The Persians, defeated in a fierce battle near Marathon by an enemy whose forces were much smaller, were forced to return to Asia, and for ten years they could not come to terms with their defeat. A decade later, they began a new military campaign that would last for many years. Athens at that time itself was the site of political battles between the democratic group and the aristocrats, supported by large and medium-sized landowners. The looming war with the Persians caused fierce disputes between the two warring factions, and preparations for it became a new stumbling block.
In the Battle of Salamis, the Greeks showed not only miracles of bravery and courage, but also became an example for the entire history of mankind of the fact that in the face of even a numerically superior enemy, love for the Motherland, veneration of their shrines, defense of their homes and families, and the freedom so valued by the Greeks, gives strength not only to resist, but also to achieve an unexpected and dazzling victory.
Events the day before: disputes, strife, choice of strategy
Representatives of the Athenian hostile groups also held opposing views on the methods and means of the expected war. Aristides, the then leader of the Athenian aristocrats, believed that Athens would only be saved by ground forces, and demanded that funds be used to build fortifications on land in order to defend the internal territories. This was a defensive tactic, which, given the significant numerical superiority of the enemy, did not bode well for any positive events.
The leader of the democratic group, Themistocles, who went down in the history of Ancient Greece as one of the greatest politicians of that era, was more perspicacious and far-sighted, and considered the tactics proposed by the aristocrats to be incorrect. He proposed not to allow the enemy to approach Athens, but to strengthen the coast of Attica and create a powerful navy. Subsequent events confirmed that he was right and proved that he was a wise and far-sighted politician who knew how to correctly navigate a difficult situation and make the only right decision.
Themistocles' victory in the struggle between two factions ended with the ostracism of Aristides, who was expelled from Athens, and the leader of the democratic group ensured that the income from the famous Laurian silver mines, distributed among the citizens of the Athenian polis, was redirected to defense needs.
In two years, the Athenian fleet increased by 100 units, and amounted to 180 triremes. Themistocles organized the Military Defense Union of Greek Cities, headed by the Spartan commander-in-chief. One can only guess about the global nature of the Athenian leader’s plans, and the course of history that could have taken place if the Persians had delayed a little longer. But two years later, a 100,000-strong Persian army invaded the Thracian coast of the Balkan Peninsula, crossing, led by King Xerxes, across the Hellespont from Asia Minor. The Spartans, led by Leonidas, were unable to contain the Persians in the Thermopylae Gorge, and the Greek fleet, which met them at Cape Artemisia, retreated after the battle to Attica.
In 480 BC. e. the Persians captured and destroyed Athens.
Shortly before this, the civilian population of Athens was evacuated to Salamis and the Peloponnese, and the Greek army also retreated there. The Greek allied fleet, which included about 380 triremes, took refuge in the Strait of Salamis, which was narrow and filled with underwater rocks.
Brilliant strategic move and calculated advantages
The genius of Themistocles allowed him to correctly calculate the further course of events, and even persuade the Spartans not to withdraw their fleet to protect the Peloponnese and Sparta. Knowing full well that the Greeks had no chance against the colossal army of the Persians on land, he decided to deprive the Persians of the fleet, thanks to which they maintained contact with the Persian army from bases in Asia Minor, which supplied everything necessary for the army. The Greeks were on their territory and knew the fairway of the Strait of Salamis very well, while the Persians did not have the necessary knowledge. The Persian ships were large and powerful, but in the narrow strait they lost maneuverability. On the open sea, the Greeks had no chance, but in the narrow and cramped strait they received an undeniable tactical advantage due to the maneuverability of triremes and knowledge of the fairway necessary for military maneuvers.
All these factors robbed the Persians of the advantage they had due to the number of ships. The ships belonged mainly to the Phoenicians and Asia Minor, because the Persians did not have their own fleet. The Allies provided their fleet in the hope of an easy victory and the opportunity to make a good living in rich Greece. The number of the Persian fleet was about 800 combat units, which was more than 2 times larger than the Greek one only in terms of units, not to mention the size and combat equipment. Only in a narrow and cramped strait did the Greeks have a chance of victory, which Themistocles was able to see, supported by his supporters who believed in his genius and insight.
Relying entirely on numerical superiority and significant weapons, September 28, 480 BC. e., Xerxes began to introduce his armada into the Strait of Salamis. The Persians were confident of a quick and easy victory, while the Greeks were determined, and even desperate, because they realized that the fate of all of Greece was being decided in this battle. The Persians intended to easily and simply destroy the Greek fleet, and the Greek fleet, consisting of Athenian and Spartan ships, intended to deprive the Persian army of this opportunity. Information about the battle was preserved due to the fact that the Greek playwright Aeschylus was on one of the Hellenic ships, who later described the course of events in the tragedy “The Persians”.
Great battle and brilliant victory
Huge Phoenician galleys crowded together in a narrow strait and quickly deprived each other of the ability to maneuver, completely blocking the fairway. Attempts to even out the situation only led to even greater chaos, during which they interfered with each other, breaking long oars on the sides.
Fast and small Greek triremes, meanwhile, easily maneuvered between large ships and, obeying the commands of the trierarchs, began to attack the clumsy Phoenician ships. Clouds of arrows rained down on them, but they, hiding behind their shields, boarded the enemy, while those remaining on the triremes, meanwhile, rammed the enemy with the special pointed protrusions of their ships, breaking the oars, completely depriving them of maneuverability.
The Persian-Phoenician fleet, led by Xerxes' brother Ariomenes, lost more than 200 ships in an incredibly short period of time, while the Greeks lost about 40. The surviving ships of the Persian armada rushed to the exit of the strait, and they managed to break into the sea, but they could not continue the battle didn't decide. The resulting defeat led to the fact that the allied fleet soon left for the shores of Asia Minor.
There is no doubt that the idea voiced by Themistocles was fully realized by the commander of the Hellenic allied fleet, Eurybiades. Eurybiades, as commander-in-chief, managed to use the maneuverability of the Greek ships, realize the advantages gained, break up and disperse the experienced enemy fleet, and win an indisputable victory, which entered the annals of the world.
During the battle, many ships ran aground on their own, running into underwater rocks, and some sank, and some were captured by the Greeks. Themistocles used an effective trick, pretending that his ships were retreating into the middle of the strait, and the enemy ships ended up in a place where they could not turn around at all, and meanwhile, the fleeing Greeks stopped and rushed into a furious counterattack.
But the Battle of Salamis also became a clear illustration of the fact that the numerical superiority of the invader can be overcome with the help of skillful maneuver, a brilliant tactical move, the use of territorial advantage, and the moral factor - not in 
last thing. The Greeks fought for their homeland, which was being encroached upon by the aggressor, and this doubled their strength and tripled their superiority over the enemy, whom they intended to prevent from reaching their homes and families. Xerxes, who observed the battle, along with part of the army and the remaining fleet, left Greece and returned to Asia.
A magnificent stage of history
Part of the Persian army, under the command of Mardonius, was still terrorizing the Greek lands. In order to defeat the aggressor, Athens and Sparta united. In 479 BC. e. The Greeks defeated the Persian army with united Greek forces at Plataea in Boeotia. This time the Greeks were commanded by Aristides and Pausanias. There was a long and tedious road to victory over the Persian occupiers, which ended 30 years later with the brilliant victory of the united Greek fleet over the Phoenician-Cypriot fleet near (ironically) the city of the same name, Salamis, off the coast of Cyprus.
The history of Ancient Greece is a history of wars and alliances, conquests and victories, collapse and defeats. To some extent, this is the history of world civilization, written in the form of a summary, the lessons of which were not taken into account by subsequent generations.
Modern elders of Athos Paisiy Svyatogorets
Azerbaijani wines
Azerbaijan is one of the oldest winemaking centers. In the necropolises of Leilatepe and Sarytepe, archaeologists discovered clay vessels for storing wine - evidence of the development of winemaking in Azerbaijan in the Late Bronze Age. The creation of industrial winemaking in Azerbaijan dates back to the middle of the 19th century. In 1815, by order of Emperor Alexander I, the Germans from Württenberg began to create colonies in the Caucasus. About 500 families moved to Transcaucasia. The first appearance of German settlers in Azerbaijan dates back to December 1818. They settled in the suburbs of Ganja and were hospitably received by the Azerbaijanis. The city of Helenendorf (now Goygol) became the first German colony in this area; during the 19th century, the settlements of Annenfeld, Georgsfeld, Alekseevka, Grünfeld, Eigenfeld, Traubenfeld and others were also founded.
Real estate. Thessaloniki
Greece has everything. For example, the beautiful city of Thessaloniki, named after the equally beautiful half-sister of Alexander the Great - Thessaloniki back in 315 BC. It is truly a beautiful historical and cultural center of Greece, which was confirmed by the UNESCO organization, making it a World Heritage City .
Lost Atlantis. (part two)
In the last article, we examined the version that the legendary and mysterious Atlantis is still an invention of ancient Greek philosophers. Now we will present to your attention the opposite point of view. I would like to note that we will only talk about those versions according to which Atlantis was located in the Aegean Sea.
Monasteries in Meteora
Greek Meteora is a rock complex of indescribable beauty in the town of Kalambaka. Today, the six Greek Orthodox Monasteries of Meteora rightfully occupy a place among the top ten attractions of Greece. The monasteries got their name from the Greek. “Meteora” (Μετέωρα), which means “between heaven and earth”, which perfectly describes these majestic structures. In the 11th century, the sandy peak on which the monasteries are located was a place of solitude for Byzantine hermits.
Athens. The island of Salamis is clearly visible on the map as a bend that is not wrapped in a ring. The island is very close to the Greek mainland. There is a strait between them, in one place five hundred meters wide, in another more than a kilometer. It cannot be called high mountain, the peak Mavrovouni rose only 365 meters.
And even then, the mountainousness of Salamis is mainly in the southern part, while the north is flat, only crossed by hills, and it is closer to the mainland. Therefore, logistics - the main roads and settlements are located in flat areas. There are enough forests on the island. The impression from them is that they are as old as the island. Centuries-old trees are not cut down in their “youth”, so they bring joy to generations of islanders.
There are very few hotels on Salamis, because most tourists are Greeks. This is, so to speak, a sleeping or holiday place on the mainland. Here the territory was built up with villas and summer cottages. But this does not mean that tourists are not welcome here.
They come here to the beautiful beaches and to see Hellenic sights: monasteries, churches built several centuries ago. The nature here is cozy and beautiful. It’s rare that any of the island’s guests will not rise to Euripides' cave- on a cliff more than one hundred and ten meters high.
Or will not want to visit the oldest island city Ambelakia with the ruins of an ancient acropolis and a 16th century church. Or visit the valley where the Greek warriors who took part in the Battle of Salamis were concentrated long before our era.
Two wonderful coniferous forests of Faneromeni produce healing air, which, in combination with sea air, cures a number of respiratory diseases.
Battle of Salamis
In the 500s BC, the Greeks clashed with the Persians. Both of them wanted to strengthen themselves: the Persians - at the expense of the Athenian and Spartan lands, and the Greeks sought to defend their islands and policies. The Persians fought on several fronts at the same time, the thirst for profit was so strong in them. For example, in the Greek direction and in. Athens suffered defeats.
The battle of two fleets in the long-lasting Greco-Persian War. Happened in 480 BC near. Even before this, the Persians destroyed Athens, its population moved to the island of Salamis. There, on the narrow inlet channels between the mainland and the island territory, the Greek fleet was located. According to various estimates, from 300 to 400 triremes (oared warships).
But in the face of a new danger, the Greeks decided to unite all forces, forgetting about internal strife. Persian troops crossed from Asia to Europe by land and by sea. Darius took away ships from the conquered peoples, strengthening his fleet. He increased the number of all triremes to 1200 units.
But in the Battle of Artemisia - the prologue Battle of Salamis, the Greeks realized in practice that an advantage in ships did not ensure a quick victory for the Persians. Thanks to the straits, through which enemy triremes rarely traveled, they always fought in open water, and here there was little room for ship maneuvers.
But the allies of the Greeks could not stop the advance of the enemy hordes into the interior of the country. This did not suit any of the rival parties.
The Persians at their meeting decided to give battle to the Greeks at Salamis. Perhaps this was facilitated by a Greek spy from Themistocles, who talked about how weak the Greeks were and it was necessary to defeat them here. Queen Artemisia, who accompanied the army, warned the military commander Xerxes against imposing a battle at Salamis. Stating that the defeat of the fleet would be the end of the existence of the ground forces. They say that the Greeks themselves will soon flee.
The Greeks also had disagreements about the future battle; not everyone perceived Salamis as a territory for victory. The Athenians stood their ground: only here is victory over an enemy superior both in ships and in the experience of naval warriors possible.
For the Persians, the Battle of Salamis was a strategic miscalculation that decided who would win. They also say: listen to the woman, but do it your own way. The queen was right.
The Greeks gradually lured enemy ships into narrow straits. Trier teams Xerxes lost orientation in such a space and became uncontrollable. The ship carrying Queen Artemisia that took part in the battle in the strait found itself in this situation. In the mass of floating craft, it was difficult even to turn to the side, rather than turn around and flee from a naval battle. Moreover, at the beginning of the strait into which the Greeks were lured, an ambush awaited the triremes.
The victory saved Hellas from enslavement by the Persians. Gave a new impetus to the development of ancient Greek culture and its circulation in Europe.
Let us add that in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the provisional government of the rebel Greece was located on the island of Salamis, and the printing industry operated. In the local church of St. Demetrius, the national hero of Greece G. Karaiskakis was buried in 1827.
Cities and resorts of Salamis
On its coastline, there are beaches with a sandy bed for numerous vacationers. Nearby are taverns, boarding houses, private apartments. There is no need to leave the beach anywhere: everything here is at the service of travelers.
If we take into account that a huge amount of sea fish is caught near the island, and some of it is prepared for food near the beaches, then fish tourists, instead of one day, will have a whole week of relaxation in luxurious nature.
Since the north of the island is industrial, most of the beaches are located in the southern part. Three beaches have already been awarded UNESCO awards for cleanliness and improvement.
Salamis- the capital of the island with a population of 30 thousand people. Even smaller policies were included within the city limits. A kind of island metropolis, there is nothing like it anymore.
Vasilika means “royal” in Greek. A cozy village in the northwest. It has an amazingly beautiful beach and everything around it. The sea is always calm.
Zephyros Beach in the settlement of Eandio has received awards for quality of service from UNESCO more than once.
Accommodation for tourists
Mainly in the private sector in small apartments in bungalows. Hotels recommend booking rooms in advance. Tourists are warned not to come to the island on weekends, when there is an influx of mainland holidaymakers.
Salamis on the map
Who watched this movie? Probably not many. And those (like me) probably watched it only because of the first part, in the hope of at least some semblance. But that's not what we're talking about. It turns out I was completely unaware of the historical background of this film. Some percentage of it is still based on real historical events. And here they are.
The Battle of Salamis (480 BC) was a naval battle that took place between the Persian and Greek armies during the famous Greco-Persian War. The battle took place near the island of Salamis, which is located near Athens. According to some accounts, the Greek fleet consisted of 311 or 380 ships, which were able to easily defeat the much larger Persian fleet of 1,000 ships in the narrow strait. It was the Battle of Salamis that became a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian war.
Let's remember these historical events in more detail...
The battle was preceded by a number of events that could significantly influence the further course of the war. The Persian army occupied and destroyed Athens. Residents of the city were previously evacuated to the nearby island of Salamis. The entire allied Greek fleet was concentrated in the narrow straits between the island and the mainland. There are different opinions regarding the size of both fleets; the only constant is the point of view that the Persians had numerical superiority. The most often cited figures are: approximately 310 Greek rowing triremes (according to Aeschylus - 311 ships, Herodotus - about 380), against 1200 Persian ones. However, the famous Soviet historian, Professor S. Lurie, believes that no more than 500 Persian ships actually took part in the battle. But one point should be noted: the Persian ships were for the most part heavier and larger than the Greek ones. Naturally, there was no talk of any naval artillery in that era; the main means of fighting the enemy at sea were ramming and boarding (if the latter was successful, the enemy ship could be set on fire and sunk). So the size of the ship and the number of warriors that could fit on it were of significant importance.
Serious disagreements arose among the Hellenes. Most military leaders proposed leaving Salamis and directing all forces to defend the Isthmus of Corinth. The Athenian strategist Themistocles pointed out that only in narrow straits could the Greeks defeat the Persian fleet, which was superior in both the number of ships and the quality of training of sailors. Seeing the impossibility of influencing the decisions of other military leaders, he decided on a trick. Having sent his trusted messenger to Xerxes, he ordered to tell him that the Greeks were going to flee, and if the king wanted to destroy the Greek fleet, then he should immediately begin battle.
For the Greeks, the only possibility of a decisive naval victory was a battle in a narrow space, where the enemy’s numerical superiority was leveled out. By entering the straits between the mainland and Salamis, the Persians deprived themselves of their advantages. For them, the start of the Battle of Salamis was a decisive strategic mistake, which determined the outcome of the battle and the further course of the war.
The main source that has survived to this day describing the naval battle at Salamis is the VIII book of Herodotus’s “History”. Regardless of Herodotus, the event was described by Ctesias of Cnidus, who lived at the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes II, in his work “Persian History”. The tragedy “The Persians” by the ancient Greek playwright and battle participant Aeschylus is also of historical interest. In it, a direct witness to the Battle of Salamis described his feelings about the death of the Persian fleet.
The Battle of Salamis and other events of the Greco-Persian wars were given considerable attention by the ancient historians Diodorus, Plutarch and Cornelius Nepos, who lived much later.
The Greek city-states of Athens and Eretria assisted the sister city-states of Ionia in their unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of the Persian king Darius in 499-494 BC. e. The Persian Empire was quite young at that time. It was often shaken by uprisings of conquered peoples. The rebels, together with the Athenians, managed to capture and burn an important city of the empire and the capital of the satrapy of Sardis. Darius wanted to take revenge on the Greeks who took part in the uprising, who were beyond his control.
Darius also saw an opportunity to conquer the scattered ancient Greek cities. In 492 BC. e. During the military expedition of the Persian commander Mardonius, Thrace was conquered, Macedonia recognized the supreme power of the Persian king. Thus, the Persians provided their ground forces with passage to the territory of Ancient Greece. In 491 BC. e. Darius sent envoys to all independent Greek cities demanding "land and water", which corresponded to submission and recognition of the Persian authority. Realizing the strength and military might of the Achaemenid state, all the cities of ancient Hellas, except Sparta and Athens, accepted humiliating demands. In Athens, the ambassadors were tried and executed. In Sparta they were thrown into a well, offering to take earth and water from there.
In 490 BC. e. The Persian fleet under the command of Datis and Artaphernes was sent to conquer Athens. On the way to Athens, Eretria was conquered and destroyed. The army landed in Attica, but was defeated by the Athenians and Plataeans at the Battle of Marathon. After this unsuccessful expedition, Darius began to gather a huge army to conquer all of Greece. His plans were thwarted by an uprising in Egypt in 486 BC. e., and soon Darius died. The throne was taken by his son Xerxes. Having suppressed the Egyptian uprising, Xerxes continued preparations for the campaign against Greece.
Themistocles came to power in Athens. The period between the Marathon battle and the invasion of Xerxes is called by the antiquarian Surikov “the era of Themistocles.” While the Persians were gathering an army to conquer Hellas, the Athenian politician contributed to the creation of a powerful fleet. The Athenians had a custom of dividing among themselves the proceeds from the silver mines in Laurion. The owner of these mines was the state. After the fall of the tyrants, state property began to be considered the property of all citizens. If, after covering all state needs, significant sums remained in the coffers, then this surplus was divided among the Athenians. Themistocles proposed using the funds received for the construction of ships. The proposal was received very ambiguously. By accepting it, every Athenian was deprived of a small but reliable monetary benefit provided by the state. Preparing ships for the war with the Persians, Themistocles understood that the Athenians would not agree with him, since they did not consider the barbarians defeated at Marathon to be a serious threat. Therefore, he convinced his fellow citizens that new ships and a powerful fleet were necessary for the war with Aegina, an island that was waging a continuous war with Athens. It was this policy that ultimately led to the crushing defeat of Xerxes' army.
In 481 BC. e. Xerxes sent envoys to most of the Greek city-states demanding "land and water", except Athens and Sparta. At the end of autumn 481 BC. e. A pan-Greek meeting took place in Corinth. In the face of a common danger, an alliance was concluded and internecine wars were stopped. Embassies were sent to the Greek colonies asking for help. Technically, it was difficult to implement the decisions of the Pan-Greek Congress due to the fragmentation of the ancient Greeks, the hostility between them and internecine wars.
In 480 BC. e. Xerxes' army began transporting from Asia to Europe. In addition to the ground army, Xerxes had a powerful fleet, equipped with the coastal and island peoples that were part of his state.
All spring and summer 480 BC. e. The campaign of the Persian army continued along the coast of the Aegean Sea. An attempt by a Greek detachment led by the Spartan king Leonidas to block the Persian army’s path to the Thermopylae Gorge ended in failure. The Persians broke into central Greece. The Greek fleet, which met the Persian ships at Cape Artemisia, was forced to retreat to the south and stood off the western coast of Attica.
The position of the Greek fleet at Salamis, according to all the rules of naval art, seemed from the outside to be as unfavorable as possible. Judge for yourself: the fleet is stationed in a narrow space, both exits from it are easily controlled by the enemy, there is nowhere to deploy triremes for battle, and there is nowhere to retreat in case of attack. But Themistocles deliberately took a risk - let this “disadvantageous” position serve as bait for the enemy! And the trick was that the Greeks took into account the conditions of the area. They knew perfectly well all the currents, reefs and shoals in the bays and straits of Salamis. The Persian ships were controlled mainly by Phoenicians - excellent sailors, but it was off the coast of a little-known island that all their thousand-year experience turned out to be useless!
But “positional cunning” was only half the battle for Themistocles. The problem was that the Persians did not really need a fight in such a situation. Some naval commanders of Xerxes (for example, the ruler of the city of Halicarnassus, Artemisia, who commanded a detachment of five ships) reasoned quite sensibly: let the Greeks sit in a trap, and when they get tired, they get out and attack themselves, and that’s where we’ll turn around! These arguments are mentioned in the writings of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus. King Xerxes, despite the obvious superiority of his fleet, also hesitated.
Themistocles, as an experienced military leader, probably guessed what his opponents were thinking about. In addition, there was also no unity among the Greeks regarding the position at Salamis. Eurybiades, who commanded the ships from Sparta and formally stood “above” Themistocles on the ladder of military leaders (the Athenian, however, had his own compelling argument in the form of 200 triremes - that is, the majority of the fleet), persistently proposed to relocate closer to the Peloponnese, to the Isthmus of Corinth, and even ordered to prepare for a breakthrough. For Themistocles, who not without reason believed that the Greeks were doomed to defeat on the high seas, there was only one way out: to immediately lure the Persians into battle! And the Athenian used a trick unprecedented up to that time, which can be called “false betrayal.”
The teacher of his children, a slave named Sicinnus (curiously, of Persian origin) went to Xerxes and promised that Themistocles’s detachment would go over to the Persian side in battle. “As proof of his devotion, Themistocles informs the king about the plans of the Greeks. The king should lock both exits from the Strait of Salamis and prevent the Greeks from leaving,” the slave said. Xerxes believed these words. And the Persian ships climbed into Themistocles’ trap, blocking the exits from the strait, including the narrowest and most inconvenient for large ships - at Cape Kamatero. It was there that the main events unfolded.
The battle itself took place in accordance with Themistocles' plans. Some Persian ships ran aground safely, where they were captured by the Greeks. Several ships hit reefs and sank without any enemy intervention at all. And most of the advanced Persian ships fell victim to another trick of Themistocles: the Athenian naval commander pretended that his ships in the center of the position were retreating, and “pulled” the Persians with him into a place in the strait where they physically had nowhere to even turn around. When the Hellenes stopped and launched a furious counterattack, the Persians were forced to retreat in disarray, colliding with other ships of their own fleet and sinking them. By evening, the Persian flotilla, reduced by at least half, hastily left Salamis, which was fatal for it. The Greeks regained command of the sea, and a year later, at the Battle of Plataea, they defeated the foot army of Xerxes, putting an end to plans for the conquest of Greece.
Well, as for the film, of course there is little historical truth. For example, Paul Cartledge, a professor of classical studies at the University of Cambridge, noted that in reality neither Xerxes nor Darius were present at the Battle of Marathon, and the latter could not have been killed in Greece by Themistocles, as shown in the film. Contrary to the film, Artemisia actually opposed the naval battle with the Greeks in the strait and did not die in the Greco-Persian Wars. The Spartan fleet added only 16 warships to the total Greek fleet of 400 ships, and not a huge armada at all
sources
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5% D0%B2:_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5% D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8
http://voenternet.ru/artofwars/2013/04/03/%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0 %BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%83%D0 %BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE/
http://www.muzffam.ru/articlematerial19
Here are some other related topics I would like to remind you of: here we looked into this, and here. Find out also what it means and who they are The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -Than among tourists. There are no significant historical attractions on the island, but all conditions have been created here for a relaxing holiday in the lap of nature, but not in isolation from civilization. Salamis has three “promoted” beaches, one of which has been the owner of the Blue Flag for many years now, and an innumerable number of intimate picturesque corners of the coast. However, it is quite possible to dilute your beach holiday with a moderate dose of sightseeing on Salamis - tourists can enjoy the Euripides Cave, where the great playwright once created the “imperishable”, a monastery and an interesting archaeological museum. Last but not least, Salamis is famous for its nightclubs, which cluster in the Agios Nikolaos area of the island's capital.
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How to get to Salamis
The main port of Salamis is called Palukia. A ferry departs here from Perama every quarter of an hour; the journey takes about 20 minutes. The journey from Piraeus will take a little longer - about 40 minutes, the line is served by boats. You can also arrive to Salamis from Megara - ferries depart every half hour and cover the distance to the island in just five minutes.
In the summer, Athens residents literally rush to Salamis like a tsunami wave on weekends, so it’s best to leave a visit to the island on a weekday. But even in this case, you should not count on silence and privacy on the beaches of Salamis.
Search for air tickets to Athens (the nearest airport to Salamis)
Cities and resorts of Salamis
Salamis is the capital of the island and its largest city with a population of about 30 thousand people. In fact, Salamis includes several secondary towns that have merged together in the process of expansion. Salamis is the main place of “civilization” on the island and the center of its resort life. Most of the entertainment is also located here.
Eandio is the second most important settlement of Salamis, located just 6 km from the capital. The main places of tourist interest here are the picturesque landscapes, elite villas of wealthy Athenians and a very beautiful view from the top of the mountain.
Vasilika is a pretty village in the northwestern part of the island. The name, translated from Greek as “royal”, is more than justified: there is a magnificent sandy beach and an exceptionally beautiful, calm sea.
Zephyros Beach in Eandio is one of the most popular, repeatedly awarded the Blue Flag.
Transport on the island
The most convenient way to get around Salamis is by taxi. In the port of Palukia, cars await each ferry and quickly transport vacationers to the resorts. Most go to the capital Salamis, Eandio, Vasilika and Paloukia itself, but if you decide to visit a remote village, taxis will take you there without any problems. Salamis also has public transport - municipal and intercity Ktel buses.
Weather in Salamis
Despite the fact that Salamis is separated from mainland Greece by a strait only 2 km wide, the local climate is noticeably different from Athens. The island's aquatic environment contributes to milder temperatures throughout the year. In summer it is about 4-5 degrees cooler here than on the mainland (which is why Athenians love to spend hot days here), and in winter it is just as much warmer. It is comfortable to swim in the coastal waters of Salamis from mid-May to mid-October.
Salamis Hotels
The main accommodation option in Salamis is private pensions and guest houses, as well as numerous apartments and villas rented out by local residents. The largest selection is in the capital, Eandio and Vasilika, but you can also choose accommodation options in remote villages.
There are very few high-quality apartments on the island; good quality accommodation should be booked in advance, and if you are unpretentious, there are a large number of options at your disposal.
Beaches of Salamis
The capital's beaches are not very popular among visitors who are mainly looking for silence and solitude, preferring to come to the capital in the evenings to have a good time at the Agios Nikolaos disco.
Zephyros Beach in Eandio is one of the most popular, repeatedly awarded the Blue Flag. Its surface is sand and small pebbles, and the entrance to the water is gentle. There are umbrellas, sun loungers, showers and changing cabins, as well as many restaurants and taverns nearby.
Peristeria Beach is considered the cleanest in Salamis. This place is also popular among yachtsmen - there is a modern marina here.
Kanakia Beach is famous for its beauty and privacy. There is a flat and gently sloping seabed and exceptionally picturesque views: a pine forest approaches the water itself, and in front, in the bay, two rocky islands rise.
The northern beach of Ilyakti is an ideal place for families with children and those who like to splash in the shallow water. There is a sandy bottom and a very gentle, long descent into the water. There are no waves in Ilyakte Bay, and the water warms up well in shallow waters.
Kaki Villa Beach is located on the southern coast of Salamis, near Eandio. It is famous for its clear water and relative sparseness of people, as well as picturesque landscapes: olive and pine groves framing the coastline.
Cuisine and restaurants
Like other Greek islands, Salamis is gastronomically famous primarily for its delicious fish and seafood dishes. Local “chefs” skillfully use everything that the Greek land and the Aegean Sea are rich in, so you won’t get bored with Salamis cuisine even in the third week of your vacation. Shellfish, squid, cuttlefish and shrimp are all served in abundance in Salamis restaurants. The main course is usually accompanied by unleavened flatbread “platatsi”, and at the end of the meal you can order a sweet pumpkin pie “couluari”. Another popular pie is called pupecki. Excellent homemade wines should not be neglected either.
Shopping and shops
More for impressions than for practical purposes, it is worth checking out the fish market of Salamis Ichthyoagora - they sell all kinds of sea creatures and a lot of different fish here. The selected product will be fried for you in “folk” restaurants here, accompanying the fish with snacks and drinks.
Popular souvenirs from Salamis are pseudo-antiquities (amphoras, coins, figurines), ceramics and wood products, textiles and embroidery. They can be found at every resort on the island and on stalls near attractions.
Most civilized shops selling clothes, shoes, interior items and accessories are located in Salamis (in the already mentioned area of Agios Nikolaos) and Eandio. Shops are open from 8:00 to 14:00 and from 17:30 to 19:00; on Saturdays, opening hours are reduced by half an hour on each side.
Entertainment and attractions of Salamis
The main must-sees of Salamis are connected with the ancient history of Greece, and the two key characters “responsible” for the Salamis excursion are the mythical king Ajax and the no less legendary poet and playwright Euripides. You can honor the memory of Ajax, a participant in the Trojan epic, in the settlement of Colones, where there are the ruins of a temple once built in honor of this king. This is the oldest Mycenaean-era structure on the island and one of the oldest in Greece. Other ruins from the Mycenaean period are located in Kanakia - this is the ancient Acropolis, built in honor of the triad of Greek gods. On the way to Kanakia, we also recommend paying attention to the Church of St. John Kaliviti (10th century), in the interior of which you can discern fragments of original frescoes, and the Monastery of St. Nicholas (15th century).
Near Peristeria, it is worth visiting the ruins of the Temple of Dionysus, as well as the Cave of Euripides. According to legend, for better inspiration, the playwright loved to retire to this cave. The fruit of solitude was more than 80 tragedies, of which as many as eighteen have reached us! The cave extends 47 meters deep into the rock and consists of ten small rooms.
The Byzantine period left its mark with a considerable number of churches. Among the most interesting are the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Eandio (12th century), once an episcopal metropolis, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (11th century) and the chapel of St. Gregory.
The medieval history of Salamis is presented to travelers by the ruins of the settlement of Ginani, located in the southern part of the island, in an area called Makri Livadi.
The Monastery of the Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary is located in the northwestern part of Salamis. It was founded in 1640 by St. Lawrence. According to legend, the Virgin Mary herself showed the way to the righteous man to the holy place, where he found her miraculous icon and founded a monastery. At the same time, the Mother of God miraculously helped St. Lawrence swim to the island on her cloak. The icon can still be seen in the monastery, and from August 23 to 25, solemn processions are held annually in its honor.
In Salamis, it is worth visiting the Archaeological Museum with a rich collection of artifacts found on the island, the oldest of which date back to the Neolithic era, and the Ethnographic Museum, where you can learn more about the culture, traditions and rituals of the island's inhabitants.
Surroundings of Salamis
During the summer, many ferries operate between Salamis and the other Saronic Islands. It is definitely worth sailing to the neighboring islands - Aegina, famous for its beaches, wonderful nature and the ancient temple of Athea, and the charming little Angistri. Lying a little further, Poros is interesting for the ruins of the Temple of Poseidon, the monastery of the Life-Giving Source, standing on a high mountain behind the Lemon Forest, the archaeological museum and the Clock Tower.
Salamis is the closest island to Athens, one of the Argosaronic islands. Here in 480 BC. e. One of the most famous battles of ancient history took place (the Battle of Salamis), in which the Greeks under the command of Themistocles defeated the Persian fleet. Salamis is also Ajax Island- Homeric hero who led the Salaminians in the Trojan War.
Description and attractions
The natural beauty of the island - its beautiful sandy beaches, rocky shores and rich vegetation - attracts more and more tourists every year.
Faneromeni Nunnery, built in the 17th century, with a cathedral dating back to the 11th century. The monastery was founded Joseph Lawrence, who allegedly saw the image of Panagia 3 times, showing him the place where her icon was located. And in fact, this icon was located exactly there, which is why the monastery of Panagia Faneromeni, that is, Panagia Revealed, was built on this place.
Museum of Folk Art and History, where exhibits dating back to the Mycenaean era are presented - mainly ceramics, as well as ship models - a collection that deserves special attention.
Cave of Euripides, which is approximately 47 meters long and is located in a rock 115 meters high. It was opened archaeologist Janu Lolu. It is believed that this cave was the retreat of Euripides.
Euripides Theater, built in 1993 following the example of ancient Greek theaters, with a capacity of 3,000 people, where theatrical performances and various concerts are held. Located 8 km. from the city.
Secluded sandy beaches with picturesque fish taverns, especially in the western part of the island.
Forests of Salamis. There are 2 beautiful coniferous forests on the island - Faneromeni forest(great for walks and for morning and evening jogging) and Kanakion forest(for mountain biking, where competitions in this sport are also held).
How to get there
(Area - 95 sq. km., coastline length - 104 km., population - more than 28,000 inhabitants)
By ferry from the port of Piraeus to the villages of Palukia, Kamatero, Selinya and Peristeria (the last two - only in summer), as well as by ferry from Perama to Palukia and from Perama near Megara to Faneromeni.
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