IT technologies do not stand still; they are developing every day. New programming languages are being created that allow us to use all the capabilities that a computer gives us. One of the most flexible, powerful and interesting languages is Java. To work with Java you need to have a software development environment. We'll look at Eclipse.
Eclipse is an extensible integrated development environment that is freely available. It is Eclipse that is the main competitor to IntelliJ IDEA and the question: “Which is better?” still remains open. Eclipse is a powerful IDE that is used by many Java and Android developers to write various applications for any OS.
Attention!
Eclipse requires a lot additional files, the latest versions of which you can download from the official Java website. Without them, Eclipse won't even start the installation.
Of course, Eclipse is designed for writing programs. After creating the project, you can enter the program code in the text editor. If errors occur, the compiler will issue a warning, highlight the line where the error was made, and explain its reason. But the compiler will not be able to detect logical errors, that is, condition errors (incorrect formulas, calculations).
Setting up your environment
The main difference between Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA is that you can customize the environment completely to suit you. You can install additional plugins on Eclipse, change hotkeys, customize the work window, and much more. There are sites where official and user-developed add-ons are collected and where you can download them all for free. This is definitely a plus.
Documentation
Eclipse has a very comprehensive and easy to use online help system. You will find many tutorials that you can use when starting to work in the environment or if you have any difficulties. In the help you will find all the information about any Eclipse tool and a variety of step by step instructions. One “but” - all this is in English.
Advantages
1. Cross-platform;
2. Ability to install add-ons and configure the environment;
3. Speed of execution;
4. Convenient and intuitive interface.
Flaws
1. High consumption of system resources;
2. Requires many additional files for installation.
Eclipse is an excellent, powerful development environment that is distinguished by its flexibility and convenience. It is suitable for both beginners in the field of programming and experienced developers. With this IDE you can create projects of any size and any complexity.
) specifications of the OSGi service platform were chosen as the architecture of the runtime environment. Since version 3.0, Eclipse has ceased to be a monolithic IDE that supports extensions, and itself has become a collection of extensions. It is based on the OSGi framework and SWT/JFace, on the basis of which the next layer was developed - RCP (Rich Client Platform, a platform for developing full-fledged client applications). RCP serves as the basis not only for Eclipse, but also for other RCP applications, such as Azureus and File Arranger. The next layer is Eclipse itself, which is a set of RCP extensions - editors, panels, perspectives, a CVS module, and a Java Development Tools (JDT) module.
Since 2006, the Eclipse Foundation has coordinated an annual Simultaneous Release, which occurs in June. Each release includes the Eclipse platform as well as a number of other Eclipse projects.
| Release | date | Platform version | Project |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neon | June 22, 2016 | 4.6 | |
| Mars | June 25, 2015 | 4.5 | |
| Luna | June 6, 2014 | 4.4 | |
| Kepler | June 26, 2013 | 4.3 | |
| Juno | June 27, 2012 | 3.8 and 4.2 | |
| Indigo | June 22, 2011 | 3.7 | |
| Helios | June 23, 2010 | 3.6 | |
| Galileo | June 24, 2009 | 3.5 | |
| Ganymede | June 25, 2008 | 3.4 | |
| Europa | June 29, 2007 | 3.3 | |
| Callisto | June 30, 2006 | 3.2 | |
| Eclipse 3.1 | June 28, 2005 | 3.1 | |
| Eclipse 3.0 | June 28, 2004 | 3.0 |
Advantages
Eclipse primarily serves as a platform for developing extensions, which is why it has gained popularity: any developer can extend Eclipse with his own modules. There are already Java Development Tools (JDT), C/C++ Development Tools (CDT), developed by QNX engineers together with IBM, and tools for the languages Ada (GNATbench, Hibachi), COBOL, FORTRAN, PHP, X10 (X10DT), etc. from various developers. A variety of extensions complement the Eclipse environment with managers for working with databases, application servers, and more.
Eclipse JDT (Java Development Tools) is the most famous module aimed at group development: the environment is integrated with version control systems - CVS, GIT in the main distribution, there are plugins for other systems (for example, Subversion,). Also offers support for communication between the IDE and the task (error) management system. The main distribution includes support for the Bugzilla bug tracker, and there are also many extensions to support other trackers (Trac, Jira, etc.). Because it is free and of high quality, Eclipse is the corporate standard for application development in many organizations.
Eclipse is written in Java, therefore it is a platform-independent product, with the exception of the SWT library, which is developed for all common platforms (see below). The SWT library is used instead of the standard Java Swing library. It relies entirely on the underlying platform (operating system), which ensures fast and natural appearance user interface, but sometimes calls different platforms Application compatibility and stability issues.
Architecture
The basis of Eclipse is the Rich Client Platform (RCP). rich client platform). It consists of the following components:
- Aperi (from lat. open) - open source network storage systems management system.
- BIRT (Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools) - Web and PDF reports.
- DTP (Data Tools Platform) - development of data-centric systems, in particular, data in relational databases; managing programs with a large number of connectors.
- GEF (Graphical Editing Framework) is a framework for building built-in graphic editors.
- Jazz is a client-server platform for interaction between developers during the development of a project (includes chat, event log, etc.), built on top of Eclipse (part of the IBM Rational product line).
- Modeling .
- Tools .
- TPTP (Test & Performance Tools Platform) - development of testing tools, - debuggers, profilers, etc.
- VE (Visual Editor Project) - development of GUI tools.
- WTP (Web Tools Platform Project) - J2EE web application development tools:
- HTML, JavaScript, CSS, JSP, SQL, XML, DTD, XSD and WSDL editors;
- graphic editors for XSD and WSDL;
- Web Services Wizards and Explorer, WS-I Test Tools;
- tools for accessing and building queries and database models.
- The Eclipse Communication Framework (ECF) aims to create communication applications on the Eclipse platform.
- Device Software Development Project (DSDP).
- The Parallel Tools Platform (PTP) provides a portable, scalable, standards-based parallel tools platform that will facilitate the integration of tools specific to parallel computer architectures.
- Embedded Enhanced Client Platform (eRCP) - designed to extend RCP to embedded devices. eRCP includes a set of components that are a subset of RCP components. It will allow you to transfer the application model used on desktop computers, to other devices.
- DLTK (Dynamic Languages Toolkit) is an integrated developer environment for dynamic programming languages.
- Swordfish is a platform for building distributed corporate information systems.
Latest versions
Eclipse 3.3.2 (Europa Winter)
The number of new subprojects (both managed by the Eclipse Foundation and third-party) is growing rapidly. We have to coordinate the efforts of a huge number of developers and propose common rules - “Eclipse Development Process”.
Latest version release includes 21 subprojects.
Eclipse 3.4 (Ganymede)
The Ganymede release (06.2008) includes 23 subprojects:
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Eclipse 3.5 (Galileo)
The latest release of Galileo, presented to the public on June 24, 2009, includes 33 subprojects:
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Localization
Since version 3.1.1, released language pack for Russification of Eclipse. Translated into Russian as GUI, and documentation.
Modules
There are a number of free and commercial modules available for the Eclipse environment. The framework was originally designed for the Java language, but there are now numerous extensions to support other languages:
| Language | Module |
|---|---|
| /C++ | CDT |
| Fortran | Photran |
| Perl | EPIC |
| PHP | PDT |
| JavaScript | JSEclipse |
| Python | PyDev (Eclipse) ( English) |
| Ruby | RDT |
| 1C V8 | 1C:Enterprise DT |
To develop and obtain reports and development of analytical BI applications in Eclipse there is BIRT Project ( English).
Eclipse has built-in functionality for installing and updating modules over the Internet.
Popular applications based on SWT and RCP
Supported architectures and systems
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Notes
- Darryl K. Taft.(English) . ??? (May 20, 2005). Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Eclipse documentation. Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Eclipse documentation. Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- Sergey Golubev.. ??? (November 15, 2005). Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- Vladimir Paramonov.. Compulenta (January 31, 2007). Retrieved September 3, 2009.
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- . Official site. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
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- (English) . Official website (June 2007). Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved March 24, 2011. .
- (English) . . Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . Official site. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- Josh Fet.(Russian) . ??? (June 2008). - Installing PyDev in Eclipse. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (10.04.2015).
- (Russian) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . . Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . . Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) (inaccessible link - story) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009. .
- (English) . ???. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
Links
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- (English) - Documentation for Eclipse SDK
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- (English) - Advanced Client Platform
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- (English) IBM
- IBM (Russian)
- (Russian) IBM
- (Russian)
- (English) - turnkey Eclipse distribution options for different directions development (Expert Java, Desktop Java, Server Java, Mobile Java, etc.)
- (Russian) Art. Lebedev Studio
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An excerpt describing Eclipse (development environment)
The next day, Rostov accompanied Princess Marya to Yaroslavl and a few days later he himself left for the regiment.Sonya's letter to Nicholas, which was the fulfillment of his prayer, was written from Trinity. This is what caused it. The thought of Nicholas marrying a rich bride occupied the old countess more and more. She knew that Sonya was the main obstacle to this. And Sonya’s life recently, especially after Nikolai’s letter describing his meeting in Bogucharovo with Princess Marya, became harder and harder in the countess’s house. The Countess did not miss a single opportunity to make an offensive or cruel hint to Sonya.
But a few days before leaving Moscow, touched and excited by everything that was happening, the Countess, calling Sonya to her, instead of reproaches and demands, turned to her with tears and prayed that she, by sacrificing herself, would repay for everything. what was done for her was to break her ties with Nikolai.
“I won’t be at peace until you give me this promise.”
Sonya burst into tears hysterically, answered through her sobs that she would do everything, that she was ready for anything, but she did not make a direct promise and in her soul could not decide on what was demanded of her. She had to sacrifice herself for the happiness of the family that fed and raised her. Sacrificing herself for the happiness of others was Sonya's habit. Her position in the house was such that only on the path of sacrifice could she show her virtues, and she was accustomed and loved to sacrifice herself. But first, in all acts of self-sacrifice, she joyfully realized that by sacrificing herself, she thereby raised her worth in the eyes of herself and others and became more worthy of Nicolas, whom she loved most in life; but now her sacrifice had to consist in giving up what for her constituted the entire reward of the sacrifice, the entire meaning of life. And for the first time in her life, she felt bitterness towards those people who had benefited her in order to torture her more painfully; I felt envy of Natasha, who had never experienced anything like this, never needed sacrifices and forced others to sacrifice herself and yet was loved by everyone. And for the first time, Sonya felt how, out of her quiet, pure love for Nicolas, a passionate feeling suddenly began to grow, which stood above rules, virtue, and religion; and under the influence of this feeling, Sonya involuntarily, learned by her dependent life of secrecy, answered the countess in general, vague words, avoided conversations with her and decided to wait for a meeting with Nikolai so that in this meeting she would not free her, but, on the contrary, forever bind herself to him .
The troubles and horror of the last days of the Rostovs’ stay in Moscow drowned out the dark thoughts that were weighing on her. She was glad to find salvation from them in practical activities. But when she learned about the presence of Prince Andrei in their house, despite all the sincere pity that she felt for him and Natasha, a joyful and superstitious feeling that God did not want her to be separated from Nicolas overtook her. She knew that Natasha loved one Prince Andrei and did not stop loving him. She knew that now, brought together in such terrible conditions, they would love each other again and that then Nicholas, due to the kinship that would be between them, would not be able to marry Princess Marya. Despite all the horror of everything that happened in the last days and during the first days of the journey, this feeling, this awareness of the intervention of providence in her personal affairs pleased Sonya.
The Rostovs spent their first day on their trip at the Trinity Lavra.
In the Lavra hotel, the Rostovs were allocated three large rooms, one of which was occupied by Prince Andrei. The wounded man was much better that day. Natasha sat with him. In the next room the Count and Countess sat, respectfully talking with the rector, who had visited their old acquaintances and investors. Sonya was sitting right there, and she was tormented by curiosity about what Prince Andrei and Natasha were talking about. She listened to the sounds of their voices from behind the door. The door of Prince Andrei's room opened. Natasha came out from there with an excited face and, not noticing the monk who stood up to meet her and grabbed the wide sleeve of his right hand, walked up to Sonya and took her hand.
- Natasha, what are you doing? Come here,” said the Countess.
Natasha came under the blessing, and the abbot advised to turn to God and his saint for help.
Immediately after the abbot left, Nashata took her friend’s hand and walked with her into the empty room.
- Sonya, right? will he be alive? - she said. – Sonya, how happy I am and how unhappy I am! Sonya, my dear, everything is as before. If only he were alive. He can’t... because, because... that... - And Natasha burst into tears.
- So! I knew it! Thank God,” said Sonya. - He will be alive!
Sonya was no less excited than her friend - both by her fear and grief, and by her personal thoughts that were not expressed to anyone. She, sobbing, kissed and consoled Natasha. “If only he were alive!” - she thought. After crying, talking and wiping away their tears, both friends approached Prince Andrei’s door. Natasha carefully opened the doors and looked into the room. Sonya stood next to her at the half-open door.
Prince Andrei lay high on three pillows. His pale face was calm, his eyes were closed, and you could see how he was breathing evenly.
- Oh, Natasha! – Sonya suddenly almost screamed, grabbing her cousin’s hand and retreating from the door.
- What? What? – Natasha asked.
“This is this, that, that...” said Sonya with a pale face and trembling lips.
Natasha quietly closed the door and went with Sonya to the window, not yet understanding what they were saying to her.
“Do you remember,” Sonya said with a frightened and solemn face, “do you remember when I looked for you in the mirror... In Otradnoye, at Christmas time... Do you remember what I saw?..
- Yes Yes! - Natasha said, opening her eyes wide, vaguely remembering that Sonya then said something about Prince Andrei, whom she saw lying down.
- Do you remember? – Sonya continued. “I saw it then and told everyone, both you and Dunyasha.” “I saw that he was lying on the bed,” she said, making a gesture with her hand with a raised finger at every detail, “and that he had closed his eyes, and that he was covered with a pink blanket, and that he had folded his hands,” Sonya said, making sure that as she described the details she saw now, that these same details she saw then. She didn’t see anything then, but said that she saw what came into her head; but what she came up with then seemed to her as valid as any other memory. What she said then, that he looked back at her and smiled and was covered with something red, she not only remembered, but was firmly convinced that even then she said and saw that he was covered with a pink, exactly pink, blanket, and that his eyes were closed.
“Yes, yes, exactly in pink,” said Natasha, who now also seemed to remember what was said in pink, and in this she saw the main unusualness and mystery of the prediction.
– But what does this mean? – Natasha said thoughtfully.
- Oh, I don’t know how extraordinary all this is! - Sonya said, clutching her head.
A few minutes later, Prince Andrei called, and Natasha came in to see him; and Sonya, experiencing an emotion and tenderness she had rarely experienced, remained at the window, pondering the extraordinary nature of what had happened.
On this day there was an opportunity to send letters to the army, and the Countess wrote a letter to her son.
“Sonya,” said the Countess, raising her head from the letter as her niece walked past her. – Sonya, won’t you write to Nikolenka? - said the countess in a quiet, trembling voice, and in the look of her tired eyes, looking through glasses, Sonya read everything that the countess understood in these words. This look expressed pleading, fear of refusal, shame for having to ask, and readiness for irreconcilable hatred in case of refusal.
Sonya went up to the countess and, kneeling down, kissed her hand.
“I’ll write, maman,” she said.
Sonya was softened, excited and touched by everything that happened that day, especially by the mysterious performance of fortune-telling that she just saw. Now that she knew that on the occasion of the renewal of Natasha’s relationship with Prince Andrei, Nikolai could not marry Princess Marya, she joyfully felt the return of that mood of self-sacrifice in which she loved and was accustomed to living. And with tears in her eyes and with the joy of realizing a generous deed, she, interrupted several times by tears that clouded her velvety black eyes, wrote that touching letter, the receipt of which so amazed Nikolai.
At the guardhouse where Pierre was taken, the officer and soldiers who took him treated him with hostility, but at the same time with respect. One could still feel in their attitude towards him doubt about who he was (whether he was a very important person), and hostility due to their still fresh personal struggle with him.
But when, on the morning of another day, the shift came, Pierre felt that for the new guard - for the officers and soldiers - it no longer had the meaning that it had for those who took him. And indeed, in this big, fat man in a peasant’s caftan, the guards of the next day no longer saw that living man who so desperately fought with the marauder and with the escort soldiers and said a solemn phrase about saving the child, but saw only the seventeenth of those being held for some reason, by by order of the highest authorities, the captured Russians. If there was anything special about Pierre, it was only his timid, intently thoughtful appearance and the French language, in which, surprisingly for the French, he spoke well. Despite the fact that on the same day Pierre was connected with other suspected suspects, since the separate room he occupied was needed by an officer.
All the Russians kept with Pierre were people of the lowest rank. And all of them, recognizing Pierre as a master, shunned him, especially since he spoke French. Pierre heard with sadness the ridicule of himself.
The next evening, Pierre learned that all of these prisoners (and probably himself included) were to be tried for arson. On the third day, Pierre was taken with others to a house where a French general with a white mustache, two colonels and other Frenchmen with scarves on their hands were sitting. Pierre, along with others, was asked questions about who he was with the precision and certainty with which defendants are usually treated, supposedly exceeding human weaknesses. where he was? for what purpose? and so on.
These questions, leaving aside the essence of the life matter and excluding the possibility of revealing this essence, like all questions asked in courts, had the goal only of setting up the groove along which the judges wanted the defendant’s answers to flow and lead him to the desired goal, that is to the accusation. As soon as he began to say something that did not satisfy the purpose of the accusation, they took a groove, and the water could flow wherever it wanted. In addition, Pierre experienced the same thing that a defendant experiences in all courts: bewilderment as to why all these questions were asked of him. He felt that this trick of inserting a groove was used only out of condescension or, as it were, out of politeness. He knew that he was in the power of these people, that only power had brought him here, that only power gave them the right to demand answers to questions, that the only purpose of this meeting was to accuse him. And therefore, since there was power and there was a desire to accuse, there was no need for the trick of questions and trial. It was obvious that all answers had to lead to guilt. When asked what he was doing when they took him, Pierre answered with some tragedy that he was carrying a child to his parents, qu"il avait sauve des flammes [whom he saved from the flames]. - Why did he fight with the marauder? Pierre answered, that he was defending a woman, that protecting an insulted woman is the duty of every person, that... He was stopped: this did not go to the point. Why was he in the yard of a house on fire, where witnesses saw him? He answered that he was going to see what was happening in Moscow. They stopped him again: they didn’t ask him where he was going, and why was he near the fire? Who was he? They repeated the first question to him, to which he said that he did not want to answer. Again he answered that he could not say that .
- Write it down, this is not good. “It’s very bad,” the general with a white mustache and a red, ruddy face told him sternly.
On the fourth day, fires started on Zubovsky Val.
Pierre and thirteen others were taken to Krymsky Brod, to the carriage house of a merchant's house. Walking through the streets, Pierre was choking from the smoke, which seemed to be standing over the entire city. Fires were visible from different directions. Pierre did not yet understand the significance of the burning of Moscow and looked at these fires with horror.
Pierre stayed in the carriage house of a house near the Crimean Brod for four more days, and during these days he learned from the conversation of the French soldiers that everyone kept here expected the marshal's decision every day. Which marshal, Pierre could not find out from the soldiers. For the soldier, obviously, the marshal seemed to be the highest and somewhat mysterious link in power.
These first days, until September 8th, the day on which the prisoners were taken for secondary interrogation, were the most difficult for Pierre.
X
On September 8, a very important officer entered the barn to see the prisoners, judging by the respect with which the guards treated him. This officer, probably a staff officer, with a list in his hands, made a roll call of all the Russians, calling Pierre: celui qui n "avoue pas son nom [the one who does not say his name]. And, indifferently and lazily looking at all the prisoners, he ordered the guard it is proper for the officer to dress and tidy them up before leading them to the marshal. An hour later a company of soldiers arrived, and Pierre and thirteen others were led to the Maiden's Field. The day was clear, sunny after the rain, and the air was unusually clean. Smoke did not settle down as in that day when Pierre was taken out of the guardhouse of Zubovsky Val; smoke rose in columns in the clear air. The fires of the fires were nowhere to be seen, but columns of smoke rose from all sides, and all of Moscow, everything that Pierre could see, was one conflagration. On all sides one could see vacant lots with stoves and chimneys and occasionally the charred walls of stone houses. Pierre looked closely at the fires and did not recognize the familiar quarters of the city. In some places, surviving churches could be seen. The Kremlin, undestroyed, loomed white from afar with its towers and Ivan the Great. Nearby, the dome of the Novodevichy Convent glittered merrily, and the bell of the Gospel was especially loudly heard from there. This announcement reminded Pierre that it was Sunday and the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. But it seemed that there was no one to celebrate this holiday: everywhere there was devastation from the fire, and among the Russian people there were only occasionally ragged, frightened people who hid at the sight of the French.
Obviously, the Russian nest was ravaged and destroyed; but behind the destruction of this Russian order of life, Pierre unconsciously felt that over this ruined nest his own, completely different, but firm French order had been established. He felt this from the sight of those soldiers walking cheerfully and cheerfully, in regular rows, who escorted him with other criminals; he felt this from the sight of some important French official in a double carriage, driven by a soldier, driving towards him. He felt this from the cheerful sounds of regimental music coming from the left side of the field, and especially he felt and understood it from the list that the visiting French officer read this morning, calling out the prisoners. Pierre was taken by some soldiers, taken to one place or another with dozens of other people; it seemed that they could forget about him, mix him up with others. But no: his answers given during the interrogation came back to him in the form of his name: celui qui n "avoue pas son nom. And under this name, which Pierre was afraid of, he was now being led somewhere, with undoubted confidence written on them faces that all the other prisoners and he were the ones who were needed, and that they were being taken where they were needed. Pierre felt like an insignificant sliver caught in the wheels of an unknown to him, but correctly functioning machine.
Pierre and other criminals were brought to right side Maiden's Field, not far from the monastery, to a large white house with a huge garden. This was the house of Prince Shcherbatov, in which Pierre had often visited the owner before and in which now, as he learned from the conversation of the soldiers, the marshal, the Duke of Eckmuhl, was stationed.
They were led to the porch and one by one they were led into the house. Pierre was brought in sixth. Through a glass gallery, a vestibule, and an antechamber, familiar to Pierre, he was led into a long, low office, at the door of which stood an adjutant.
Davout sat at the end of the room above the table, glasses on his nose. Pierre came close to him. Davout, without raising his eyes, was apparently coping with some paper lying in front of him. Without raising his eyes, he quietly asked:
– Qui etes vous? [Who are you?]
Pierre was silent because he was unable to utter words. For Pierre, Davout was not just a French general; for Pierre Davout, he was a man known for his cruelty. Looking at the cold face of Davout, who, like a strict teacher, agreed to have patience for the time being and wait for an answer, Pierre felt that every second of delay could cost him his life; but he didn't know what to say. He did not dare say what he said during the first interrogation; revealing one's rank and position was both dangerous and shameful. Pierre was silent. But before Pierre could decide on anything, Davout raised his head, raised his glasses to his forehead, narrowed his eyes and looked intently at Pierre.
“I know this man,” he said in a measured, cold voice, obviously calculated to frighten Pierre. The cold that had previously run down Pierre's back gripped his head like a vice.
– Mon general, vous ne pouvez pas me connaitre, je ne vous ai jamais vu... [You couldn’t know me, general, I’ve never seen you.]
“C"est un espion russe, [This is a Russian spy,"] Davout interrupted him, addressing another general who was in the room and whom Pierre had not noticed. And Davout turned away. With an unexpected boom in his voice, Pierre suddenly spoke quickly.
“Non, Monseigneur,” he said, suddenly remembering that Davout was a Duke. - Non, Monseigneur, vous n"avez pas pu me connaitre. Je suis un officier militianaire et je n"ai pas quitte Moscow. [No, Your Highness... No, Your Highness, you could not know me. I am a police officer and I have not left Moscow.]
- Votre nom? [Your name?] - repeated Davout.
- Besouhof. [Bezukhov.]
– Qu"est ce qui me prouvera que vous ne mentez pas? [Who will prove to me that you are not lying?]
- Monseigneur! [Your Highness!] - Pierre cried out in a not offended, but pleading voice.
Davout raised his eyes and looked intently at Pierre. They looked at each other for several seconds, and this glance saved Pierre. In this view, apart from all the conditions of war and trial, a human relationship was established between these two people. Both of them in that one minute vaguely experienced countless things and realized that they were both children of humanity, that they were brothers.
At first glance for Davout, who only raised his head from his list, where human affairs and life were called numbers, Pierre was only a circumstance; and, not taking the bad deed into account on his conscience, Davout would have shot him; but now he already saw a person in him. He thought for a moment.
– Comment me prouverez vous la verite de ce que vous me dites? [How will you prove to me the truth of your words?] - Davout said coldly.
Pierre remembered Rambal and named his regiment, his last name, and the street on which the house was located.
“Vous n"etes pas ce que vous dites, [You are not what you say.],” Davout said again.
Pierre, in a trembling, intermittent voice, began to provide evidence of the truth of his testimony.
But at this time the adjutant entered and reported something to Davout.
Davout suddenly beamed at the news conveyed by the adjutant and began to button up. He apparently completely forgot about Pierre.
When the adjutant reminded him of the prisoner, he frowned, nodded towards Pierre and said to be led away. But Pierre didn’t know where they were supposed to take him: back to the booth or to the prepared place of execution, which his comrades showed him while walking along the Maiden’s Field.
He turned his head and saw that the adjutant was asking something again.
- Oui, sans doute! [Yes, of course!] - said Davout, but Pierre didn’t know what “yes” was.
Pierre did not remember how, how long he walked and where. He, in a state of complete senselessness and dullness, not seeing anything around him, moved his legs along with the others until everyone stopped, and he stopped. During all this time, one thought was in Pierre’s head. It was the thought of who, who, finally sentenced him to death. These were not the same people who interrogated him in the commission: not one of them wanted and, obviously, could not do this. It was not Davout who looked at him so humanly. Another minute and Davout would have realized that they were doing something wrong, but this moment was interrupted by the adjutant who entered. And this adjutant, obviously, did not want anything bad, but he might not have entered. Who was it that finally executed, killed, took his life - Pierre with all his memories, aspirations, hopes, thoughts? Who did this? And Pierre felt that it was no one.
- free framework for developing modular cross-platform applications.
The project was initially developed in IBM as a corporate IDE standard for development on different languages for IBM platforms. Then the project was renamed and made available for further development community.
First of all, complete Java IDE, aimed at group development, equipped with tools for working with version control systems (CVS support is included in the Eclipse distribution, several versions of SVN modules are actively being developed, there is support for VSS and others). Due to free In many organizations, Eclipse is the corporate standard for application development.
Second appointment- serve as a platform for developing new extensions (which is why it has gained popularity - any developer can expand Eclipse with his own modules). So they became C/C++ Development Tools(CDT), developed by QNX engineers together with IBM, COBOL, FORTRAN, PHP tools from various developers. Many extensions complement Eclipse with managers for working with databases, application servers, etc.
Since version 3.0, Eclipse has become a collection of extensions rather than a monolithic IDE that supports extensions. It is based on the OSGi and SWT/JFace framework, on the basis of which the next layer has been developed - a platform for developing full-fledged client applications RCP (Rich Client Platform - (English rich-client applications). The RCP platform serves as the basis for RCP applications such as Azareus and File Arranger.The next layer is the Eclipse platform, which is a set of RCP extensions - editors, panels, perspectives, the CVS module and the Java Development Tools (JDT) module.
Written on Java, therefore it is a platform-independent product, with the exception of the SWT library, which is developed for all common platforms. The SWT library is used instead of the "slow" Swing and is completely dependent on the underlying platform (operating system), which ensures a fast and natural-looking user interface.
The basis of Eclipse is the rich client platform (RCP). It consists of the following components:
The GUI is written using the SWT toolkit. The latter, unlike Swing (which only emulates individual graphical elements of the platform used), actually uses the graphical components of this system. The Eclipse user interface also depends on a GUI middleware called JFace, which makes it easy to build an SWT-based user interface.
Flexibility is ensured by plug-ins, which makes it possible to develop not only in Java, but also in other languages, such as C/C++, Perl, Ruby, Python, PHP, ErLang and others.
Localization
Since version 3.1.1, a language pack for Russification has been released. Both the graphical interface and documentation have been translated into Russian.
There are a number of free and commercial modules available for the environment. The framework was originally developed for the Java language, but there are now numerous extensions to support other languages, such as
- C/C++ - CDT Eclipse’s C/C++ Development Tooling
- Perl - EPIC module, Eclipse Perl Integration
- PHP - PDT PHP Development Tools
- JavaScript - JSEclipse Javascript plugin for the Eclipse environment
- Python - Pydev, Python Development Environment
- Ruby - RDT, Ruby Development Tools
There are also modules for creating graphical interfaces.
To develop and receive reports and develop analytical BI applications, there is en:BIRT_Projec t.
There is a built-in function for installing and updating modules via .
Aptana(aptana.com) - Eclipse distribution and plugin that supports development with using JavaScript(all main JS Ajax libraries are included in the distribution), HTML, CSS, Ruby on rails, Adobe AIR.
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Eclipse is a software development platform based on Java and provides the ability to develop programs with plugins. Contains a set of built-in components, among which is the well-known Eclipse product - the PDE plugin development environment. PDE allows you to extend the platform itself, which is made up of built-in components. Toolkit creators can offer their own extensions and provide users with a complete development environment (IDE).
In addition to the Java language in which Eclipse is written, the development environment is also used for other programming languages. Many plugins have been created that support the languages C++, Fortran, Perl, Prolog, Python, Ruby, etc. The platform can be the basis for other software that is not related to writing programs, for example, telnet and DBMS. Another example of Eclipse-based code is the PDT development environment, which provides basic functionality for editing and debugging PHP applications.
All rights are perverted
Open source software is licensed to ensure user rights. For example, the source program must be provided with the right to modify and redistribute it. This level of rights protection is achieved using copyleft. Copyright protects copyright by prohibiting the distribution of programs in cases where the user does not have this right. Copyleft also requires that the distributed software be covered by a license without modification. In this case, the essence of copyright becomes the opposite. Copyleft uses copyright not to preserve the rights of developers, but to transfer them to users.
Therefore, there are fears and doubts that open source software will lead to the loss of intellectual property, since copyleft will spread to other parts of the software. In other words, the license will require that the entire application containing the open source code be distributed with the same rights. This is true for the General Public License (GNU) - Linux is distributed under it. But there are permits that provide a different relationship of public and commercial interests.
OSI is a non-profit organization that clearly defines what open source is and approves licenses that meet its criteria. The Eclipse platform is distributed under the EPL, an OSI-certified open license that facilitates commercial use while preserving the loyalty of open source authors.
Plugin creators or software development environment users must publish any Eclipse code they use or modify, but are free to license their own add-ons in any way they choose. Transfer of rights to them as open software is not required, nor is the publication of the source code required.
While many people won't use Eclipse to create their own software, the accessibility source code platform is important not only because there are no fees, but also because it promotes innovation and encourages programmers to contribute their own product as a contribution to the common good. The main reason for this is that the more work put into a project, the more meaningful it is for everyone. If it is useful, then the number of developers increases even more and a community is created around the project, similar to those that arose around Linux and Apache.
Non-profit organization
Eclipse is a development environment, libraries and tools for creating, deploying and managing software, as well as a community of its creators. The platform was created by IBM in 2001 with the support of software suppliers.
The Eclipse Foundation was established in 2004. It is a non-profit association that supports platform projects and improves the developer community and the system of complementary programs and services. Today, the Eclipse ecosystem includes organizations and individuals in the software industry.
The Foundation monitors and manages platform projects. It serves the community, and the developers, called committers, are not on staff. They are employees of other organizations or independent programmers who volunteer their personal time to work on the project.
Eclipse: platform characteristics
- Creation of various program development tools.
- Unlimited number of suppliers tools, including independent ones.
- Supports tools for working with various content, such as HTML, C, EJB, Java, JSP, GIF and XML.
- Ensuring seamless integration within and between different content.
- Eclipse is a program development environment with or without it.
- Work in different operating systems, including Linux, Windows, Solaris AIX, Mac OS X.
- Using Java, a popular language for writing tools.
Eclipse Getting Started Guide
After the first launch of the program, a welcome message appears. The user can go to the overview and learn new features, examples or training.
The workspace is made up of view panels. The set of ideas is called perspective. The Resources perspective, for example, includes views for editing, managing, and viewing projects.
Beginners should start with Toolspace Basics, which provides a wealth of information about the different parts of Eclipse and how they interact.
Working with JDT
To get acquainted with JDT, you can open the Eclipse Java project. To do this, select the menu item "File" - "New" - "Java Project", enter the project name and click "Finish".
To change the current perspective, you must select the menu item "Window" - "Open perspective" - Java or open a new window through "Window" - "New window" and select another perspective.
A perspective contains views that are designed to be developed on Java language. In the left corner, at the top, there is a hierarchy with Eclipse Java packages, classes, JAR archives and different files, which is called "Package Explorer". At the same time, the main menu was replenished with 2 items: Source and Refactor.
Creating a Program in JDT
To create a Java application, click right click for the previously created project and select “New” - “Class”. In the pop-up dialog box, enter the class name. The question is: “What method templates do you want to create?” - specify public static void main(String args) and click “Finish”.
As a result, a program will be created containing the entered class and an empty main(). The method must be filled with program code (declaration j is omitted intentionally):
public class Hello (
public static void main (String args) (
for(j=0; j<=5;j++)
System.out.println(“Hello”);
While typing, you can notice the editor's capabilities:
- autocompletion;
- syntax checking;
- Auto-close opening bracket or quotes.
Code completion is called by the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + spacebar. This will display a context-dependent list of keyboard or mouse selectable options, be it a list of the object's methods or part of a keyword.
Syntax is checked against incremental compilation. It occurs while writing the code simultaneously with its compilation. Syntax errors are underlined in red, and a red dot with a white slanting cross appears to the left of them. Other errors are indicated in the margins in the form of a light bulb. You can fix them yourself using Quick Fix.
In the example you entered, the light bulb is placed next to the for statement because there is no i declaration. After double-clicking on the light bulb, a list of possible fixes will appear. In this case, for j it is proposed to create:
- class field;
- method parameter;
- local variable.
If you select one of the options with the mouse, you can see the resulting text.
Double clicking on the required option generates the program code.
Launching the application
If there are no compilation errors, the application can be launched through the Start menu item. There is no compilation step, since it is done while saving the code. In the “Run Configuration” dialog that appears, the necessary values of which have already been set, you need to click on the Run button on the right, below. A console will appear at the bottom with bookmarks and the result of the application.
The program can be run in a debugger. First of all, a breakpoint is set in System.out.println() by two mouse clicks on the gray field to the left of the editing window, next to the method call. As a result, a blue dot will appear. Select the "Start" menu - "Debug". The Launch Configuration window will appear again. After clicking the Start button, the Debug perspective will appear with new views.
In the Debug view, on the left, at the top, there is a call stack to control the progress of the program. The panel contains buttons for stopping, continuing, and terminating the application, executing and skipping the next statement, and returning from a method. At the top right there is a series of panels with tabs: variables, breakpoints, expressions and screen. When you select the variables tab, you can see the value of variable j.
Contextual clues can provide detailed information about each view. You just need to click on the panel title and press F1.
Additional plugins
Software development environments designed for modifying, compiling, and debugging are enhanced in Eclipse with components that can model, build automation, unit test, performance, configuration, and version control.
The CVS source management system allows you to navigate over them. In this case, the changes made are not mixed. It is an important and integral part of Eclipse.
The development environment is located at eclipse.org. Plugins are located in the Plug-in Central directory.
Architecture
The basis of the platform is functionally rich RCP clients. Simplified, they can be represented as a set of plugins used in program development. There are also additional recommended and optional components.
The main components are as follows:
- The runtime defines the component model based on the OSGi specification, extensions, and extension points. Also provides additional services such as syslog and concurrency.
- The SWT package contains Eclipse function and user interface widgets. It has an add-on with classes that make it easier to create graphical applications.
- Toolspace includes perspectives, views, and editing windows.
- The Help component provides user support in the form of a help system or an interactive task list.
- The Update plugin allows you to get the latest software version.
- The Team component offers an infrastructure for connecting your own
The platform created by IBM has become a fully functional open source system. Its participants include over a hundred companies. Although there had been ideas about creating such systems before, Eclipse's thoughtful, reliable and elegant design has positioned it at the forefront.
Java is a high-level programming language that was developed by Sun Microsystems back in 1995. Today, the company JCP (Java Community Process) is developing this technology. One of the main features of the language is compilation, which is performed directly when the program is assembled.
The code is converted into bytecode and then executed in the Java Virtual Machine. The JVM acts as a translator that connects the programming language with the necessary computer components. This principle allows programs to run on any system where a virtual machine is installed.
Features of the programming language
Java is an object-oriented and typed language with many useful features for developers. Among them are the following:
- Easy to learn. Basic knowledge of object-oriented programming will be enough to comfortably master the language.
- Object-oriented methodology. Programs consist of objects that can be easily expanded and adapted to achieve your goals.
- Safety. Public key encryption provides the best authentication methods.
- Platform-independent. Programs written in the language are compiled into bytecode, which can run on absolutely any platform of modern operating systems.
- Portability. The programming language is independent of the implemented aspects of the specifications.
- Strength. The Java machine is able to cope with many errors due to the development company's focus and emphasis on constant checking and reducing the time costs incurred during compilation.
In addition, this language is very common, as it is characterized as multi-threaded, high-performance, interpreted and dynamic.
Features of Java Software Platforms
There are several implementations of this platform, among which Eclipse occupies a special place. The development environment for modular cross-platform applications has a number of mandatory features that are also present in other similar products. Among them are:
- Common technologies for deploying programs in the user environment.
- Tools for creating graphical interfaces of any complexity.
- Libraries for remote control of objects and programmatic access to data.
- Tools for launching, debugging, compiling, monitoring and other actions with applications.
What is Eclipse?
Eclipse is a development environment currently controlled by the Eclipse Foundation. It is open source, which provides new opportunities for developers. It is written in Java and is intended to improve the software creation process.
This project is an infrastructure that provides basic services important to developers. Available tools allow you to create new technologies in Eclipse. The development environment is not just a collection of APIs - it can handle full-fledged tasks.
A huge number of open source plugins provide unlimited possibilities for toolkit developers. Any additions can be added to the program, which will ultimately allow you to customize and adapt it to any task.
Platform Features
The programming environment has the following features:
- A wide API assembly for adding new modules, as well as a framework for programming any extensions.
- Supports all popular operating systems.
- Eclipse, the development environment, allows programming in most known languages. C sharp (C#), Java, PHP, C, Python, C++ and many other languages are supported by this program.
- RCP technology is available, the capabilities of which will be sufficient to develop client software of any complexity and scale.
- The modularity of the program provides incredible convenience and flexibility in operation.
The Eclipse project continues to evolve in many directions. The program is constantly improving, expanding its functionality by adding new plugins.
Platform architecture
The programming environment consists of several basic elements. Firstly, this is the Eclipse Runtime, which is responsible for running modules and plugins. This execution environment includes basic functionality. This includes managing updates, interacting with the system, configuring plugins, and maintaining the functionality of the help section.
Secondly, this is the IDE itself, which is responsible for managing projects, leading program elements, as well as debugging, team development and searching among files.
Plugins such as PDE and Java Development Tools are also included in Eclipse. The development environment for Java programs and new add-ons using these plugins becomes much more functional.
Examples of other specialized assemblies
The above Eclipse SDK is one version of the platform. There are several more IDE builds available with unique features, namely:
- For Java EE Developers. The version is intended for programming corporate or web applications using Java EE.
- For JavaScript Web Developers. Assembly for creating web products using CSS, XML, HTML and JavaScript.
- For Java Developers. Java programming version.
- For C/C++ Developers. Assembly for programming in C++ and C languages.
Each version has unique features, but the basic functionality for beginners is fully provided by the standard Eclipse (development environment). Lessons on it are available online for free, which will greatly simplify learning the program.
Competing Products
This development environment has many competitors, but it is impossible to finally choose the best representative. Eclipse can confidently be considered the most popular. Almost all developers used it, thanks to a number of undeniable advantages.
When developing mobile applications, Eclipse (development environment) is often used. The Android platform is developing rapidly, and the support for the Java language in this IDE attracts developers. However, it is worth noting that its capabilities are much greater.
The main competitor of the program in question is the NetBeans product, and it is completely free. You have to pay for an Eclipse license, and this puts some people off. Other competing products include IntelliJ IDEA, JDeveloper, Android Studio, DrJava and MyEclipse. But many consider Eclipse to be the best. The development environment has been pleasing users for many years and continues to do so!
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