WinAmp. It is very convenient for listening to music files in mp3 format. But she still has one interesting feature- This is listening to radio stations. Of course, such functions will not surprise anyone; sometimes it is enough to go to the website of a popular radio station and listen to the Internet broadcast. But WinAmp offers users almost 9000 radio stations. And it doesn’t just offer, but sorts by style, direction, language and country.
How to set up a radio in WinAmp
To configure the radio correctly, you need to additionally install the WinAmp Library component for the WinAmp player. It is available for downloading from the Internet from the manufacturer's website. After downloading and installing the additional component, launch WinAmp. Let's start setting up the radio. Go to “Settings” and in the Online Media tab set the number of radio stations to listen to. By default, there are only 600 stations installed, but on the Internet their number is in the thousands. We set the value with a margin of 20 thousand. We exit the player and start searching for radio stations.
Select Internet Radio from the menu. Then in the window on the right we activate the Refresh button. The list of available radio stations will begin to download. From now on you can listen to radio stations.
To configure the radio correctly, you need to filter the list by style and direction. To do this, you can specify several types in the Genre menu - classical, rock, pop, jazz, etc., and you can also select countries. If the user’s list of priorities includes not only music, but also news, then you can activate filters by topic - politics, sports, regional news. In addition, there is a function to search for radio stations by name. Having selected the radio station you are interested in, activate playback either using the Play button, or double click mice. You can add your favorite radio stations to your “Favorites” list.
Using the WinAmp player, you can find many unexpected radio stations on the Internet. Foreign radio amateurs often broadcast “intercepted” police or air traffic control radio communications on the Internet. In a word, surveying radio broadcasts is just as entertaining as simply surfing the Internet. It will take several months of time and a substantial gigabyte of traffic to study radio stations.
Please note that WinAmp in radio mode consumes approximately 62 megabytes of Internet traffic per hour of listening. Radio stations transmit at 128 kbit/s, so owners of limited packages should take this fact into account.
Once upon a time there was a Sony radio, when it was sold they said it was Japanese, the price made me believe it, and later I assured everyone that it came from there. Its objective dignity clear sound. True, there was a small nuance - the FM scale of the 88-108 MHz range, but at the store there was a magician who, for a “small share”, performed a miracle - he filled the scale with many Russian-speaking radio stations. Operated the radio according to full program, but remembering how much was paid for it, they did not throw it or at it. So it was not badly preserved, despite its very respectable age. But the radio broadcasting stations that she caught first diminished, and then there were none left at all.
There is a lot of information on the Internet about setting up sound-reproducing equipment, written competently and in detail. This is a blessing for students of radio engineering universities; they can easily be used instead of notes to prepare for exams, but this information will not help the owner of a sick radio; he is not in the business of increasing his intelligence, but of repairing the receiver. Or throw it away, it’s no longer a shame.
He opened the case and began to disassemble it into its component parts. There are no complaints about either the power supply, which turned out to be super primitive, which is at the bottom left, or the tape drive mechanism of the tape recorder, to the right of it. One produces its 12 V “on the mountain”, and the second regularly pulls the magnetic tape.
And here printed circuit board I wanted to understand a little. I checked everything for warm-up electrolytic capacitors on the actual presence of capacity and ESR. It's hard to believe, but everyone turned out to be completely fine. I unsoldered and disassembled the volume control - a variable resistor, for example, for revision. Once upon a time, a long time ago, he acted a little badly and was, through a medical syringe with a needle, awarded a portion of machine oil. Does it need a supplement? And there was so much oil in it that I could just put it on the frying pan, blot off the excess, and return it to its place. I washed the board on the side of the printed conductors with formic alcohol specially purchased at the pharmacy (they didn’t give anything else), and then, so that there was no white residue left from it, with hot water and shampoo. It turned out not bad, although this method is perceived by ear as a bit wild.
The wire contacts going to the speaker have been soldered. And around the circumference of the speaker I installed a rim - a flexible tube cut lengthwise from a medical dropper. This is so that the metal of the speaker does not rest on the plastic of the housing - it will definitely not worsen the sound characteristics.
And then, very opportunely, I remembered that the master who was modifying the radio tape recorder spoke about some kind of wire spirals. There were several of them on the board, all in the area of the variable capacitor. Partially assembled the device, turned it on, and at the desired range began to touch the copper wires wound in rings with a screwdriver. Two did not respond, and as soon as I touched the third, characteristic sound changes appeared in the dynamics. Found! Bottom one in the photo. I touched it well with tweezers, but it was dangling. I desoldered it, straightened it and wound it again, on a mandrel of a suitable diameter. Soldered it in place. The FM band came to life. At this point I finally got bolder and let’s move the coils with a screwdriver (increase and decrease the gap between them). In response to my actions, the location and number of stations on the scale began to change. But the most convenient for setting were two tweezers. He stretched and squeezed them like an accordion, only gently. See this action clearly in the video.
Video
As a result, I chose the combination of stations that suited me and had the optimal location on the scale. The only difficulty is to do everything slowly, otherwise, you know, you want everything faster. Good luck! The simplest option for a possible restoration repair - settings - was shared by Babay iz Barnaula.
Every radio receiver has settings for a certain frequency, most of them even have fixed settings, which is very convenient. If the receiver is digital, that is, it has electronic tuning, then fixing one or another radio station on a specific channel will not be difficult. This process will be a little more difficult to occur on receivers with a regular tuning scale. But, in any case, the user manual describes in detail how to set up the radio and how many stations you can store in its memory. However, all this can be done only after purchasing this very radio. Many people are faced with the problem of choice these days, because there are so many different models in stores.
For those who want to listen to all radio stations, an all-wave receiver is the best option. And if it has the ability to receive VHF waves, then it will be simply happiness, because such receivers can also pick up radio conversations. Therefore, it is worth thinking about how to choose a radio receiver, for what purposes will it be used and what should it be like? If this is a “cabinet” receiver, then the standard FM and AM bands will be quite enough for it. For “portable” and “hiking” receivers, it is better to be able to “listen” to all frequencies, since hiking can also be in unfamiliar areas, where the radio can broadcast on any frequencies. With “portable” ones, you can just play around and eavesdrop on other people’s conversations if they use walkie-talkies.
If you can’t buy such a receiver, then you should think about how to assemble a radio receiver so that it can “hear” in the required range. To do this, you need to be a radio amateur, or have one of them as very close friends. You can, of course, scour the Internet and look for step by step instructions for assembling a radio receiver. But there are also pitfalls, because not all the necessary parts can be bought; some you have to make yourself. Therefore, if you have a friend who is a radio amateur, then you can ask him how the radio works, what parts you can buy, and which parts you need to make yourself and how, and most importantly, from what? After the answers to the questions have been received, you can begin to search for the necessary parts, both for the receiver and parts for the parts for your radio.
You will have to do a lot of shopping, look in the pantry for old equipment and rummage through it in search of the necessary parts. After this, you will have to spend a lot of time with a soldering iron in your hands and use up several grams of tin and wires. And now, when all the parts are ready, you will need to turn to a friend with the question of how to make a radio receiver so that it works reliably and for a long time. It doesn’t matter much what the radio receiver will be like. Both homemade and purchased receivers receive radio waves. If he brings pleasure to his owner, then he will fulfill his purpose.
Setting up a transistor receiver is, in principle, little different from setting up a tube receiver. After making sure that the low-frequency amplifier is corrected and the lamps or transistors of the receiver are operating in normal modes, proceed to adjusting the circuits. Tuning begins with the detector stage, then moves on to the IF amplifier, local oscillator and input circuits.
It is best to customize circuits using a generator high frequency. If it is not there, then you can tune by ear, using the received radio stations. In this case, you may only need an avometer of any type (TT-1, VK7-1) and another receiver, the intermediate frequency of which is equal to the intermediate frequency of the receiver being tuned, but sometimes they are tuned without any instruments. When setting up, the Avometer serves as an indicator of the output signal.
When setting up the IF amplifier circuits in a tube receiver, when an RF generator and a tube voltmeter are used for this purpose, the latter must not be connected to the lamp grid, since the input capacitance of the voltmeter is added to the capacitance of the grid circuit. When setting up circuits, a voltmeter should be connected to the anode of the next lamp. In this case, the circuit in the anode circuit of this lamp must be bypassed with a resistor with a resistance of about 500 - 1000 Ohms.
Having finished setting up the IF amplification path, proceed to setting up the local oscillator and RF amplifier. If the receiver has several bands, then the tuning begins with the KB band, and then proceeds to tuning.
Contours of the NE and LW ranges. Short-wave coils (and sometimes medium-wave), unlike long-wave coils, usually do not have cores; they are most often wound on cylindrical (and sometimes ribbed) frames. The inductance of such coils is changed when adjusting the circuits, moving or pushing apart the turns of the coils.
In order to determine whether the turns should be shifted or moved apart in a given circuit, it is necessary to alternately insert a piece of ferrite and a brass (or copper) rod into the coil or bring it closer to it. It is even more convenient to perform this operation if, instead of a separate piece of ferrite and a brass rod, you use a special combined indicator stick, at one end of which magnetite (ferrite) is fixed, and at the other - a brass rod.
The inductance of the RF amplifier circuit coil should be increased if, at the points where the circuits connect, the volume of the signal at the receiver output increases when ferrite is introduced into the coil and decreases when a brass rod is introduced, and vice versa, the inductance should be reduced if the volume increases when a brass rod is inserted and decreases with the introduction of ferrite. If the circuit is configured correctly, a weakening of the signal volume at the interface points occurs when both ferrite and brass rods are introduced.
The circuits of the NE and LW ranges are configured in the same order. Changing the inductance of the circuit coil at the coupling points is carried out in these ranges by appropriate adjustment of the ferrite core.
When making homemade contour coils, it is recommended to wind a few obviously extra turns. If, when setting up the circuits, it turns out that the inductance of the loop coil is insufficient, winding up the turns on the finished coil will be much more difficult than winding up the extra turns during the setup process itself.
To make it easier to adjust the contours and calibrate the scale, you can use the factory receiver. By comparing the angles of rotation of the axes of the variable capacitors of the tuned receiver and the factory one (if the blocks are the same) or the position of the scale indicators, determine in which direction the circuit adjustment needs to be shifted. If the station on the scale of the tuned receiver is closer to the beginning of the scale than that of the factory one, then the capacitance of the tuning capacitor of the local oscillator circuit should be reduced, and vice versa, if closer to the middle of the scale, it should be increased.
Methods for checking a local oscillator in a tube receiver. You can check whether the local oscillator is working in a tube receiver different ways: Using a voltmeter, optical tuning indicator, etc.
When using a voltmeter, it is connected in parallel with the resistor in the anode circuit of the local oscillator. If the short circuit of the capacitor plates in the local oscillator circuit causes an increase in the voltmeter readings, then the local oscillator is working. The voltmeter must have a resistance of at least 1000 Ohm/V and be set to a measurement limit of 100 - 150 V.
Checking the operation of the local oscillator with an optical tuning indicator (6E5C lamp) is also simple. To do this, the control grid of the local oscillator lamp is connected with a short conductor to the grid of the 6E5C lamp through a resistor with a resistance of 0.5 - 2 MOhm. The dark sector of the tuning indicator should be completely closed during normal operation of the local oscillator. By changing the dark sector of the 6E5C lamp when rotating the receiver tuning knob, one can judge the change in the amplitude of the generator voltage in different parts of the range. If the amplitude unevenness is observed within significant limits, more uniform generation over the range can be achieved by selecting the number of turns of the coupling coil.
The operation of the local oscillator of the transistor receiver is checked by measuring the voltage at the local oscillator load (most often at the emitter of the transistor of the frequency converter or mixer). The local oscillator voltage, at which frequency conversion is most effective, lies in the range of 80 - 150 mV on all ranges. The voltage across the load is measured with a lamp voltmeter (VZ-2A, VZ-3, etc.). When the local oscillator circuit is closed, its oscillations are interrupted, which can be noted by measuring the voltage across its load.
Sometimes self-excitation can be eliminated very in simple ways. So, in order to eliminate self-excitation in the IF amplification stage, a resistor with a resistance of 100 - 150 Ohms can be connected to the control grid circuit of the lamp of this stage. The amplification of the intermediate frequency voltage in the cascade will decrease slightly, since only a small part of the input signal voltage is lost across the resistance.
In transistor receivers, self-excitation can occur if the battery or batteries are discharged. In this case, the battery should be replaced and the batteries should be charged.
In some cases, self-excitation in the receiver and TV can be eliminated by such measures as moving the grounding individual elements circuits, alteration of installation, etc. The effectiveness of measures taken to combat self-excitation can often be assessed in the following way.
Rice. 25. To explain the method of eliminating self-excitation in transistor reflex receivers
The receiver or TV is connected to an regulated power source (that is, to a source whose voltage supplied to the anode circuits can be varied within wide limits), and a lamp voltmeter or other dial indicator is turned on at the output of the receiver. Since at the moment self-excitation occurs, the voltage at the output of the receiver changes sharply, the deviation of the indicator arrow makes it easy to note this. The voltage taken from the source is controlled by a voltmeter.
If self-excitation occurs at the rated voltage, then the supply voltage is reduced to a value at which generation stops. Then they take certain measures against self-excitation and increase the voltage until generation occurs, noting it on a voltmeter. If the measures are successfully taken, the threshold for self-excitation should increase significantly.
In transistor reflex receivers, self-excitation can occur due to poor placement of the high-frequency transformer (or inductor) relative to the magnetic antenna. Such self-excitation can be eliminated by using a short-circuited turn of copper wire with a diameter of 0.6 - 1.0 mm (Fig. 25). A U-shaped wire bracket is threaded through the hole in the board, bent from the bottom, twisted and soldered to the common wire of the receiver. The bracket can serve as an element for fastening the transformer. If the transformer winding is wound uniformly on the ferrite ring, then the corresponding orientation of the short-circuited turn relative to other ferrite parts is not required.
Why does the receiver “howl” on the KB band. It can often be observed that a superheterodyne receiver, when receiving a broadcast station on short waves, begins to “howl” with a slight detuning. However, if the receiver is tuned more accurately to the station being received, reception becomes normal again.
The reason for the "howl" when the receiver operates on short waves is the acoustic coupling between the receiver's loudspeaker and the tuning capacitor bank.
This generation can be eliminated by improving the depreciation of the tuning unit, as well as reducing various accessible ways acoustic feedback- changing the method of mounting the loudspeaker, etc.
Setting up an IF amplifier using another receiver. At the beginning of this section, a method was described for tuning a radio receiver using simple instruments. In the absence of such devices, tuning radios is usually done by ear, without instruments. However, it should be said right away that this method does not provide sufficient adjustment accuracy and can only be used as a last resort.
To tune the IF amplifier circuits, instead of a standard signal generator, you can use another receiver, the intermediate frequency of which is equal to the intermediate frequency of the tuned receiver. -For a tuned tube receiver, the AGC wire running from the diode to the control grids of the adjustable lamps must be disconnected from the diode during setup and connected to the chassis. If this is not done, the AGC system will make it difficult to fine-tune the bandpass filters. In addition, when setting up an IF amplifier, it is necessary to disrupt the oscillations of the local oscillator by blocking its circuit with a capacitor with a capacity of 0.25 - 0.5 μF.
The auxiliary receiver used in this case does not need to be subjected to any significant modifications. To set up, you only need a few additional parts: a variable resistor (0.5 - 1 MOhm), two fixed capacitors and two or three fixed resistors.
Setting up amplifier circuits. The receiver IF is produced as follows. The auxiliary receiver is pre-tuned to one of the local stations operating in the long or medium wave range. Next, the common wires or chassis of both receivers are connected to each other, and the wire going in the tube receiver to the control grid of the lamp of the first IF amplification stage of the auxiliary receiver is disconnected and connected to the control grid of the lamp of the corresponding stage of the IF amplifier of the tuned receiver. In the case of setting up a transistor receiver, the IF signal through capacitors with a capacity of 500 - 1000 pF is supplied alternately to the bases of the transistors of the corresponding stages of the IF amplifier.
Then both receivers are turned on again, however, in order to avoid interference during tuning, the low-frequency part of the auxiliary receiver, as well as the local oscillator of the receiver being tuned, should be turned off (in tube receivers, by removing the lamps of the bass amplifier and local oscillator, respectively).
When setting up the IF amplifier stages of a transistor receiver, its local oscillator should be turned off by installing a jumper in the local oscillator circuit.
After this, by applying an intermediate frequency signal from the auxiliary receiver to the input of the IF amplifier being tuned and smoothly adjusting the settings of the IF circuits of the latter, we achieve audibility of the station to which the auxiliary receiver is tuned. Then they continue to adjust each circuit separately (to the maximum signal level), and the adjustment is best done using a pointer device connected to the output of the low-frequency amplifier, or using an optical indicator (6E5C lamp or similar).
Start tuning from the last inverter circuit; the signal is supplied to the base of the corresponding transistor or directly to the grid of the lamp in the anode circuit of which the tuned circuit is included.
If the setting is carried out not according to the optical indicator, but according to the sound volume, then it is recommended to set the volume level to minimum, since the human ear is more sensitive to changes in the volume level with weak sounds.
About tuning the receiver by radio stations. Tuning a superheterodyne receiver - tube or transistor - for received stations without using an auxiliary receiver usually begins on the KB band. By adjusting the IF circuits for maximum noise and rotating the tuning knob, the receiver is set to any of the audible stations. If it is possible to receive such a station, then they immediately begin to adjust the IF circuits, achieving maximum audibility (tuning begins with the last IF circuit). Then the heterodyne and input circuits are tuned, first at short, then at medium and long waves. It should be noted that setting up receivers using this method is complex, time-consuming and requires experience and skills.
Lamp 6E5S - indicator during setup. As already mentioned, it is not recommended to adjust the receiver circuits in terms of sound volume, especially if you are installing high level output volume. The sensitivity of the human ear to changes in signal level during loud sounds is very low. Therefore, if you still have to tune the receiver by sound, then the regulator should set low level volume, or, which is better, use an optical tuning indicator - a 6E5C lamp or another similar one.
By tuning superheterodyne receivers according to the received stations and using a 6E5C lamp as an indicator of tuning accuracy, it is more convenient to adjust the contours at an input signal level at which the dark sector of this lamp narrows to 1 - 2 mm.
To regulate the signal voltage at the receiver input, you can connect, for example, a variable resistance resistor in parallel with the antenna coil, the value of which, depending on the sensitivity of the receiver, can be selected in the range from 2 to 10 kOhm.
How to detect a faulty stage in an RF amplifier. When setting up or repairing a receiver, a cascade in which there is a malfunction can be detected using an antenna, alternately connecting it to the bases of transistors or to the grids of amplifier lamps and determining by ear by noise whether there are malfunctions in these cascades.
This method is convenient to use in cases where there are several RF amplification stages.
An antenna in the form of a piece of wire can also be used when testing the IF and RF amplification stages in televisions. Since shortwave stations often operate at frequencies close to the intermediate frequency of televisions, listening to these stations will indicate the serviceability of the audio channel,
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You can use a radio to pass the time on the road. Typically, drivers prefer to listen to music that is unobtrusive, so that it plays in the background and does not interfere with steering. An autoradio is most suitable for this, which first needs to be configured. But many people don’t know how to properly set up the radio on their car stereo.
Basically, setting up the radio consists of several simple steps. The broadcast range is selected and radio channels are searched and stored in the tuner’s memory. The search for radio stations occurs either automatically or manually. In the first case, radio channels are stored in descending order of broadcast quality.
Let's take a closer look at how to configure the radio on common car radios.
Pioneer
If you are wondering how to tune the radio to Pioneer radio, don't worry, setup is very easy. At automatic configuration Pioneer presses FUNC, followed by BSM. To start searching for radio channels, press the right or up button; after finishing, the music of the first radio station found will turn on.
For manual installation In BAND mode, press >>| for a long time. A search will be launched for any first station within this radius. After which the device will stop scanning and start playing the found station. Then you will need to save it; to do this, hold the key with the desired number for a long time. If you do not need the found station, you need to press the right key and hold it. Scanning will continue until a new station is found.
With this function, you can store up to 6 stations in the first bank. After this manipulation, press the BAND button and get into the second bank, it is shown on the display as F2. In the second bank, you can similarly store up to 6 stations in memory, and there is also a third bank. Most often there are three banks, but there are more. As a result, if you have three banks, you will have 18 stations active and saved. Now you know how to set up the radio on your Pioneer radio.
Sony
Setting up the radio in the Sony radio will also not be a problem. Searching for stations is usually carried out in two common ways: manually or automatically. Automatic memorization of radio stations:
- Turn on the radio. Long press the Source button and wait until TUNER appears on the display.
- The range is changed by pressing the Mode button. If you press the joystick, a menu of options will appear.
- Rotate the joystick until the VTM option appears. Radio channels are assigned to numbered keys as standard.
To manually scan and save you need:
- Turn on the radio and start searching for stations.
- Once the desired radio station has been found, you need to press the number key from 1 to 6, after which the name “Mem” will appear. Note: when saving a radio station on a digital number that already has a radio station, the previous one is automatically erased.
Thus, you can set up a radio in a Sony radio in 5-10 minutes.
Supra
After pressing the MODE button, select the Radio function, then RADIO and the saved band with the broadcast frequency will be displayed on the screen. Pressing BND selects the desired broadcast band.
Press and hold the >>|| button.
Then click the button >>|| to select the desired station. If these keys are not pressed for up to ten seconds, everything will return to its original operating mode.
Automatic tuning and scanning of selected radio stations
Search for existing radio stations in memory:
Briefly press the AS/PS key to start searching for saved radio channels. Any station can be listened to for about a couple of seconds. To automatically save radio channels, hold down the AS/PS key. The receiver will tune in to six optimal stations, which are the most powerful in this broadcast range. This option can be used in any wavelength range. Once the automatic saving of stations is completed, the receiver will stop scanning them.
To tune into a specific radio station, press the >>|| button, this will scan and select radio channels with the best reception signal. By pressing the >>|| button, you can manually select the station you want. Hold down the key numbered 1 to 6 for about a couple of seconds to memorize the channel under the desired key.
J.V.S.
When tuning stations, it is possible to leave 30 FM radio channels and 15 AM channels in the tuner.
Installing stations manually:
- Select a broadcast band by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
- Click on button 4 to set the station.
- Hold down the key with any selected number on the panel to memorize the station in the radio's memory. The selected number will start blinking, after which you will see the station stored under the selected number. For example: To tune to station number 14, press the +10 key, followed by the 4 key for approximately three seconds or more.
- To store other radio stations in the device’s memory, you need to repeat steps one through three. And to change the settings of the entire station, you need to repeat the entire process from the beginning.
Tuning stations in automatic mode:
Stations will be given numbers by increasing the frequency range.
- Select the range by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
- Press and hold the AUTO PRESET button on the panel.
- To set a different range, you need to go through steps one through two again.
To replace selected stations in automatic mode, you must use manual installation.
Kenwood
Kenwood radios offer three types of autoradio settings: automatic (AUTO), local (LO.S.) and manual.
- Press SRC until “TUnE” appears.
- Press FM or AM to select a band.
For automatic setup, click >>| or |.
When manual settings After all the above steps, ST will light up, indicating the found station.
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