RT format is supported by WORD for Macintosh, starting with version 3.X, and WORD for PC, starting with version 4.X. RTF uses only character-representable codes from the ASCII, MAC and PC character sets to exchange documents. In addition to text, a file in RT format contains control commands in a readable form. The document consists mainly of control commands for setting up a program for reading files in RTF format. These commands can be divided into control words (control words) and control characters (control symbols). The control word is a sequence of characters with a delimiter (delimiter) at the end:
lettersequence
A backslash "" is introduced before the control word. (backslash). The following characters can be used as separators:
Space (space), and this symbol refers to the control word;
Number or sign " - ". These characters must be followed by a parameter with a separator. The separator can be a space or characters other than numbers and letters;
All characters other than numbers and letters. These characters do not belong to the control word.
In the RT format, letters from " A" before " Z" and from " A" before " z", as well as numbers from " 0 " before " 9 ". National characters do not belong to control information. Individual letters are used as control characters. A backslash "" is entered before each control character:
control symbol
Only a few of these symbols are currently defined. Therefore, unknown characters may be skipped when reading. In the RT format, it is possible to combine individual sequences into groups using brackets:
(start of group) end of group
Such groups are created, for example, when describing footnotes, headers, etc. If you need to place the characters "", " { " or " } " inside plain text, they must be preceded by a backslash:
{ }
This allows the program reading the RTF sequence to recognize that the character should not be interpreted as a control character. The RT format also uses some character codes to control printing
Meaning
Tabulator
CR and LF characters located inside text will be skipped. Microsoft uses these symbols for clarity when representing an RTF file. Within control words, the characters CR and LF can have a special meaning; this will be discussed in more detail when describing the commands.
Special control words RTF has special purpose control words. Let us briefly consider these words and their purpose.
chpgn The change page number control word displays the current page number.
chftn The change footnote control word activates the automatic numbering of footnotes.
chdate Using change date you can display the current date.
chtime With change time you can display the current time.
chftnsep Indicates a change in the line separating footnotes from the text.
/ Using this sequence, the text of the formula is entered.
: Indicates an index sub-item.
* Text may be skipped when reading RTF format.
~ Specifies a hard (non-breaking) space between two words, i.e. in this position the sentence cannot be split when carried to the next line.
- The symbol indicates a non-required hyphen.
_ The symbol denotes a nonbreaking hyphen, in the place of which the word cannot be divided.
""hh The sequence allows direct input of hexadecimal numbers into text. They are specified instead of hh characters.
page This sequence sets the transition to a new page.
line This sequence causes a transition to a new line in the text.
pa r Using this sequence, the end of a paragraph is marked in the text. The sequence pa can be replaced by the sequence 10 or 13 . In this case, 10 corresponds to the ASCII character with code 10 (carriage return). You cannot enter ASCII code 10 (CR) directly, because it is ignored by the reader.
sect This sequence marks the end of a text fragment or text paragraph.
tab This sequence replaces the tabulator. You can also directly specify the ASCII code 09H.
cell End of table (column).
row End of table (row).
Destination control words Using the control words described below, you can make basic settings for the RTF reader. They can only occur at the beginning of a document or at the beginning of a group. All operators together with parameters must be enclosed in parentheses, for example:
(rtf0pc.......)
The format of some statements is described below.
rtf<параметр> Specifies the start of the file. The program used to create the file can specify the version number as a parameter. For example:
(rtf0.......)
The label must be at the beginning of the file. This statement may be followed by other statements or a closing parenthesis. Setting the type of encoding for the saved text is carried out using the following operators:
the text is stored in standard ASCII format. This format is used, for example, in Windows.
the text is stored in Macintosh encoding.
IBM-PC character encoding is used for text output.
IBM-PC Code Page 850 (PS2 model).
To transfer texts between different systems, encoding must be used ansi.
colortbl Windows and other programs use palettes to determine which colors to use. Most often, the palette consists of 16 different colors, obtained by combining the primary colors - red, green and blue. The colortbl command allows you to change individual definitions in the palette. For each color, the table indicates the values of the red, green and blue components. Each color is described by three parameters:
red000green000blue000
Instead of 000 indicates the value of the color fraction in the range from 0 to 255. Example: in a table consisting of 16 colors, the 0th and 2nd colors must be redefined. The following sequence can be specified to override colors:
( colortbl redl28green64bluel28;;red0green64bluel2 8; )
The color definition ends with a semicolon. Since the 1st color remains unchanged, there are two characters in the sequence " ; " follow one after the other. The sequence ends with a closing parenthesis. Operator cfn defines the background color (with the default setting n=0), and the operator cbn- symbol color (with standard setting n=0).
fontbl This operator is used to build a font table and correlates the name of the font (group of fonts) with the font number. When defining a font, you can use the following operators:
font group name is unknown. The output must use a standard font.
Roman fonts must be used (for example, Times Roman).
this operator requires the use of fonts from the Swiss group (Helvetica, Swiss, etc.)
Pica, Elite and Courier fonts can be used.
Italic fonts from the Script group are used.
when specifying this operator, fonts must be selected from the Decor group (Old English, etc.).
selection of a group of fonts with technical and mathematical symbols (SYMBOL, etc.).
The command to create a font group can consist of the following statements:
(fonttblf0fnil default;)(flfroman roman h;)(f2fswiss helvetica;)
After the keyword fontbl followed by the first font number f0. Next comes the definition of the font group. Here after the number 0 is indicated fnil, i.e. group name unknown. The next parameter specifies the name of the font to be selected (for example, roman h). Note default tells the reading program to use a standard font. There is a semicolon after the font name. In the example above, only fonts numbered 1 and 2 are defined. The entire sequence can be combined with curly braces into a group. The font table must be filled with values before the operator is encountered stylesheet or text. Standard font entered by operator deffn.
stylesheet This operator defines the font of the paragraph, i.e. size, style and name of the typeface, as well as how the paragraph text is aligned. This uses two key parameters:
sbasedon000 instead of the characters 000, the number of the font type that is used as the current one is indicated.
snext000 assigns the number of the next font type (style), which will become the current one. The operator could, for example, look like this:
(stylesheets0f3fs20qj Normal;)(slf3fs30bqc Heading Level 3;)
Fonts are numbered from 0 to n ( s0...). The first line gives paragraph style 0 (s0) the name Normal. Text is output in font 3 (f3), size 10 points (fs20). The qj parameter indicates that the inscription should be aligned to the format. The second line defines font style 1, which is named Heading Level 3. The font size is 15 points, bold (b = bold) and the text is centered (qc) when displayed.
pict This operator is used when describing a picture in bitmap format. The following parameters contain a description of the drawing in hexadecimal values. Parameters can be selectively used to define the geometry of the drawing or its format:
operator specifies the height of the image in pixels. Instead of three zeros, a numeric value is substituted. If there is no operator, the height of the drawing is determined from the current graphic data. Using the parameter, you can set a specific height for the picture.
operator specifies the width of the image in pixels. Everything said about the previous operator is true.
Using this operator, the drawing is scaled so that it exactly fills the area allocated for it.
The parameter specifies that the data is stored in Windows metafile format. The n parameter specifies the metafile type (1 = MM-text).
This option specifies that the data is stored in Macintosh Quick-Draw format.
the parameter specifies the number of bytes. Instead of three zeros, a hexadecimal number is written.
The parameter determines the format of the bitmap image. The n parameter specifies the type (0 corresponds to a logical bitmap).
defines a simple picture frame
defines a double border for the picture.
defines a bold line for the picture frame.
defines a shaded frame for the picture
defines a dotted line for the drawing.
defines a thin line for the frame of the picture.
sets the desired width of the image in twips
sets the desired height of the picture in twips.
specifies horizontal scaling (n can take values from 1 to 100, default is 10).
sets vertical scaling (n can take values from 1 to 100, default is 10).
describes the top margin of a drawing in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the upper part of the picture is cut off. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
describes the bottom margin of a drawing in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the lower part of the picture is cut off. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
describes the right margin of a picture in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the image is cut off on the right. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
describes the left margin of a picture in twips. For positive values of the n parameter, the image is cut off on the left. Negative values of n make it possible to create a frame around the picture. The default value for n is 0.
determines the number of bits per pixel for a bitmap image (the standard value is 1).
defines the number of bit planes (default value is 1).
specifies the length of the bitmap in bytes.
footnote The statement should immediately follow the footnote mark and refer to the text.
header The operator defines the header of the current piece of text and therefore must appear at the beginning of the text.
header The operator defines a left hand header on which the page is left aligned.
header The operator sets the odd-numbered page header, on which the header is displayed with a right hand header.
headerf The statement sets the first page header.
footer The operator sets the footer of the current fragment and must be specified before the start of the text.
footer The operator sets the footer of an even page (left hand footer), on which the footer is displayed aligned to the left.
footerr The operator sets the odd-numbered page footer, on which it appears with a right hand footer.
footerf The operator sets the first page footer.
ftnsep The operator specifies the delimiter character for footnotes.
ftnsepc The operator specifies the separator for a footnote that continues on the next page (continued footnote).
ftncn This operator is used to indicate the continuation of footnote text.
info Using this keyword, an information block is opened at the beginning of the document. It may contain information about the title of the document, the date it was compiled, etc. Inside an information block that begins with the info operator, the following operators may appear:
titlesubjectoperatorauthorkeywordsdoccommversionnextfile The listed commands allow you to transmit auxiliary information about the document, for example, the author's name, text version, title, etc. The RTF data reader is not required to process information block commands.
vern000 Instead of 000, the statement contains the version number of the program in which the document was compiled.
creative This keyword determines the date and time the document was created. This data is encoded using the following operators:
уr000 year of document creation
then000 month of document creation
dy000 day of document creation
hr000 document creation time in hours
min000 document creation time in minutes
sec000 document creation time in seconds
revtim Determines the time and date the document was last updated. Both parameters are specified as specified in the description of the creatim operator.
printtim Determines the time and date the document was last printed. Both parameters are specified as specified in the description of the creatim operator.
buptim Determines the time and date of the last save of the document (backup). Both parameters are specified as specified in the description of the creatim operator.
edmins000 Stores the duration (in minutes) of the last editing session.
nofpages000nofwords000nofchars000id000 The above statements contain qualifying information about the document (number of pages, number of words and number of characters), as well as the internal identification number.
comment The title may contain text marked with the comment keyword. In this case, we are talking about a comment in the text that is skipped by the RTF data reader.
field There is a group of operators that are used to describe fields inserted into WORD. The group begins with the keyword field, which can be followed by the following statements:
flddirty the field was changed during the last update
fldedit the text was edited during the last update
fldlock The field is closed for access and cannot be updated
fldpriv the result is not reported (for example, a drawing)
xe This group of statements begins with the character sequence xe and can contain the following keywords:
bhe Page numbers are set to bold.
ixe Page numbers are set to italic (italic).
txe text Text is used instead of page number.
rxe bookmark generating page numbers for the area containing the bookmark.
tc A group contains data elements for tables and can consist of the following keywords:
tcfn the table type is passed (n can have values from A to Z, the default value is C).
tcln level number (standard value n = 1). The group of operators that define bookmarks includes only two operators:
*bkmkstart start of the area
*bkmkend end of area
Document formatting operators The next group includes commands for formatting text. These commands can be divided into subgroups:
commands whose effect extends to the entire text,
commands that change the format of only the current paragraph,
commands that apply to the current text output.
This section describes document-wide formatting statements.
paperw000 The command specifies the width of the sheet in twips (1 twip is equal to 1/20 of a point or 1/1440 of an inch). The width value is specified instead of 000. If the command is absent, then the sheet width is set to 12240 twips.
pperh000 The command sets the sheet height in twips. The height value is specified instead of 000. If the command is absent, then the sheet height is set to a different 15840 twips.
margl000 Using this command you can set the width of the left margin when printing in twips. The standard field width is 1800 twips.
margr000 Using this command you can set the width of the right margin when printing in twips. The standard field width is 1800 twips.
margt000 Using this command you can set the width of the top margin (margin top) when printing in twips. The standard field width is 1440 twips.
margb000 Using this command you can set the width of the bottom margin (margin bottom) when printing in twips. The standard field width is 1440 twips.
facingp The facing page operator determines the appearance of the page. It sets, for example, whether the header and footer is printed on even or odd pages. If the statement is followed by a 0 parameter, the output is suppressed.
gutter000 Using this operator, you can set the width of the filing margin (gutter inside the facing page).
deftab000 The command determines the size of the tab stop. The standard value is 72 twips.
widowctrl The operator turns on Wido control. If the operator is followed by a parameter 0, the monitoring is disabled again.
endnotes If this parameter is specified in the document, then the footnote texts are placed at the end of the fragment.
ftobj By default, footnotes are displayed at the bottom of the page (footnotes bottom justified). This statement allows you to switch from the installation specified by the endnotes statement to the standard installation.
ftntj Footnote texts are displayed in the text (footnotes top justified).
ftnstart000 Instead of 000, the command contains the starting number of the first footnote. The standard value of the number is 1.
ftnrestart When this operator is specified, footnote numbering on each page starts at 1. Parameter 0 disables this setting.
pgnstart000 Instead of 000, the command contains the starting page number. The standard value of the number is 1.
linestart000 The value specified instead of 000 specifies the starting line number. The standard value of the number is 1.
landscape The command allows you to set landscape orientation. Specifying 0 restores portrait orientation.
byphhotz Defines an area that is designated as - Hyphenation hot zone.
ftnsep Defines a delimiter that separates footnotes from text.
ftnsepc Defines a delimiter that separates footnotes that continue onto the next page from the text.
ftncn Mark for next footnote.
enddoc Footnote at the end of the document.
*nextfile Passes (in parentheses ()) the name of the output file or index file.
*template After the operator, the name of the template file is indicated in parentheses () if it differs from the default.
makeback Automatic creation of a Backup file if the document is protected.
defformat Tells the RTF reader that the document should be protected.
revison Includes a change flag.
margmirror Indicates that the descriptions for the left and right margins should be mirrored.
revprorn The value of the n parameter specifies the style and method of highlighting characters when creating editorial notes. An n value of 0 is normal, 1 is bold, 2 is italic, 3 is underline (default setting), 4 is double underline.
revbarn Depending on the value of the n parameter, the method of highlighting the text of editorial notes with vertical lines is set: 0 - not marked, 1 - the left edge of the text is marked, 2 - the right edge of the text is marked, 3 - the mark is located outside the text (standard setting) along the edge of the page.
Section formatting The second group of operators controls the section format and consists of the following commands.
sectd The operator sets the standard settings for the section parameters.
sbknone The operator suppresses the transition to a new page before the start of a section (section break continuous).
sbkcol When this command is specified at the beginning of a section, a transition to a new column is performed (section break new column).
sbkpage When this command (section break new page) is specified at the beginning of the section, a transition to a new page occurs.
sbkeven When this command is specified at the beginning of a section, a transition to a new page is performed if the page number is even (section break even).
sbkodd When this command is specified at the beginning of a section, a transition to a new page is performed if the page number is odd (section break odd).
pgostartsn Page numbering starts from number n.
pgnrestart The command sets temporary page numbering, starting with value 1. Parameter 0 restores the previous numbering order.
pgndec Page numbers are displayed in decimal format.
pgnucrm Page numbers are displayed in large Roman numerals (upper case roman).
pgnlcrm Page numbers are displayed in small Roman numerals (lower case roman).
pgncont Continuous page numbering (standard setting).
pgnucltr Page numbers are displayed in upper case letters.
pgnlcltr Page numbers are displayed in lower case letters.
pgnx000 Using this command, the X-coordinate of the page number is specified for automatic numbering. The value is relative to the top left corner of the page and is set to 720 twips by default.
pgny000 Using this command, the Y-coordinate of the page number is specified during automatic numbering. The value is relative to the top left corner of the page and is set to 720 twips by default.
linemod000 The operator sets the interval value when numbering lines.
linex000 The operator sets the distance between lines. By default it is 360 twips.
linestartn Line numbering starts from the value n.
linerestart Returns the line number to 1. The command sets line numbering to start at 1.
linepage On each page, line numbering starts with the value 1.
linecont Line numbering continues from the previous section (previous chapter).
headery000 The command specifies the Y-coordinate of the header. The value is relative to the top of the page and defaults to 720 twips.
footery000 The command specifies the Y-coordinate of the footer. The value is specified relative to the bottom edge of the page and is set to 720 twips by default.
vertical Vertical text is aligned to the top edge of the page. The text is located at the top of the page (vertically aligned at top of page).
vertalc The text is placed in the middle of the page. Vertical alignment of text is performed in the center of the page (vertical align centered).
vertalj Text is placed vertically to fill the entire page (vertical align justified).
vertalb Vertical alignment of text is performed at the bottom edge of the page (vertical align bottom).
cols000 Using this command you can set the number of columns in a row. The default value is 1.
colsx000 This command sets the distance between two columns in twips. The standard value is 720 twips.
endnhere When this operator is specified, posttext footnotes are displayed at the end of the section. This output can be suppressed by setting the parameter to 0.
titlepg The operator specifies the output of the title page. Setting 0 suppresses the cover page output.
Paragraph formatting The following commands control paragraph formatting.
pard The operator sets the default setting for the paragraph.
s000 The command specifies the font for the given paragraph. Using the value substituted for 000, a selection is made in the font table.
ql When you specify the quad left command, the text is aligned to the left edge of the page.
qr When you specify the quad right command, the text is aligned to the right edge of the page.
qc The quad centered command places text in the center of the page.
qj When you specify the quad justified command, the text is aligned to the page format.
fi000 The operator determines the amount of indentation of the first line of a paragraph (first line indent). The default value is 0.
li000 The operator determines the amount of paragraph indentation to the left (left indent). The default value is 0.
ri000 The operator determines the amount of indentation of a paragraph to the right (right indent). The default value is 0.
sb000 The operator specifies the number of empty lines inserted before the paragraph (spaces before). The default value is 0.
sa000 The operator specifies the number of empty lines inserted after the paragraph (spaces after). The default value is 0.
sl000 The command sets the distance between lines in points. The standard value is one line (12 points). The sl000 command enables auto line mode.
intbl A paragraph is part of a table.
keep When specifying this command, the belonging of the text to the current paragraph is recorded. The command is disabled by specifying parameter 0.
kepn When this command is specified, the text is matched to the next paragraph. The command is disabled by specifying parameter 0.
Every day, personal computer users have to deal with technical documentation, books, logs and other text data contained in txt and rtf files. Therefore, the ability to open them for viewing or editing is one of the most necessary in computer literacy. Of course, along with txt and rtf, other extensions can be used, but they are not so universal.
Benefits of using TXT and RTF formats
RTF is a universal text file format with formatting support
Skipping the technical side of the issue, we can say that text formats differ in their versatility of use. This implies the ability to open a document on a larger number of operating systems and preferably without the use of specific software. Both txt and rtf can be edited and viewed using almost any GPU. By the way, only some of its analogues on other systems (OpenOffice, LibreOffice, etc.) open the doc file.
How do TXT and RTF differ from each other?
TXT consists directly of ordinary characters (letters, numbers, spaces, and others), arranged in a specific sequence and often organized into strings. Such files can be read and edited in almost any operating system, for example, with Notepad.
The disadvantage of the txt extension is that it cannot be formatted. The text in it will not be able to be assigned different colors and styles, just as it will not be available. But the RTF format has the ability to format, while losing slightly in versatility.
This is achieved through the use of a special set of control words and symbols. That is, in addition to the text itself, the file also contains data on its formatting, such as fields, page numbering, links and much more. Not every program for working with text opens this format, but those that exist are quite sufficient.
What programs can open TXT
Office products such as MS Word, WordPad and LibreOffice Writer are great for working with this type. In Microsoft Windows, most users often open and edit txt files with Notepad - this is the simplest one, which does not require computer resources and the knowledge necessary to work in more complex programs.
If you need to open a txt file in operating systems built on the Linux kernel, pay attention to the Gedit utility, which is deservedly popular among fans of this OS. In the case of Mac OS, the main text file editor is the TextEdit program.
Programs for opening and working with RTF
A more complex rtf structure cannot be opened with a simple notepad and its analogues in other operating systems. Suitable here:
- MS Word, WordPad - for Windows;
- LibreOffice Writer - for Linux;
- TextEdit - for Mac OS.
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