Three main ways to search for information on the Internet.
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article topic: | Three main ways to search for information on the Internet. |
| Rubric (thematic category) | Computers |
1. Specifying the page address . This is the most quick way search, but it can only be used if the address of the document is known exactly.
TO SEARCH THE NEEDED INFORMATION ON THE NETWORK, THE ADDRESS IS USED Uniform Resource Locator (URL), containing the name of the protocol by which you need to access the required information, server address and file name on this server, for example:
http www.kazan.ru
(hierarchical structure - from right to left http - hypertext protocol, www - node is located in the Web space).
Parts of an address:
· ru- Russia (must be three-letter)
· kazan – resource of Kazan,
· www- Internet resource, Web Site (web page), the site contains hyperlinks that allow you to navigate the flow of information using the matryoshka principle. The browser program allows you not to get lost (Home Page).
· http – hypertext transfer protocol.
In terms of protocols, the Internet uses several types of protocols that have emerged over time and development. computer technology. These include text telnet protocol, ftp file protocol, usenet teleconference protocol, wais database protocol, gopher protocol, etc.
2 Contacting a search server (search engine). The use of search engines is most convenient way searching for information. Today the following are popular in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet: search servers:
Example of search engines:
The search engine finds the site address by keywords, even by phrases.
There are other search engines. Eg, efficient system search implemented on the server postal service mail.ru.
Search engine query language
A group of keywords formed according to certain rules - using a query language - is usually called a request to a search server. The query languages for different search servers are very similar. You can learn more about this by visiting the “Help” section of the desired search server. Let's look at the rules for forming queries using the Yandex search engine as an example.
| Operator syntax | What does operator mean? | Example request |
| space or & | Logical AND (within a sentence) | physiotherapy |
| && | Logical AND (within document) | recipes && (processed cheese) |
| I | Logical OR | photo | photography | snapshot | photographic image |
| + | Mandatory presence of the word in the found document | +to be or +not to be |
| () | Grouping words | (technology\production) (cheese\cottage cheese) |
| ~ | Binary operator AND NOT (within a sentence) | banks ~ law |
| ~~ or ___ | Binary AND NOT operator (within document) | Paris guide ~~ (agency | tour) |
| /(n m) | Distance in words (minus (-) - back, plus (+) - forward) | suppliers /2 coffee music /(-2 4) education vacancies - /+1 students |
| “ ” | Search for a phrase | "little red riding hood" Equivalent to: red /+1 riding hood |
| &&/(n m) | Distance in sentences (minus (-) - back, plus (+) - forward) | bank && /1 taxes |
To get the best search results, it is extremely important to remember a few simple rules:
Don't search for information using just one keyword.
It is best not to enter keywords in capital letters, as this may result in the same words written in lower case not being found.
If you don't get any results from your search, check to see if there are any spelling errors in your keywords.
Modern search engines provide the ability to connect a semantic analyzer to a generated query. Using it, you can enter a word and select documents in which derivatives of this word are found in various cases, tenses, etc.
The most accessible and convenient way to search for information on the World Wide Web is to use search engines. In this case, information can be searched through catalogs, as well as through a set of keywords characterizing the text document being searched.
Let's look at the use of search servers in more detail. The search server contains a large number of links to a wide variety of documents, and all these links are systematized into thematic catalogs. For example: sports, cinema, cars, games, science, etc.
Posted on ref.rf
Moreover, these links are installed by the server independently, automatically, by regularly viewing all Web pages appearing on the World Wide Web. At the same time, search servers provide the user with the ability to search for information using keywords. After entering keywords, the search server begins to view documents on other Web servers and display links to those documents in which the specified words appear. Typically, search results are sorted in descending order by a special document rating, which shows how fully a given document meets the search terms or how often it is requested online.
Some important addresses:
www.kros.ru - Kazan regional educational network,
www.edu.ru website of the Russian Ministry of Education,
www.fio.ru - Federation of Internet Education.
3. movement via hyperlinks . This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. If the current document is dedicated, for example, to music, then using the hyperlinks of this document, it is unlikely that you will be able to get to a site dedicated to sports
Three main ways to search for information on the Internet. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Three main ways to search for information on the Internet." 2017, 2018.
Thanks to the ability to search for information on the Internet, anyone can keep abreast of all the news, obtain the information necessary for work or study, and expand their knowledge. However, the amount of data uploaded to the Internet is constantly growing, and sometimes it is very difficult to find the necessary materials in this abundance.
To avoid finding yourself in such a situation, a person must have the ability to search for information on the Internet. To do this, you need to know how search engines work, be able to clearly compose a query, and master some techniques that greatly simplify the search.
Search engine concept
Google and Yandex, familiar to all of us, or Yahoo and Rambler, already forgotten by many, are the main tools for searching information on the Internet. They are a complex system consisting of specialized programs and powerful computers. Its operating principle is simple: the user forms a search query, and the system responds with a list of links to sources of information. Links are arranged in order of relevance, that is, compliance with the request.
Initially, the Internet was the property of a few organizations, and the amount of information it contained was small. But gradually the situation changed. In 1994, the Yahoo.com website appeared, which, according to its creators, was supposed to search for the necessary information in open website directories. However, the rate of replenishment of the World Wide Web with new information was so great that searching through catalogs very quickly lost its usefulness. In the same 1994, the first full-fledged search engine, WebCrawler, was created to search for information on Internet resources, and three years later Google was launched and Yandex was announced.
Search engine characteristics
The growing volume of information requires improving the main indicators of the quality of search engines. These include:
- Completeness, that is, compliance of the resulting list of links with the search query.
- The accuracy or relevance of the found sources to the query.
- Relevance of information.
- Search speed, expressed in the server's resistance to load. This relationship is expressed in a direct relationship: the more queries users formulate, the more quickly the search engine should respond to them.
- Visibility, which consists in providing the user with a more convenient selection of the sites he needs within the results generated by the system.
In order for the listed characteristics to be at the highest possible level, search engines use two main ways to find a resource.
The first is related to the hierarchical structure of information catalogs. The top lines are occupied by general categories (“Family”, “Art”, “Science”), which are subsequently divided into more specific sections (for example, in the “Science” category one can distinguish the sections “Mathematics”, “Physics”, “History”). Sections are also split into component parts, within which there are even smaller elements - and so on down to the lowest levels, which will already contain the information you are looking for.
The second way to search for information on the Internet is based on keywords. Any user request includes a certain number of the most repeated lexemes in connection with the topic of interest, and the search engine produces a list of sites where they are found most often.
Search engine software components
To make it easier to search for information on the Internet and improve the quality of information provided to the user, the programs included in the indexing module are constantly being improved. The search engine’s work process is divided into three stages, at each of which robots specially designed for this function operate:
- Spider downloads web pages and extracts all the links they contain.
- Crawler ("Traveling Spider") follows all the links retrieved at the previous stage and determines further search directions.
- Indexer analyzes all downloaded web pages to determine whether the information they contain matches the request.
Search Engine Hardware Components
An important element of the functioning of a search engine is the server, which ensures the quality and speed of finding necessary information. At the first stage of its work, it analyzes the user request. The analysis results are checked against all downloaded files and ranked according to the correspondence of the request to the found files. The resulting list can be adjusted additional conditions searches specified by the user.
Based on the results of the previous stages, a snippet is formed - an annotation to the found sources, in which the words included in the query are highlighted. It is the snippet that the user sees on the search results page.
Stages of information search
First of all, you need to formulate a request. At this stage, the user should have a clear idea of what result he needs. Next, the course of the search procedure is planned. It refers to information search strategies. On the Internet, this can be done by using specific sites or their catalogs, a more thorough study of already known content, or viewing ready-made databases (for example, digital libraries).
At the final stage, the required information is extracted from the results presented on the search results page.
Search method
You cannot ignore even the seemingly elementary rules of searching for information on the Internet, such as:
- spell checking (despite the fact that modern search engines automatically correct mistakes, the result can sometimes differ from what is required if the query is written incorrectly);
- determining the purpose of the search (for example, for the query “laptop repair, price,” the user can get a list of addresses of computer services, while he needed exactly the average cost of fixing the breakdown);
- setting the necessary restrictions (for example, in the previous example, the search engine could provide information about the cost of repairing laptops in St. Petersburg to a user living in Moscow if he had not set the geographic search area).
But even with the observance of these principles, it sometimes turns out to be difficult to obtain the necessary information. The ability to search for information on the Internet assumes that the user has special skills that allow him to adjust the request.
Features of keyword search
It is not at all necessary to type detailed essays on the issue of interest into the search bar. In any case, the system will select the most frequent words and, based on them, will form the result. However, to clarify the desired goal, you can use logical operators.
The "+" and "-" signs allow you to require the system to ensure that a certain word is present or absent in the found sources. It is important that the sign is written together with the necessary word: “laptop repair + price”.
In order for the search result to literally correspond to the query, next to it you need to put Exclamation point. The request “!price” will only return sites relating to the cost of any service, and not scripts for children’s matinees.
If you want to get an exact match for a phrase rather than a single word, you need to enclose the phrase in quotation marks. This is especially useful when using a quote you need to find an entire work or statement of a famous person.
Advanced search for information on the Internet
If all the previous tips did not help you get the desired result, you can use some additional features that are offered by each search engine. This is especially true for the advanced search capabilities.
The user is offered a number of filters, the use of which allows you to adjust the specified conditions. For example, you can set a strict sequence of words included in the request, indicate their location on the page, or specify the form of occurrence in the text. You can also set a sample that the system should focus on during the search process, for example, a specific site.
The advanced search function, among other things, offers the ability to specify the time of the publication of interest, as well as the region. If the user is looking for a certain document (law, regulation, publication of a work or historical source), he can immediately specify the required format.
Other search methods
The volume of data posted on the Internet is increasing daily. Logical commands, advanced searches, or specialized search skills are often just one of many tools for finding the information you need.
Other ways to search for information on the Internet include following hyperlinks found on a web page. This allows you to clarify or expand information already found or discover new ones. Another popular search method is by image. By uploading any photo to a search engine, the user can count on the system to detect matches with other images and provide the necessary information about a person, object or phenomenon.
Finally, we should not forget that many companies or administrative bodies have their own websites, which may also contain the necessary information, which greatly facilitates the process of searching for information on the Internet.
16.Searching for information on the Internet
The information posted on the World Wide Web amounts to a huge number of bytes. To search for information on the World Wide Web, special websites are used - information retrieval systems. They allow you to use keywords to find information resources related to keywords. This could be text containing keywords, or graphic image one of the keywords. Examples of information retrieval systems are Google systems and Yandex.
Search for information– one of the most popular tasks in practice that any Internet user has to solve.
There are three main ways to search for information on the Internet:
1. Specifying the page address.
3. Contacting a search engine (search server).
Method 1: Specifying the page address
This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if you know exactly the address of the document or the site where the document is located.
Don’t forget the ability to search the web page open in the browser window (Edit-Find on this page...).
This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document.
Method 3: Accessing a search engine
Using hypertext links, you can travel endlessly in the information space of the Network, moving from one web page to another, but if you consider that many millions of web pages have been created in the world, then you can find on them necessary information this way is unlikely to succeed.
Special search engines (also called search engines) come to the rescue. Search server addresses are well known to everyone who works on the Internet. Currently, the following search servers are popular in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet: Yandex (yandex.ru), Google (google.ru) and Rambler (rambler.ru
Search system- a website that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet.
Most search engines search for information on World Wide Web sites, but there are also systems that can search for files on FTP servers, products in online stores, and information in Usenet newsgroups.
According to the operating principle Search engines are divided into two types: search directories and search indexes.
Search directories serve for thematic search.
The information on these servers is structured by topics and subtopics. If you intend to cover a specific topic, it is not difficult to find a list of web pages dedicated to it.
A directory of Internet resources or a directory of Internet resources or simply an Internet directory is a structured set of links to sites with a brief description of them.
Search indexes work as alphabetical indexes. The client specifies a word or group of words that characterizes his search area and receives a list of links to web pages containing the specified terms.
The first search engine for the World Wide Web was Wandex, a now-defunct index developed by Matthew Gray of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993.
How does a search index work?
Search indexes automatically, using special programs (web spiders), scan Internet pages and index them, that is, they enter them into their huge database.
Search robot(“web spider”) is a program that is an integral part of a search engine and is designed to crawl Internet pages in order to enter information about them (keywords) into the search engine database. At its core, the spider most closely resembles a regular browser. It scans the contents of the page, uploads it to the server of the search engine it belongs to, and sends it via links to the following pages.
In response to a request where to find the necessary information, the search server returns a list of hyperlinks leading to web pages on which the necessary information is available or mentioned. The list can be of any extent, depending on the content of the request.
http://www.yandex.ru/
Yandex - Russian system search on the web. The company's website, Yandex.ru, was opened on September 23, 1997. The company's head office is located in Moscow. The company has offices in St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Odessa and Kyiv. The number of employees exceeds 700 people.
The word “Yandex” (consisting of the letter “Ya” and part of the word index; a play on the fact that the Russian pronoun “Ya” corresponds to the English “I”) was coined by Ilya Segalovich, one of the founders of Yandex, currently serving as the company’s technical director.
Yandex Search allows you to search the RuNet for documents in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Romanian, English, German and French, taking into account the morphology of Russian and English languages and proximity of words in a sentence. A distinctive feature of Yandex is the ability to fine-tune the search query. This is implemented through a flexible query language.
By default, Yandex displays 10 links on each results page; in the search results settings, you can increase the page size to 20, 30 or 50 found documents.
From time to time, Yandex algorithms responsible for the relevance of search results change, which leads to changes in the results of search queries. In particular, these changes are aimed at combating search spam, which leads to irrelevant results for some queries.
http://www.google.ru/
Internet search engine leader Google occupies more than 70% of the world market. It currently registers about 50 million search queries daily and indexes more than 8 billion web pages. Google can find information in 115 languages.
According to one version, Google is a distorted spelling of the English word googol. "Googol" is a mathematical term for one followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was first described in the book Mathematics and the Imagination by Kasner and James Newman. Google's use of the term reflects the challenge of organizing the vast amounts of information on the Internet.
Google's interface contains a fairly complex query language that allows you to limit your search to specific domains, languages, file types, etc.
http://www.rambler.ru/
Rambler Media Group is an Internet holding company that includes as services a search engine, a rating classifier of Russian Internet resources, and an information portal.
Rambler was created in 1996.
The Rambler search engine understands and distinguishes between words in Russian, English and Ukrainian. By default, the search is carried out in all forms of the word.
Searching for information is one of the tasks that every Internet user has to solve.
When starting to search for data on the Internet, it is worth determining search purpose. It is useful to answer the following questions for yourself:
- Do you know the addresses of network resources where you can start your search?
- What do you already know about the problem you are looking for information about?
- What keywords should you start your search with?
- How much time are you willing to spend searching for the data you need?
There are three main ways to search for information on the Internet:
Method 1:
Specifying the page address
This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if you know exactly the address of the document or the site where the document is located.
Method 2:
Navigation via hyperlinks
This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. But this method is very simple and suitable for a novice user.
Method 3:
Accessing a search engine
Special search engines (also called search engines) come to the rescue.
The result of the request is a list of links to Web pages, next to which there are specified text fragments. Most popular search engines: Yandex
(yandex.ru), Google
(google.ru) and Rambler
(rambler.ru).The query languages of different search engines are somewhat different from each other.
Yandex search engine
- H To find information using the Yandex search engine, open the main page. The line for entering a search query is located at the top of the page, in the area highlighted with a yellow background.
Having received such a command, Yandex will scan its entire database and try to find web pages in it where the word or phrase we entered appears. At the same time, we must take into account in advance that the more extensive our request, the fewer web pages will correspond to it.
- P by default on one page Yandex displays only 10 such links, so to get acquainted with the full search results you will need to flip through the pages using the link numbers.
- TO Each resource found in the search results is represented by the title of the web page and the link text. In addition, in most cases, the search engine displays a small piece of text contained on a particular web page found that matches your query text. In this case, the words that we entered for the search will be highlighted in bold in these fragments.
- IN at the bottom of the search results page there is a line "in others search engines» . Next to these words there are links to several other popular search engines. Therefore, if we have not found the information we need using Yandex, we can use other search engines by following the link.
You can search for information in Yandex
V simple and advanced search mode.
- Simple search
Before you start typing a query into the search bar of a search engine, carefully formulate .
The clearer the chosen wording, the fewer unnecessary sites the search engine will offer you in search results.
- Advanced Search
To get to a web page that provides such opportunities, you must use a link with the name of the type "Advanced Search" .
By clicking on this link, we will see a large search form in which you can specify many parameters.
The Yandex search system allows, for example, to configure search parameters for words depending on their location
(side by side, in the same sentence, on the same page) and forms.
In addition, it can search web pages by their language
(Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.), according to date last change
and even by file format
web pages.
Finally, with the help of Yandex, you can search for information on a specific site. This can be useful if the site you need does not have a built-in search engine.
Each search engine has its own query languages. We will meet logical query language for Yandex, which allows you to enter additional service commands into the search bar in regular search mode that clarify your requirements. Let's look at some of these commands.
- Use "+" and "-" signs.
For example, if you want to find out about aquarium fish, but without selling or breeding, then type in the search bar:
"aquarium fish - breeding - sale."
- Search for an exact match - the "!" sign.
For example, the query!ivanov will only find pages mentioning this surname, and not the city “Ivanovo”.
- Search for an exact phrase - quotes.
Quotes force the search engine to select only documents in which the words from the query are in exactly the same order in which we specified them in the search query. If there are no quotation marks, then at the request “who is to blame and what to do”, the search engine can offer us a page containing the phrase “who is to blame - do what they say” or “well, who is to blame that Pyotr Petrovich does not know how to make dumplings " Formally, the search engine will cope with its work, because the specified passages contain all the words from the entered phrase. But the fact that they are not at all in the order in which we need is another question, which is being clarified using quotes.
When working with search engines, sooner or later we will come across the word "relevance".Relevance— this is the degree of correspondence of the found documents to our request. For example, in Yandex it can be found at the bottom of every web page containing search results, immediately below a set of link numbers. Here it is used as a parameter for the Sorted function. In addition to the relevance option, a date option is also available.
If pages in search results are sorted by relevance, this means that sites with the highest level of relevance to your query are listed at the very beginning, followed by resources with a lower level of relevance, etc.
Children's search engines
- To protect children from unnecessary information, special children's search engines have been created that do not index all sites, but only sites with children's or children's themes.
Yeah not only search service. Here you can find everyone’s favorite cartoons, coloring books, watching filmstrips, help with various school subjects, etc.
Quintura for Children is a visual search for children's resources, designed specifically for children and aimed at primary and secondary school students.
The interactive Quintura cloud is used for searching. The colorful and attractive interface of the service contains several interactive pictures, by clicking on which children can immediately choose a topic of interest, for example: science, music, dinosaurs or games.
- Home - Children's search.
Searching for information is one of the tasks that every Internet user has to solve.
When starting to search for data on the Internet, it is worth determining search purpose. It is useful to answer the following questions for yourself:
- Do you know the addresses of network resources where you can start your search?
- What do you already know about the problem you are looking for information about?
- What keywords should you start your search with?
- How much time are you willing to spend searching for the data you need?
There are three main ways to search for information on the Internet:
Method 1:
Specifying the page address
This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if you know exactly the address of the document or the site where the document is located.
Method 2:
Navigation via hyperlinks
This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. But this method is very simple and suitable for a novice user.
Method 3:
Accessing a search engine
Special search engines (also called search engines) come to the rescue.
The result of the request is a list of links to Web pages, next to which there are specified text fragments. Most popular search engines: Yandex
(yandex.ru), Google
(google.ru) and Rambler
(rambler.ru).The query languages of different search engines are somewhat different from each other.
Yandex search engine
- H To find information using the Yandex search engine, open the main page. The line for entering a search query is located at the top of the page, in the area highlighted with a yellow background.
Having received such a command, Yandex will scan its entire database and try to find web pages in it where the word or phrase we entered appears. At the same time, we must take into account in advance that the more extensive our request, the fewer web pages will correspond to it.
- P by default on one page Yandex displays only 10 such links, so to get acquainted with the full search results you will need to flip through the pages using the link numbers.
- TO Each resource found in the search results is represented by the title of the web page and the link text. In addition, in most cases, the search engine displays a small piece of text contained on a particular web page found that matches your query text. In this case, the words that we entered for the search will be highlighted in bold in these fragments.
- IN at the bottom of the search results page there is a line "in other search engines" . Next to these words there are links to several other popular search engines. Therefore, if we have not found the information we need using Yandex, we can use other search engines by following the link.
You can search for information in Yandex
V simple and advanced search mode.
- Simple search
Before you start typing a query into the search bar of a search engine, carefully formulate .
The clearer the chosen wording, the fewer unnecessary sites the search engine will offer you in search results.
- Advanced Search
To get to a web page that provides such opportunities, you must use a link with the name of the type "Advanced Search" .
By clicking on this link, we will see a large search form in which you can specify many parameters.
The Yandex search system allows, for example, to configure search parameters for words depending on their location
(side by side, in the same sentence, on the same page) and forms.
In addition, it can search web pages by their language
(Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.), according to last modified date and even by file format
web pages.
Finally, with the help of Yandex, you can search for information on a specific site. This can be useful if the site you need does not have a built-in search engine.
Each search engine has its own query languages. We will meet logical query language for Yandex, which allows you to enter additional service commands into the search bar in regular search mode that clarify your requirements. Let's look at some of these commands.
- Use "+" and "-" signs.
For example, if you want to find out about aquarium fish, but without selling or breeding, then type in the search bar:
"aquarium fish - breeding - sale."
- Search for an exact match - the "!" sign.
For example, the query!ivanov will only find pages mentioning this surname, and not the city “Ivanovo”.
- Search for an exact phrase - quotes.
Quotes force the search engine to select only documents in which the words from the query are in exactly the same order in which we specified them in the search query. If there are no quotation marks, then at the request “who is to blame and what to do”, the search engine can offer us a page containing the phrase “who is to blame - do what they say” or “well, who is to blame that Pyotr Petrovich does not know how to make dumplings " Formally, the search engine will cope with its work, because the specified passages contain all the words from the entered phrase. But the fact that they are not at all in the order in which we need is another question, which is being clarified using quotes.
When working with search engines, sooner or later we will come across the word "relevance".Relevance— this is the degree of correspondence of the found documents to our request. For example, in Yandex it can be found at the bottom of every web page containing search results, immediately below a set of link numbers. Here it is used as a parameter for the Sorted function. In addition to the relevance option, a date option is also available.
If pages in search results are sorted by relevance, this means that sites with the highest level of relevance to your query are listed at the very beginning, followed by resources with a lower level of relevance, etc.
Children's search engines
- To protect children from unnecessary information, special children's search engines have been created that index not all sites, but only sites with children's or children's themes.
AGA is not only a search service. Here you can find everyone’s favorite cartoons, coloring books, watching filmstrips, help with various school subjects, etc.
Quintura for Children is a visual search for children's resources, designed specifically for children and aimed at primary and secondary school students.
The interactive Quintura cloud is used for searching. The colorful and attractive interface of the service contains several interactive pictures, by clicking on which children can immediately choose a topic of interest, for example: science, music, dinosaurs or games.
- Home - Children's search.
Loading...
