To train speed reading skills, many experts recommend performing special exercises with Schulte tables. The technique of performing these exercises is aimed at improving peripheral vision, increasing the amount of visible text, and therefore speeding up reading. In this article you will find detailed description exercise techniques with Schulte tables. In addition, you can take tests using these tables online and, if you wish, download Schulte tables of various levels of complexity for free.
What it is? The Schulte table is a table in which certain information (most often sequential numbers) is randomly placed in the cells. The most common type of interpretation of the Schulte table (or Shultz tables) is a square table with 5 columns and 5 rows, in which numbers from 1 to 25 are randomly placed. Such a table is shown in the picture below:
The essence of the work with Schulte tables is to quickly sequentially find all numbers or other objects located in the table. Moreover, the emphasis is placed precisely on the speed of finding, which can be increased by special techniques for working with these tables.
The effect of the exercise. Typically, Shultz tables are used to develop the pace of information perception, as well as as a test to study the current state of this pace. Constant work with Schulte tables helps expand your peripheral vision. A wide field of view reduces the time it takes to search for informational parts of the text. Also, by working with such tables, the speed of visual search movements increases, which is an important component of fast reading skills.
In addition, Schulte tables are often used in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) training to obtain the so-called state of high productivity, which is achieved by switching consciousness from critical perception to a certain apathy and the ability to effectively perform logical and sequential operations. In principle, this effect is also important for speed reading. Therefore, we can say that working with Schulte tables has a double effect on increasing reading speed.
Method of performing the exercise
In order to effectively increase your reading speed, you need to look for numbers by silently counting, that is, silently, in ascending order from 1 to 25. For information on how to read without speaking to yourself (without articulation), see this lesson. The found numbers are recorded only with a glance. However, this search has its own peculiarity. In order to perform the exercise correctly, and therefore find all the numbers faster, by training your peripheral vision, you need to focus on the central cell of the table so that you can see the entire table.
The best training of visual speed reading skills when working with Schulte tables is achieved with the maximum absence of horizontal and vertical eye movements. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the correct distance from the eyes to the table. The further away the table is, the more convenient it is to look at all its cells at once. The optimal distance to the table should correspond to a comfortable distance to a book or monitor when reading. Usually this is 40-50 centimeters, but you don’t need to move your eyes too far, only if it is difficult for you to see the entire table.
Improper execution of the exercise
with Schulte table
Correct execution of the exercise
with Schulte table
Achieving the desired effect. When working with Schulte tables, it is important to understand what exactly you are training - your visual skills. Therefore, the main thing is not the desire to complete each table as soon as possible, but the correct execution of the exercise, that is, adherence to the methodology described above. At first, you may have some difficulties doing the exercise, but with each subsequent table you will find the numbers faster and faster. Eventually, you will realize that you can now find numbers much faster than if you were just looking for them with normal eye movements. This is the desired effect of the exercise method with Schulte tables.
Good peripheral vision, as well as visual search skills, can be achieved not only with the correct execution of number searches, but also with a constant, systematic training program. Therefore, it is important to work with Schulte tables at least 3-4 times a week for 20-30 minutes for 2-3 weeks. If your eyes start to get tired during class, it is better to take a short break or repeat the exercise the next day.
Practice with Schulte tables
To train your peripheral vision, as well as the ability to quickly find information in text, you can download Schulte tables of various levels of complexity for free.
First level contains Schulte tables for children and beginners in speed reading. These tables have dimensions of 3x3 and 5x3. Such tables are available on 4brain. If these tables are easy for you, it's time to move to the second level.
Second level Schulte tables contain traditional tables with twenty-five 5x5 cells. In addition, you can use online program for exercises with standard Schulte tables, which is given below. Download tables of the second level of complexity.
Third level contains special Schulte tables for those who found the previous levels easy. Firstly, they have multi-colored matrices, including red-black tables (Gorbov’s Method). Secondly, large Schulte tables are presented here.
Such tables allow you to more effectively train peripheral vision, especially when quickly reading from websites, magazines - sources not only with textual, but also graphic information.
Management. Methodology “Schulte Tables”Scales: stability of attention, work efficiency, degree of workability, mental stability.
Test type: Verbal
Test Description
The subject is alternately offered five tables on which numbers from 1 to 25 are arranged in random order. Schulte tables are a set of numbers (from 1 to 25) arranged in random order in cells. The subject must show and name all the numbers in a given sequence (usually increasing from one to twenty-five). Five non-identical Schulte tables are offered in a row, in which the numbers are arranged in different orders. The psychologist records the time spent by the subject showing and naming the entire series of numbers in each table separately. The following indicators are noted: 1) exceeding the standard (40-50 s) time spent on indicating and naming a number of numbers in the tables; 2) dynamics of time indicators during the survey according to all five tables.Purpose of the test
Definition stability of attention and performance dynamics. Used to examine people of different ages.
Material: 5 Schulte tables, stopwatch, pointer.
Test instructions
The subject is presented with the first table: “On this table, the numbers from 1 to 25 are not in order.” Then they close the table and continue: “Show and name all the numbers in order from 1 to 25. Try to do this as quickly as possible and without mistakes.” The table is opened and the stopwatch is turned on at the same time as the task begins. The second, third and subsequent tables are presented without any instructions.Processing and interpretation of test results
Evaluation of results: Divide the total search time across all tables by 5.The main indicator is the execution time, as well as the number of errors separately for each table. Based on the results of each table, a “fatigue curve” can be constructed, reflecting stability of attention and performance over time.
Using this test, you can also calculate such indicators as (by A.Yu.Kozyreva):
operating efficiency (ER),
degree of workability (VR),
mental stability (PU).
ER = (T 1 + T 2 + T 3 + T 4 + T 5 ) / 5 , Where
Ti- time of work with the i-th one.
The degree of workability (DR) is calculated by the formula:
BP= T 1 / ER
A result less than 1.0 is an indicator of good workability; accordingly, the higher this indicator is 1.0, the more preparation the subject needs for the main job.
Mental Stability(endurance) is calculated by the formula:
PU= T 4 / ER
A result indicator less than 1.0 indicates good mental stability; accordingly, the higher this indicator, the worse the test subject’s mental stability to perform tasks.
Based on the results of this test, the following characteristics of the subject’s attention are possible:
Attention is concentrated enough - if the subject spends time corresponding to the norm on each of the Schulte tables.
Attention is not concentrated enough - if the subject spends more time on each of the Schulte tables than the norm.
Attention is steady - if there are no significant time differences when counting the numbers in each of the four to five tables.
Attention is unstable - if there are significant fluctuations in the results according to the tables without a tendency to increase the time spent on each subsequent table.
Attention is exhausted - if there is a tendency to increase the time spent by the subject on each subsequent table.
Test material
For successful development school curriculum Children need to have a number of qualities that allow them to concentrate and analyze the information received. Students' attentiveness must be constantly trained, so it is important for the teacher to know whether a particular student requires correction. To determine this, you can conduct a diagnosis using the Schulte Table test.
The essence of the technique
The tables, developed by the German psychiatrist Walter Schulte in the mid-twentieth century, are a set of cards with numbers depicted randomly. The subject’s task is to name all the elements in the correct order, pointing to them with a pointer or, if convenient, crossing them out with a pencil. The traditional version of the stimulus material consists of 5 tables 60 x 60 cm, made on thick paper. Each sheet should be divided into 25 squares with numbers from 1 to 25 written in them.
Diagnostics helps to investigate:
- stability of attention;
- efficiency of independent work;
- mental stability;
- speed of orienting-search movements of the gaze;
- attention span.
The technique is aimed at training and expanding peripheral vision. This is key to reading speed, as it reduces the time spent searching for certain informational parts of the text. That is, the tables not only perform a diagnostic function, but also serve as a speed reading trainer.
When testing, several tables are used in a row
For younger schoolchildren, regular training on tables helps:
- assimilate new material faster and more firmly;
- learn to critically evaluate acquired knowledge;
- remember information more effectively;
- concentrate attention on a specific action.
Due to the fact that you do not need to perform mathematical operations to complete the tasks, the test results are as objective as possible.
From a teacher’s perspective, this method has another significant advantage over other types of diagnostic tests, namely: it takes only about a minute to process each table.
How to use Schulte tables correctly
Before you start working with Schulte tables, you need to:
- place the table at a slight angle at a distance of 30–35 cm from the student’s eyes;
- ask the child to fix his gaze on the depicted objects in the center and not look away.
The diagnostic procedure itself is as follows:
If the technique is used as an attention trainer, then you should not process more than ten tables per day. As the student develops the skill of quickly orienting himself in the depicted elements, the material needs to be supplemented. To do this, increase the number of cells, making the square larger and offering subjects a field of 6 x 6, 7 x 7, 8 x 8. In this case, it is recommended to work 3-4 times a week (half an hour each) for 21 days.
Features of conducting exercises among students of different ages
Finding numbers by primary schoolchildren
At primary school age, the use of the test should be facilitated. This concerns primarily the number of cells with numbers. For beginners, a 3 x 3 square or a 3 x 5 rectangle is enough. Children in grades 5–11 can show numbers silently, while for kids it is mandatory to pronounce each object. Psychologists and teachers recommend that elementary school students conduct the Schulte test in several stages:
- Show and name the numbers in order.
- Show and name objects in reverse order.
- The child shows the numbers in ascending order, and the adult at this time pronounces even or odd numbers.
The last stage is the most difficult level for a child, as it requires concentration in the face of external interference.
Test for middle and senior students (with black and red table)
Schulte's color chart suggests a combination of black and red colors that activate brain activity
Psychologists have studied in detail the effect of Schulte tables on the human brain and came to the conclusion that the test stimulates blood flow to the frontal lobes, as a result of which memory capacity increases and concentration increases. Taking this into account, to improve the technique, scientists proposed making the table two-color: depicting part of the numbers on the material in red, and the other half in black. For middle and high school children, a 7 x 7 square is proposed, and the task is formulated as follows:
- Name and show all the red numbers.
- Name and show all the black numbers.
- When showing red, use straight counting.
- When showing black, use countdown.
Processing and interpretation of results
To calculate work efficiency (based on the time spent on completion and the number of errors made), the following formula is used:
ER (in seconds) = (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5) / 5, where t1 is the time of working with table No. 1, t2 is the time of working through table No. 2, and so on; 5 - number of materials considered. Efficiency is assessed taking into account the age of the test taker (the higher the score, the better the result):
The degree of adaptability (how quickly the subject gets involved in the task) is calculated using the formula:
BP = t1 / ER.
If the resulting indicator is less than one, then the quality is at a good level. The higher the value of BP, the more difficult it is for the student to get involved in work.
Mental stability (how long a child can concentrate on a specific search task) can be defined as follows:
PU = t4 / ER.
Please note: the calculation takes into account the time spent working specifically with table No. 4. If the result is less than 1, this means that the subject has good mental stability. A high score indicates a poor ability to concentrate on any activity for a long time.
The last two criteria are assessed equally for schoolchildren of any age.
Diagnostics of attention using the Schulte technique helps to assess the degree of concentration of attention of schoolchildren, as well as the level of their mental stability, which allows us to adjust the work on the development of the child’s thinking and memory, as well as to educate children of different ages speed reading techniques.
Today I wanted to tell you about one very interesting test - Schulte tables, which quickly checks the level of concentration, distribution and switching of attention. With its help, you can not only evaluate your attention, but also develop it well.
Before moving directly to diagnosing attention, I’ll give a little theory:
What is attention? This is a person’s ability to direct his consciousness to certain objects that have some significance for him, as well as his ability to focus on something specific.
Attention is closely related to other mental processes (memory, thinking, perception), including human motor reactions. In this regard, there is a distinction different types attention:
- Touch attention- caused by focusing on an object with the help of our senses.
- Motor attention- caused by concentration on movements.
- Intelligent attention- caused by focusing on our thoughts, experienced feelings, memories.
With the help of attention, we can easily select from the general flow of information something specific that is necessary for us in life. this moment time, sifting out the unnecessary. Attention is held only when the desired goal is fully achieved, then it weakens and switches for something else.
Attention is highly dependent on our mental state and general health. It is obvious that it is extremely difficult for a tired, sick or anxious person to maintain his attention and calmly concentrate on current affairs.
Besides, attention is not the same in children and adults.
In preschoolers, unlike adults, involuntary attention, that is, it is connected with the present and depends on the interest of children: no interest - no attention.
- Pre-school age (up to 3 years). Infants are attracted to light, sound and mechanical stimuli outside world, which are closely related to his general care (bathing, feeding, dressing, etc.). For example, seeing his mother and feeling how she takes him in her arms to feed him, the baby fixes his gaze on her. Later he begins to smile and make joyful sounds as soon as he sees or hears her affectionate voice.
- Junior preschool age (3-4 years). With age involuntary attention begins to develop in its diversity when the baby becomes more and more familiar with the world around him. Attention arises and is maintained as the child shows interest in the toy, to parents, to other children. Manipulations with toys are gradually replaced by story-based games; the child can play for about 15-20 minutes on his own if he is VERY interested.
- Middle preschool age (4-5 years). Involuntary attention becomes more diverse and covers many aspects of the child’s life (home, kindergarten, relationships with parents, with grandparents, with peers and other strangers). The more often a child is in society, the more opportunity he has to develop his involuntary attention.
- IN senior preschool age (5-7 years) is gradually being formed voluntary attention - the child’s ability to carry out some task regardless of interest, on the basis of a conscious volitional effort: he sets a goal for himself and strives to fulfill it.
By age 7 voluntary attention should already be formed. This is one of the conditions for.
Now let's check ourselves and our child. There is a wonderful technique: Schulte tables. She will help us check level of development of voluntary attention. Children aged 7 years and older can take part in testing only if they already know numbers and can count from 1 to 25 fluently.
How to perform the test?
So what are they Schulte tables? Below you see 5 tables with randomly scattered numbers. The task is to find them in order from 1 to 25 as quickly as possible. Children can point to the numbers with their finger; adults just need to run their eyes over them.
To make it easier and more convenient, you can for yourself (in PDF format, size 387.7 KB), print them on a printer and cut out each table separately.
Interpretation of results
Take a stopwatch and time the time it takes to complete each table. Having completed one and quickly noted down the time, you move on to the next and so on until the fifth table. It will be better if someone marks the time while you complete the entire test without any distractions.
Then build fatigue curve, which will show how concentration and stability of attention changes over time.
It is also interesting to calculate work efficiency (EF), degree of workability (VR) and mental stability (PU) using the following formulas:
ER = (T 1 + T 2 + T 3 + T 4 + T 5) / 5, Where
T i– time of working with the i-th table. i is the ordinal number of the table (1,2,3,4,5)
Average standards for one table: 7-9 years - 1 min 10 sec. Adults - 40 sec.
Degree of workability calculated like this:
BP= T 1 / ER
If your result is less than 1.0, your workability is good. The higher this number, the more time you need to prepare for a specific case.
Mental Stability or endurance is defined as follows:
PU= T 4 / ER
If you get a number less than 1.0, your endurance is good. The higher this number, the less endurance you have to complete certain tasks.
In addition to simple white blocks, it contains a set of red and black blocks, black blocks 25 pieces, A red 24.
Red-black tables online
Online trainer with red and black Schulte-Gorbov tables. There are only 3 buttons: Start, start over and Stop. The game runs only on a timer. Click on the table itself: start or end the exercise. The program in timer mode does not monitor the accuracy of the results, and you go through this exercise primarily for yourself.
Speed reading in 30 days
Gorbov-Schulte table game
An excellent training game for red-black Schulte tables, which automatically selects the optimal level of difficulty from a 4x2 field size to a completely huge one. To practice, you must register, as statistics of achievements are kept. You will also have access to about 30 other educational free games, creating individual training programs, and the opportunity to beat other people’s records, take interactive courses to develop speed reading, memory, attention, and so on.
Other Schulte tables:
Passing the Gorbov-Schulte table
It is necessary to go through such tables without errors using paired values. Black numbers go in increasing order from 1 to 25, A red numbers descending from 24 to 1.The counting goes alternately, first black 1, Then red 24, Further black 2, Then red 23 and so on.
Errors during the exercise can be of several types, for example, order replacement error. In this case, the number called in ascending order (initially black), becomes a number of decreasing order, and vice versa, a number of decreasing order (initially red) becomes increasing.
Red-black Schulte tables
Below are two versions of the red-black Gorbov-Schulte tables:
Download Schulte-Gorbov Tables
You can also download examples Schulte tables to practice with them regardless of the presence of the Internet. You can also download printable Schulte tables.
Files for download:
Examples of Red-Black Tables
Below are examples of such tables for you to solve on your own:
Bottom line
In this article I tried to tell in more detail and give a good idea about Red-black tables of Schulte-Gorbov, read more about the tables themselves and the varieties of these tables in the section Schulte Tables.
Developmental courses
Schulte tables are used to train speed reading, memory, concentration, and so on. Choose the development courses you like that will help you achieve your desired goal faster:
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Development of memory and attention in a child 5-10 years old
The course includes 30 lessons with useful tips and exercises for children's development. In every lesson helpful advice, several interesting exercises, an assignment for the lesson and an additional bonus at the end: an educational mini-game from our partner. Course duration: 30 days. The course is useful not only for children, but also for their parents.
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Knowledge of the psychology of money and how to work with it makes a person a millionaire. 80% of people take out more loans as their income increases, becoming even poorer. On the other hand, self-made millionaires will earn millions again in 3-5 years if they start from scratch. This course teaches you how to properly distribute income and reduce expenses, motivates you to study and achieve goals, teaches you how to invest money and recognize a scam.
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