Select a list of payment systems. Russian payment systems. Electronic payment systems in Russia

Z-Payment- electronic payment system, integrating various types of payment, such as payment by SMS, bank transfers, payment by plastic card and others. In 2002, a group of developers created the Transactor technological platform, on the basis of which Z-PAY and Z-Payment were subsequently created. September 1, 2006 - Zorbit (investor) and Transactor (developer) launched the Z-PAY payment system. The system existed until April 2007, then it was transferred to the investor company without the right to change. On September 1, 2007, Transactor developers opened the Z-Payment payment system.

Any Internet user can register their wallet in the system. Calculations in Z-Payment are carried out in conventional units ZP, 1 ZP is equal to 1 ruble. With Z-Payment wallet you can make payments in online stores connected to Z-Payment, as well as pay for various services including cellular communication, satellite television, services of Internet providers, etc. If the user has his own online store or paid service, he can activate payment acceptance through the system. The user can work as an individual or a legal entity.

IntellectMoney- electronic discount and payment system. Its main task is to provide users with a simple and secure way to pay for goods and services on the Internet and to provide the opportunity to receive significant discounts in retail and service enterprises.

In parallel, two directions are being developed: payment, which ensures financial settlements in real time between users (individuals and legal entities who have registered in the system and activated an account), and discount (within the framework of the cash back discount program).

All transactions are carried out only in Russian rubles. To work with the payment system, a web interface is used.

Both individuals and legal entities can register with IntellectMoney. There are two types of accounts for them: personal account and business account.

MoneyMail– an electronic payment system that allows you to pay for hosting, purchase goods and services in online stores, top up game accounts in online casinos, pay bills for housing and communal services and telephone services, pay providers for the Internet or for cellular communications, use credit cards of Russian banks , as well as issue invoices and send money to any e-mail.

The main purpose of the system is the development of a software package with the help of which Russian banks will be able to offer the entire range of technologically advanced banking products to a wide audience of Internet users.

The owner of MoneyMail is the company Moneymail CJSC, the controlling stake of which belongs to the investment holding FINAM. November 24, 2004 is the official launch day of the Russian payment system MoneyMail.

1. What trends in the use and development of payment instruments could you note in recent years?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
Before the crisis, we experienced a steady increase in card payments - customers began to trust online shopping more and finally appreciated the convenience and benefits of online shopping.

One of the fundamentally new technologies is the introduction of contactless payments. International payment systems introduced Visa payWave and MasterCard PayPass, allowing payments to be made with one touch of the POS terminal in supermarkets and stores. It is also impossible not to note the first confident steps of global payment systems in the field of electronic wallets- V.ME from Visa, MasterPass from MasterCard. They allow you to combine several payment instruments under one “pay” button.

Don’t forget about the growth of payments from mobile devices (smartphones and tablets). According to PayOnline, in 2015, almost 40% of online shoppers made purchases from mobile devices, and in 2016, judging by the trend, more than half of payments will be made on smartphones and tablets.

P2P transfers continue to gain popularity, including through social networks and instant messengers. Many users still have doubts about the security of money transfers via messages, but data encryption is becoming more advanced. new level- messengers are starting to fight for the title of the “safest” method of communication, so we can expect that this method of money transfers will soon become quite commonplace.

Sergey Belyaev, RFI Bank
There are not so many main trends. Firstly, business goes online: communication with clients in a language they understand and on a platform they are familiar with. Moreover, offline does not die, but is integrated into this process. Secondly, the increase in the use of contactless payments, especially in supermarkets and hypermarkets. Not only is it fashionable, it reduces checkout downtime by a few seconds. And a second on one client is already a big plus. Thirdly, the spread of mobile card readers, pinpads and other things. A small device allows you to accept a card wherever your smartphone can connect to the Internet!

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
In recent years, a number of trends have remained stable: the growth of sales through mobile phones, the increase in the share of non-cash payments, the entry into the electronic payment market of companies that have never previously provided financial services, and the simplification of tariff schedules.

Among the latest trends, we can highlight the increased demand for customization (niche solutions) of payment services for various online stores (small, medium, large; with a call center, offline representation, subscription sales, etc.).

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
Using payment cards for payments rather than cash withdrawals. In 2015, people were 41.5% more likely to use a card to pay for goods and services than in 2014 (according to the Bank of Russia). An increasingly important role in the development of infrastructure is played not by its traditional components that provide offline interaction, but by online payments: on the Internet and using mobile phones. There is currently no independent data that would allow us to see not only the state of the national payment system at the macro level, but also to track consumer payment behavior.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
The trend is everything related to mobile phones. Recurring and recurring payments, adaptive form for any device, card linking to NFC technology, custom solutions for online business, without dependence on payment systems and PCI DSS.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Over the past 2 years, investments have been seen in payment technologies related to QR codes, mobile payments via NFC solutions, and the use of an account with a telecom operator as a source of payment for small transaction amounts both online and offline.

Vitaly Tsigulev, Digital Finance
Firstly, the entry of many fintech startups into the market, their confrontation and partnership with traditional banks. For example, in the field of accepting payments on websites, banks have long lost their primacy to Internet companies. According to some studies, only 10% of merchants are directly connected to accepting payments through a bank, while the rest work with payment gateways or payment aggregators. But in the Russian realities of very careful regulation of all processes related to money, it is quite difficult for startups to develop without being an independent bank, its part or an NPO. Secondly, probably the main trend is blockchain (a chain of connected blocks, each of which contains a hash of the previous one and is processed on distributed servers). One of the first large-scale implementations of this technology on the Russian market was recently launched by the National Settlement Depository: the organization switched to a blockchain system for electronic voting of bondholders. Not everyone fully understands distributed registry technology yet, and how exactly it should be applied in each specific case, but listening to experts and following Western colleagues, more and more large financial organizations are beginning to invest in this area.

2. What, in your opinion, are the most promising areas? further development mobile payments? For what purposes will they be used? Who will be the main user?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
Mobile operators will continue to try to “get” subscribers to use a SIM card as a payment instrument. Here we foresee serious competition with Apple Pay, a technology that allows the use of wearable devices and smartphones as a full-fledged means of payment for both online and offline payments. Following Apple, players are emerging who provide a similar payment option via NFC in conjunction with Internet payments. By functionality Apple devices and their competitors are on the same level. User choice will depend on additional options, price segment and, of course, the brand.

Another noticeable trend is e-commerce in social networks and instant messengers. An online store on VKontakte or Instagram will no longer surprise anyone, and until recently these social networks acted exclusively as a showcase and a channel for communication between the seller and the buyer. Now we see solutions that allow us to turn a public or community into social network in a full-fledged online store. This is an excellent solution for those who have built up a customer base of subscribers over several years and can now conveniently convert it into sales without redirecting customers to the online store page.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
The idea of ​​messenger applications in which you can chat, get all the necessary information and make a purchase looks quite interesting and promising. Most recently, the chairman of the board of directors of Yulmart, Dmitry Kostygin, announced the creation of a similar messenger for purchasing goods. With world development mobile technologies and instant messengers, we can expect the integration of payment instruments into popular apps WhatsApp, Facebook, Viber, Telegram and others.

If we look at it more comprehensively, mobile payments must be used in conjunction with other important elements of e-commerce - loyalty, special offers and rewards.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
First of all, the mobile phone will replace self-service banking terminals. Secondly, the telephone becomes a material carrier for bank card. The less effort required from a person to “turn” a payment card into a “phone,” the greater the chance that payments of small amounts and those made in a “hurry” will be made by “phone.” This is payment for business lunches, taxis, and everyday purchases. The third is payments using funds in the account with the telecom operator. mobile connection, parking, p2p transfers.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
The tourism segment, air tickets, car sharing, and medical services are gaining momentum.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Mobile payments are different from each other, and each type is promising in its own market segment. Firstly, mobile payments, which allow payers to operate a subscriber account with telecom operator, and used for payments both on various sites (games, online cinemas, online stores) and offline (vending machines, TV shows, paid parking, etc.). Secondly, mobile payments, which use a bank account as a source of money and an NFC chip as a payment interface. The latter allows you to use a fairly extensive payment network of Visa and MasterCard, built thanks to the banking network for accepting payments (shops, transport, vending machines, etc.).

For the most part, mobile tools are now used by “innovators”, and in some segments by so-called “early adopters”. The main growth in demand for the “early majority” will come later. One of the drivers of growth will be bookmaker companies that are allowed to collect bets via the Internet, providing their services online.

Vitaly Tsigulev, Digital Finance
An important trend is the emergence of mobile payment systems such as Apple Pay, Android Pay, Samsung Pay. I would not write about this if it were not for three events that took place one after the other at approximately equal intervals. First, Samsung announced the launch of its payment service in Russia in the middle of this year, then information leaked that Apple was negotiating with leading Russian banks to launch its wallet at the end of 2016, and then Yandex.Money announced that you can now pay using NFC, using MasterCard Cloud-Based Payments (MCBP) technology directly from mobile application and accounts in your Yandex.Money account.

3. What are the main limiting factors for the growth of the payment instruments market and possible ways fight them?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
All attention is now focused on the banking sector. Acquiring banks, direct participants in processing, processing payments, in currently experience stricter influence from the regulator represented by the Central Bank of Russia. Those processors and payment aggregators who, in the pursuit of profit, chose less reliable banks as partners, giving more “interesting” commission rates, today risk being left without acquiring banks at all. The moment a bank loses its license, the payment aggregator rushes to find a new partner, but even a week’s downtime leads to an outflow of customers. The concentration of players is growing, the market is monopolizing, and online stores are the first to suffer - they go to new payment partners on different terms and again spend time and money connecting to a new partner. The current crisis is causing the e-commerce market to take a step back - sellers are leaning back in favor of cash payments, reducing their costs.

The solution that will be most effective at the moment is a constructive dialogue between the Central Bank, the Electronic Money Association and professional market participants. The payment instruments market still has a long way to go - it is necessary to simplify and optimize many processes, but due to the influence of many third-party factors, this is not as fast and easy as everyone would like.

Sergey Belyaev, RFI Bank
The main limiting factor to the growth in the number and quality of tools is the incomplete understanding of these tools on the part of users. It is indicative that the majority of Russians withdraw money from their salary card on the very first day of their accrual. And we should rather not fight this, but rather work with the population to help, remove objections and explain all the advantages.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
Currently, there are no particular constraining factors that could fundamentally affect the payment instruments industry. Retail and payment solutions go hand in hand; the development of the former necessarily affects the latter. The desire to provide quality goods and service is always rewarded with sales. The same applies to payment solutions - how convenient, understandable, and profitable the service is, the more in demand it is.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
It is more correct to talk about the growth of non-cash turnover. The concept of a market is redundant in relation to payment instruments. A payment instrument is simply a way to initiate a payment and, by and large, it doesn’t matter exactly how this happens: a person inserts a card into a POS terminal or the kettle itself generates a debit according to a given algorithm to pay for the energy it consumes.

Non-cash turnover should be recognized as a priority of economic policy. Only then will it be possible to use the obvious advantage of non-cash payment: its electronic nature, ensuring its complete transparency, which is not used today. Non-cash payment will become economically profitable due to paperless interaction with the buyer and control authorities, reducing the cost of administering payments and other things. This will provide an incentive for the development of all forms of payment instruments. The payment instruments segment must be extremely competitive. Only fierce market competition in this area will ensure the quality and safety of payment services for consumers. And the third important component is that it is necessary to build a modern infrastructure for identifying payers. Anonymous payments will quickly become a thing of the past.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
Firstly, payment technologies with innovative solutions are difficult to access for small and medium-sized e-commerce businesses. Large, historically established players in the payment market do not undertake to solve the needs of newly created projects, startups, small and medium-sized companies, especially without confirmed turnover. Or they solve them incompletely and for an additional fee.

Secondly, large businesses do not have e-commerce simple solution, which allows you to independently manage the payment infrastructure without obtaining a PCI DSS security certificate. At the same time, any need to change the payment solution (customization, design, placement, field adjustments, etc.) requires the preparation of a separate technical specification, followed by labor-intensive implementation on the side of the payment service.

Thirdly, low conversion of payments. The reason lies in many details, including cumbersome anti-fraud protection settings, rules on the side of the payment service itself, as well as an outdated and incorrect payment process algorithm: with extra fields, steps, transitions, etc.

Fourthly, the lack of a full set of payment instruments in one solution for accepting bank cards online, with 100% confirmed working cases. Often technical capabilities, declared by existing payment services, are not implemented in practice, or are only in the development stage.

Finally, existing processing centers do not have modern technologies fault tolerance, while abroad they are constantly being developed and implemented, in world experience this is a constant trend.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
The limiting factor is the unwillingness of a large number of business players (retail) to switch to full transparency of their activities. Continuing to evade taxes, they accept cash for payment.

Over the past 1.5 years, the Central Bank and Rosfinmonitoring have greatly reduced the level of “cash-out”, thereby stimulating the growth of non-cash mutual settlements. In addition, the Central Bank, the banking sector, payment systems Visa, MasterCard and NSPK, as well as telecom operators are actively popularizing electronic means of payment, both through educational activities and marketing activities, and by legislatively introducing restrictions on working with cash.

4. Are there any difficulties with changing the consumer habits of users when introducing new technological solutions into payment instruments and, if so, which ones? What methods are used to influence the end user to change his habits?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
If understanding the technology becomes easier - new solutions require intuitive interfaces - then problems with trust may still arise. UX has become one of the “pillars” on which payment innovations are based; sometimes it’s enough to press one button to make a purchase. But the security of data and its protection from attackers and others are called into question.

In order to convince the buyer to make payment in one way or another, it is necessary, firstly, to give him as much as possible full information about what protects him, and secondly, to enlist the support of partners - well-known brands. If a customer sees that their favorite world-famous store offers payment in a new way that many other customers have tried, their trust will likely increase. In addition, technology dictates its own conditions, for example, if you trust biometric data (fingerprints) when locking your smartphone, then you will most likely be ready to make a payment using the same method.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
The habit of using one or another payment instrument can only be developed through frequent positive experiences, both the user’s own and the user’s close circle of friends. Widespread distribution of the solution, confidence in a successful transaction, high-quality support - all this contributes to changing user preferences.

Another important factor is the channels and formats for conveying information about new technological solutions. Statistics show that young people aged 18–25 are the most actively trying new services and solutions. This factor must be taken into account when promoting a service.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
They arise, but do not carry any special marketing specificity. The peculiarity of payment services lies in a slightly different plane. Non-cash payment competes with cash payment not only at the level of consumer choice, but also at the “corporate” level. What benefits will the store receive from accepting new payment instruments for payment? What benefit will the company receive if accountable funds are transferred to cards rather than issued in cash? As soon as actual economic feasibility is found - and these can be a variety of motives, from strategic and image-based to reducing the cost of document management - solving the problem of consumer habits becomes a matter of competent marketing.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
This question should be asked to online stores. They make management decisions on any implementation of anything because this is their user audience. She trusts first of all the online store, and they know how to communicate with her.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Based on the Central Bank's indicators, it can be seen that consumers are increasingly using cards as a means of payment and transfer. This indicates a gradual change in the consumer’s consciousness and a decrease in mistrust in this payment instrument.

The growth rate of non-cash payments is being reduced by scammers who open fly-by-night companies (travel industry, Forex market players, builders of financial pyramids, etc.), collect payments through their websites and disappear. Cybercriminals also cause very irreparable damage to trust in electronic means of payment.

5. Do you think biometric authentication methods will be developed and, if so, in what time frame? What are the main obstacles to this?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
Biometric authentication methods are already being developed. Several decades ago, such technologies were more of a fantasy than a way of life, but today we can easily get fingerprinted when applying for tourist visas, and schoolchildren pay for lunches using Ladoshka, a biometric service of Sberbank, launched last year.

The main obstacles to biometrics are defensive psychology and outdated technology. Firstly, users do not want their biometric data to be included in general databases. Even those who do not plan to become an international criminal and hide from intelligence services do not like the idea of ​​getting into a corporate database and losing the opportunity to maintain privacy, because changing fingerprints or capillary patterns is much more difficult than changing a SIM card or a servicing bank.

Outdated technology is also a challenge in the small and medium b2c segment. An excellent example of the massive market transition to new technologies is how American retail outlets have been switching to point-of-sale terminals that support chip cards for many years. So it’s too early to talk about a massive transition of users to biometrics. But we are confident that projects will appear one after another, with increasing frequency, and the biometric authentication technology itself will become commonplace within 5–7 years.

Sergey Belyaev, RFI Bank
They will receive it. Undoubtedly. For example, what is a bank card? This is a way of identifying a person. It is natural to expect that identification should be simplified. Why do you need crutches in the form of a card, passport or other identifier for the identification process? Perhaps soon it will be possible to pay for purchases by blinking or pressing electronic hand or something else. What's stopping this? Technology and habit.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
Payment using an Alibaba selfie) or a fingerprint (Samsung) and so on are still technologies that require serious improvements. Transaction security is the main condition for a payment instrument. For now, these technologies can be considered as some kind of prototypes, on the basis of which in the future, perhaps, the infrastructure for biometric authentication when making online payments will be built.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
This is an obvious trend in the development of the institution of identification and authentication. The main barriers are on the socio-cultural plane. This is an area in which under no circumstances should technology be allowed to develop faster than the “mental” or “social” readiness to use it. The implementation process must proceed carefully and gradually. It is important that methods for challenging identification results and methods for protecting identity are developed in parallel. But, apparently, the necessary methods will first be developed in areas not related to payments, perhaps, for example, in medicine.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
Yes. There is a very cool technology created by Sberbank. Payment by palm. By the end of 2017, it will be as widespread as PayPass.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Already, various types of biometric authentication (fingerprint, face, voice, palm capillary pattern recognition) are being implemented around the world, and examples of these projects can be found. These are investment projects. And only market leaders who have enough funds to develop and implement these technologies can afford to implement these solutions during a crisis. As with cards, the market will have to get used to new ways of accessing finance or information.

6. How do you assess the influence of the state on the payment instruments market?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
Firstly, this is the regulator of the Central Bank of Russia. Secondly, this is the influence of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications - the requirement to place servers on the territory Russian Federation greatly influenced e-commerce in our country. Thirdly, we should not forget about the state initiative aimed at protecting Russian buyers from so-called “sanctions” from international payment systems, namely the introduction of the national payment card system “Mir”. As a result, we can see the global influence of the state on the market of payment instruments, although many nuances and small points are still in question and can be interpreted in two ways from the point of view of the law.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
Over the past year, Internet business and online payments have received close attention from the state: many initiatives and bills, some of which seriously worry industry representatives. For example, a bill on new rules that apply to cash registers(switch to online cash registers). At the same time, the authorities plan to seriously tighten penalties for trading without cash registers. I don't think this is just a coincidence.

During the first quarter of 2016, the Central Bank revoked licenses from 37 banks. Naturally, this fact forces entrepreneurs to play it safe by connecting two or more payment solutions, to choose partners more carefully, and to study the market, since, as practice shows, even the most well-known solution can have problems.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
The influence of the state on the level of non-cash payments and the payment services market is always great. The state is one of the main beneficiaries of the high share of non-cash payments.

If we are talking specifically about payment instruments, then the legally established division of payment instruments into nationally significant and all others does not seem to be the most effective tool for the development of the Russian payment industry.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
Not at all. I do not see any government participation in e-commerce in a positive way, as, for example, it is done in the USA. I also don’t see any participation that is harmful.

7. What positive and negative consequences could result from the introduction of cryptocurrency into widespread circulation? What are the prospects for the development of blockchain technologies?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
As German Gref noted several years ago, “cryptocurrencies are a very interesting international experiment that breaks the paradigm of currency emission.” However, today Russia is one of the most unfavorable jurisdictions for cryptocurrency users in the world: in addition to a ban on their use, the possibility of introducing criminal liability for the use of cryptocurrencies is being discussed.

From the point of view of the state and society, the possible negative consequences of using cryptocurrencies are the risk of their use in the trade in drugs, weapons, counterfeit documents and other criminal activities, as well as for money laundering, terrorist financing and uncontrolled cross-border transfer of funds and their subsequent cashing. Strengths cryptocurrencies are obvious: complete decentralization, independence from the political and economic situation in the world, unprecedented payment security, system stability due to the growing distribution of power. It is also worth noting that bitcoins are just a convenient payment tool in the modern world. And everyone decides for themselves whether to use this tool for good or evil.

Blockchain is a very interesting and promising technology that could help solve a number of problems relevant to Russian fintech. But due to the ban on the release and use of cryptocurrencies in Russia, the creation of Russian products built using this technology is impossible. This limitation is due to the fact that today only the Bitcoin blockchain is truly secure, having both enormous computing power and a relatively uniform distribution of “miners” who are responsible for calculating complex keys.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
With the widespread adoption of blockchain technologies, the traditional financial services market may undergo major changes. Moreover, the question will be raised about the feasibility of the existence of banks and other services.

The Central Bank has unambiguously voiced its position regarding the blockchain: “We are for the technology with all our hands, but against money surrogates.” However, to implement the technology, we need a deep study of all the details and the creation legislative framework. On this moment Much more work needs to be done to make this vision a reality.

As for cryptocurrency, the market is adapting to the consumer, and the consumer is now looking with interest towards everything new. If the regulator makes a positive decision, the widespread popularization of cryptocurrency requires a serious push associated not only with its introduction as a payment method, but also with extensive information support.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
Cryptocurrency will have a pulse lifespan. It will definitely never be introduced in Russia. Blockchain technology is cool. They will definitely be used in some form.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Now they are trying not only to consider the use of blockchain technology, but also to actively implement it in many projects. Blockchain technology makes it possible to avoid discreet changes to information and documents, which will help many industries when working with information online.

Records in the blockchain are decentralized, stored on different computers and verified by network participants, and not by a regulatory authority.

Vitaly Tsigulev, Digital Finance
Blockchain, Bitcoin and smart contracts are certainly one of the most promising areas in modern payment technologies. It would be more correct for Russian legislators to regulate the circulation of cryptocurrencies instead of a ban, the implementation of which is impossible to control. Moreover, cryptocurrencies and blockchain are very interconnected, and often any blockchain project has its own internal currency for settlements. And it is not yet clear how to deal with the position of the Central Bank in this situation, according to which blockchain is good, and cryptocurrencies (money surrogates) are bad.

8. Are you aware of any upcoming mergers/acquisitions of players in this market? Are radical changes in the current market conditions possible? What could be the external reasons for this?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
It is unlikely that we will see radical changes in the next couple of years. Competition from banks is too strong, there are several really large players in the market, and there are many small ones that have appeared due to low entry thresholds. There is a tendency towards dumping - only leaders can afford to do it, so perhaps the market will thin out - small businesses are unlikely to be able to maintain low prices for a long time during a crisis. Of course, consolidation is needed. Most likely, in the struggle for market share with the aim of synergy, it will take place among large players, and this is justified.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
There is a high probability that there will be mergers and acquisitions. The market is aggressive and forces development, sometimes faster than the company can afford. If this happens, then a choice arises - go into niche solutions or continue development, but perhaps in the team of a former competitor.

The situation is also fueled by competition between payment systems and acquiring banks, which are now actively developing their client divisions and are beginning to connect large companies directly.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
There will always be changes. The most dynamic ones, working for high-quality service, will set the trend and not let the “old guys” of the market relax.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
Some mergers/acquisitions are now taking place as a result of banks strengthening their positions in new niches. In some cases, the situation developed in such a way that the payment system was left without an institutional foundation (the license was revoked / the bank was reorganized) and was forced to look for a strong partner and quickly carry out a transaction so as not to lose market share.

9. How are the changes taking place in the world market reflected in the Russian market?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
In terms of technology, the Russian market does not lag behind, and often even outstrips, the developed markets of Europe and North America. So we can confidently say that Runet responds to the technological challenges of global fintech quickly and with dignity.

But there are issues that business does not have the opportunity to influence - these are government regulation and financial conditions international payment systems. We have already talked about the regulation of cryptocurrencies, so we will not dwell on this issue.

An important difference Russian market are the financial policies of international payment systems. Unlike Europe, where the size of the interchange fee is gradually decreasing, in Russia it “stuck” at the same level. Today we do not yet have data on the conditions that the Russian payment system “Mir” will offer to players in the Russian e-commerce market, but we assume that the pricing logic itself will differ from the logic of VISA and MasterCard, and the cost for business is unlikely to be significantly lower.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
The devaluation of the ruble and the rise in prices of most goods in 2015 gave a new round of development to cross-border trade. Large Chinese companies are gaining a foothold in the Russian market, thereby displacing intermediaries. Regular massive discount promotions provide them with high consumer demand and widespread media coverage.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
One of the global trends is finding the right balance between the global nature of payments and the need to maintain local control over them. This trend is also relevant for the Russian market. The point is to find the right balance. It is important not to reflect the changes taking place in the global market, but to be part of this market and a source of change.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
We have an amazing country, and this does not allow us to talk 100% about reflecting and applying something new from the world market. A lot of things don't stick. A simple example - 3D-secure in America is not used in the same way as it is done in 99% of cases in Russia.

Vyacheslav Fedorov, e-MoneyNews
The Internet and the current situation with the ruble exchange rate allow us to enter global markets and sell goods or provide services while being in the Russian Federation. Now is the time to take advantage of the opportunity that has arisen.

10. Is it possible, in your opinion, to significantly reduce the share of cash use through the transition to non-cash payments? What are the main limiting factors for this?

Marat Abasaliev, PayOnline
Now the crisis is still playing against non-cash payments, so we cannot talk about a truly significant reduction in the share of cash use. Yes, there is certainly a growth in online payments, but in the next couple of years it will be rather inorganic due to an increase in cardholders and an increase in Internet penetration in the country. In addition, the implementation of the Mir payment system requires technical improvements to payment systems, which will take time. Most likely, the functionality of Mir in the first year will be limited to cash withdrawals, and this will also become a limiting factor for the development of online payments.

Sergey Belyaev, RFI Bank
Cash will someday be almost completely gone or degenerate, as is the case with paper books. With the rapid development of the Internet and technology, they predicted the death of the book, but death did not happen. Books have become more expensive, more beautiful, more prestigious. Paper and metal money will also be reborn.

Igor Nazarov, Shopolog
The share of non-cash payments on the Internet is increasing every year. This process is slow, but the growth is stable. Moreover, the growth occurs not only in bank cards, but also in the use of mobile devices for payment and payment systems. There is a high probability that in large cities, cashless payments will dominate over cash in a few years.

However, there are a number of factors that slow down growth: low level financial literacy, fear of losing control over expenses, fear of fraud. Typically, these factors are most noticeable in small and medium-sized cities.

Maria Mikhailova, National Payments Council
Non-cash payment should have obvious advantages over cash. Like a mobile phone before a landline. Due to its nature, non-cash payment is a hostage to indirect regulation, those barriers that arise at the interfaces of regulation, both in various industries and various spheres of economic life. If the level of non-cash payments is not a direct priority of government policy, then these barriers can only be removed in one way: industry analysis, the formation of an industrial position on each key limiting factor, and making changes.

Felix Muchnik, Softkey
A decrease in consumer activity leads to a search for more economical and budget-friendly places to shop. And such places quite rightly become online stores, where digital content is that very inexpensive but necessary product for the consumer. What we see: there is a product, there is money to purchase it, but there is no education in the mass consumption of legal digital content and the use of non-cash payment methods when purchasing goods and services in online stores. Yes, a lot of work has already been done in the area of ​​introducing customers to plastic cards, but there is still a very wide group of those who choose cash. And banks and small businesses should engage in this very education, creating special conditions for the transition to non-cash payments and making payments as convenient and invisible to the user as possible, thereby developing the habit of this particular payment method.

A good example of creating such conditions is the Yandex.Taxi application. In it we simply link our card via mobile device and we use taxi services, and we do it on more favorable terms than those who choose cash. Thanks to such a system, we can talk about an increase in the number of payments using plastic. A person begins to understand how convenient such a system is, and ultimately uses it automatically. In addition, the application provides an excellent service - the ability to pay tips for the driver also using a non-cash payment. This is an amazingly simple and incredibly convenient thing that, in my opinion, should be implemented in any service industry. And first of all - to the cash register receipts of restaurants. Why has this practice become the norm all over the world for a long time, but we are still promoting cash? After all, non-cash payments are easier to control, and they easily move into the taxable zone.

Another excellent and relatively recent example is that of the Platypus company. As soon as banks were allowed to hold money on cards, Utkonos equipped its couriers with devices - terminals for instant payment on the spot using cards. And this immediately significantly reduced all sorts of inconveniences that could arise for both the buyer and the seller: a variable payment amount when paying for goods, lack of cash for payment, lack of change from the courier, no temptation to “under-deliver” the received cash, etc. The more opportunities there are to pay with plastic or any other non-cash payment method, the faster the refusal from cash will be carried out. And this growth should be ensured, as mentioned above, by banks and small enterprises. Yes, portal public services accustoms the residents of our country to non-cash payments, the percentage is undoubtedly growing, but the process would develop much more dynamically if, along with this, provision from banks and enterprises also developed.
Let's not go far and remember the example of purchasing air tickets, which became the first serious purchases using a non-cash payment method. People, having tried it once, began to actively use this method in the future. As soon as Russian Railways introduced the possibility of purchasing tickets using non-cash payments, people actively began purchasing tickets using this method. In my opinion, Aeroexpress generally did a wonderful thing: it offered customers to purchase tickets using non-cash payments on more favorable terms, making the cost of tickets lower than at the station ticket office.

Thus, we can state the fact that the state and consumers are least to blame for the lack of rapid growth in non-cash payments and plastic payments. And most of all, this should be facilitated by the enterprises themselves, introducing additional conditions for incentives, and by banks, which should encourage non-cash payments at enterprises.

Dmitry Spiridonov, CloudPayments
There are no limiting factors. There is a problem in the mentality of our population. The cache will die. If Central Russia pays easily on the Internet, then the population to the right of the Ural Mountains is just learning not to withdraw cash from an ATM, but to buy something in a store using their bank card.

Electronic payment systems are becoming an increasingly popular financial instrument. The ability to manage your payments and expenses from any device and make any payments online is not a complete list of functions of electronic wallets.

Today, the list of payment systems includes several dozen names, but only a few are recognized as the most reliable and convenient. Those who have decided to open an account with such a service for active use should first familiarize themselves with the features of each wallet.

Visa Qiwi Wallet

Opens a list of payment systems Qiwi wallet. It’s not for nothing that the Qiwi Wallet electronic service is in first place - it is a convenient and functional multi-platform tool. The Qiwi group was formed in 2007 in Moscow. Since then, the company has managed to acquire its own bank, entered the international level and released co-branded products together with Visa.

Today, the Qiwi payment system has tens of millions of users around the world. Qiwi wallet holders have the opportunity to make utility and other types of payments, repay loans, make transfers and pay for purchases on the Internet and applications. This is not all the possibilities of the wallet! At the same time, the account in Visa Qiwi Wallet matches the owner’s phone number, and the level of payment security allows you to be confident in the safety of funds.

WebMoney Transfer

The WebMoney wallet does not top the list of electronic payment systems, but it firmly holds a leading position in some individual items. First of all, this is the most popular way to carry out currency transactions online. IN WebMoney Keeper available for opening an account in US dollars, euros, hryvnias and other monetary units.

To open an account, you just need to install a special keeper on your computer or mobile device. The developers guarantee compliance with all security requirements; therefore, some calculations require passport data, and each operation is confirmed with a password.

Users are offered numerous functions and services, partnerships of large companies and a user-friendly interface. The specificity of this wallet is the ability to exchange currencies. The course, of course, is not the most profitable, but sometimes such a service comes in handy.

"Yandex money"

In 2002, the Russian browser "Yandex" released its next product - the electronic payment system "Yandex.Money". In the same year, the project received an official bank certificate as a service for electronic payments and bank transfers, surpassing other payment systems in this matter. The list of Yandex.Money users includes 18 million people, and every day this figure is replenished by 12 thousand.

Users can install the payment system wallet on a mobile device, on a computer as a program, or use the service online. Wallet owners can pay for purchases, receipts and bills. In this case, the funds are debited at the user’s choice either from an account in the payment system or from a bank card. In payment terminals using Yandex.Money, you can select the desired provider and complete the transaction using cash.

One of the features of the Yandex service is the ability to make payments to unregistered users. Official wallet owners can order a plastic card linked to the Yandex.Money system and set up reminders.

All of the above platforms are included in the list of payment systems in Russia. Internet users often have to resort to international systems for payments. As a rule, most foreign online stores and applications work with PayPal.

PayPal

This is the undisputed leader, surpassing other electronic payment systems in world rankings. The list of PayPal wallet owners is more than 170 million people. The system is recognized as very convenient and safe. But the electronic service is not very hospitable to residents of Russia and a number of countries of the former Union.

Some operations are still not available to residents of our country. And if we take into account the list of available currencies for settlements in the system, then a rather strange fact was the long absence of the ruble, but the presence of other 18 currencies, including the Hong Kong dollar or the Polish zloty.

Nobody hid the reasons for such measures at PayPal. The point is a lack of trust in the residents of Russia and an attempt to protect the system from scammers and violators, who, according to the creators of the service, live in abundance in the Russian Federation and CIS countries.

Payment systems are a convenient modern service. The vast majority of users believe that such technologies are the future. The list of payment systems is constantly updated, and existing projects are evolving and improving. If someone still doesn't have a wallet in electronic service payment system, then you definitely need to get one.

Electronic money is the monetary obligations of the organization that issued it (the issuer), located on electronic media under the control of users.

Main features electronic money:

• carrying out issuance in electronic form;
• storage on electronic media;
• the issuer's guarantees for their provision with ordinary funds;
• their recognition as a means of payment not only by the issuer, but also by a number of other organizations.

To clearly understand what electronic money is, it is necessary to distinguish it from the non-cash form of traditional money (the latter is issued by the central banks of various countries, and they also establish the rules for their circulation).

Credit cards, which are only a means of management, have nothing to do with electronic money. bank account. All transactions when using cards are carried out with ordinary money, albeit in non-cash form.

The history of electronic money

The idea of ​​electronic payment systems appeared in the 80s of the twentieth century. It was based on the inventions of David Shaum, who founded the DigiCash company in the USA, whose main task was to introduce electronic money circulation technologies.

The idea was quite simple. The system carries out operations with electronic coins, which are files-obligations of the issuer with his electronic signature. The purpose of the signature was similar to the purpose of the security elements of paper bills.

Principles of operation of electronic money systems

For the successful operation of this payment instrument, it is necessary that organizations selling goods and providing services be willing to accept electronic money as payment. This condition was ensured by the issuer’s guarantees for the payment of amounts in real currency in exchange for electronic coins put into circulation by it.

In a simplified form, the system’s functioning diagram can be represented as follows:

• The client transfers real currency to the issuer's account, receiving in return a file banknote (coin) for the same amount minus a commission. This file confirms the issuer's debt obligations to its holder;
• The client uses electronic coins to pay for goods and services in organizations that are ready to accept them;
• The latter return these files to the issuer, receiving real money from him in return.

With this organization of work, each party benefits. The issuer receives his commission. Trading enterprises save on costs associated with cash handling (storage, collection, cashier work). Customers receive discounts due to lower costs from sellers.

Advantages of electronic money:

• Unitability and divisibility. When making payments there is no need for change.
• Compactness. Storage does not require additional space or special mechanical protection devices.
• No need for recounting or transportation. This function is performed automatically by payment and electronic money storage tools.
• Minimum emission costs. There is no need to mint coins or print banknotes.
• Unlimited service life due to resistance to wear.

The advantages are obvious, but, as usual, there are no difficulties.

Flaws:

• The circulation of electronic money is not regulated by uniform laws, which increases the likelihood of abuse and arbitrariness;
• The need for special payment and storage tools;
• For a relatively short period of operation, reliable means of storing and protecting electronic money from counterfeiting have not been developed;
• Limited application due to the unwillingness of all sellers to accept electronic payments;
• The difficulty of converting funds from one electronic payment system to another;
• Lack of government guarantees confirming the reliability of the issuer and electronic money as such.

Storage and use of electronic money

Online wallet- This software, intended for storing electronic funds and carrying out transactions with them within one system.

Who organizes the functioning of these systems and issues electronic money?

Electronic money issuers

Requirements for issuers vary from country to country. In the EU, issues are carried out by electronic money institutions - a new special class of financial institutions. In accordance with the legislation of a number of countries, including India, Mexico, Ukraine, only banks have the right to engage in this activity. In Russia - both banks and non-banking financial organizations, subject to their obtaining a license.

Electronic payment systems in Russia

Let's look at the most popular domestic systems and give answers to questions about how to buy and how to cash out electronic money in each of them.

The most major operators are “Yandex.Money” and “WebMoney”, in total their share exceeds 80% of the market, but there are also “PayPal”, and “Moneybookers”, and “Qiwi”….

"WebMoney"

"WebMoney", positioning itself as an "international payment system", was founded in 1998. Its owner is WM Transfer Ltd. It is registered in London, but technical services and the Main Certification Center are located in Moscow.

Transactions are carried out with electronic equivalents of a number of currencies.

For each of them, the guarantor is legal entities registered in various countries: Russia, Ukraine, Switzerland, UAE, Ireland and Belarus.

For work, the electronic wallet “WebMoney Keeper” is used, which can be downloaded from the company’s website. There are also instructions for its installation, registration and use. The program allows you to operate in equivalents of US dollars (WMZ), Russian rubles (WMR), euros (WME), Belarusian rubles (WMB) and Ukrainian hryvnia (WMU). The circulation of gold is provided, the unit of measurement of which is 1 electron gram (WMG).

To carry out operations, you need to register in the system and obtain a participant certificate, of which there are 12 types.

More high level The certificate provides great opportunities in work.

When making transactions, the payer is charged a commission in the amount of 0.8% of the transfer amount. It is possible to use various types payment protection. All controversial issues are resolved by Arbitration.

Here are the ways to deposit electronic money into a wallet:

• bank, postal or telegraphic transfer;
• through the Western Union system;
• purchasing a prepaid card;
• by depositing cash at exchange offices;
• through electronic terminals;
• from electronic wallets of other system participants.

All of the above methods involve the payment of commissions. It is least profitable to deposit money through terminals and buy prepaid cards.

How to cash out electronic money in the WebMoney system? You can use the following methods:

• transfer to a bank account from your electronic wallet;
• using the services of an exchange office;
• through the Western Union system.

There are virtual points where automatic mode it is possible to exchange one electronic currency for another at a specified rate, although the system does not formally take part in this.

Since 2009, the use of WebMoney has been prohibited by law in Germany. This prohibition also applies to individuals.

"Yandex money"

The system has been operating since 2002. It provides settlements between participants in Russian rubles. The owner of the system, Yandex.Money LLC, sold 75% of the shares to Sberbank of Russia in December 2012.

Two types of accounts are used:

• "Yandex.Wallet", which is accessible via a web interface;
• "Internet. “Wallet” is an account with which transactions are carried out using special program. Its development was stopped in 2011.

Currently, new users can only open Yandex. Wallet."

Yandex.Money users can pay for housing and communal services, pay for fuel at gas stations, and make purchases in online stores.

The advantage of Yandex.Money is the absence of commissions for most purchases and account replenishment. For transactions within the system it is 0.5%, and for withdrawals – 3%. Yandex.Money partners, when accepting payments and withdrawing funds, can set commissions at their own discretion.

Significant disadvantages are the inability to conduct business activities through the system and strict limits on the amount of payments.

You can top up Yandex.Wallet in several ways:

• converting electronic money of other systems;
• by bank transfers;
• through payment terminals;
• depositing cash at points of sale;
• through the Unistream and Contact systems;
• from a prepaid card (cards have now been discontinued, but activation of previously purchased ones is possible).

You can cash out the electronic money system in this way:

• transfer to a card or bank account;
• receiving from a Yandex.Money card at an ATM;
• through the transfer system.

The main share of the electronic money circulation market in Russia falls on WebMoney and Yandex.Money; the role of other systems is much less significant. Therefore, we will consider only their characteristic features.

"PayPal"

"PayPal" is the world's largest electronic payment system, created in 1998 in the USA and has more than 160 million users. It allows you to receive and send transfers, pay bills and purchases.

For Russian participants Accepting payments became possible only in October 2011, and withdrawals of funds have so far been carried out only to American banks. These circumstances significantly reduce the popularity of the system among domestic users.

The planned conclusion of an agreement between PayPal and Russian Post may improve the situation, but this is a matter of long-term prospects.