You can use a radio to pass the time on the road. Typically, drivers prefer to listen to music that is unobtrusive, so that it plays in the background and does not interfere with steering. An autoradio is most suitable for this, which first needs to be configured. But many people don’t know how to properly set up the radio on their car stereo.
Basically, setting up the radio consists of several simple steps. The broadcast range is selected and radio channels are searched and stored in the tuner’s memory. The search for radio stations occurs either automatically or manual mode. In the first case, radio channels are stored in descending order of broadcast quality.
Let's take a closer look at how to configure the radio on common car radios.
Pioneer
If you are wondering how to tune the radio to Pioneer radio, don't worry, setup is very easy. At automatic configuration Pioneer presses FUNC, followed by BSM. To start searching for radio channels, press the right or up button; after finishing, the music of the first radio station found will turn on.
For manual installation In BAND mode, press >>| for a long time. A search will be launched for any first station within this radius. After which the device will stop scanning and start playing the found station. Then you will need to save it; to do this, hold the key with the desired number for a long time. If you do not need the found station, you need to press the right key and hold it. Scanning will continue until a new station is found.
With this function, you can store up to 6 stations in the first bank. After this manipulation, press the BAND button and get into the second bank, it is shown on the display as F2. In the second bank, you can similarly store up to 6 stations in memory, and there is also a third bank. Most often there are three banks, but there are more. As a result, if you have three banks, you will have 18 stations active and saved. Now you know how to set up the radio on your Pioneer radio.
Sony
Setting up the radio in the Sony radio will also not be a problem. Searching for stations is usually carried out in two common ways: manually or automatically. Automatic memorization of radio stations:
- Turn on the radio. Long press the Source button and wait until TUNER appears on the display.
- The range is changed by pressing the Mode button. If you press the joystick, a menu of options will appear.
- Rotate the joystick until the VTM option appears. Radio channels are assigned to numbered keys as standard.
To manually scan and save you need:
- Turn on the radio and start searching for stations.
- Once the desired radio station has been found, you need to press the number key from 1 to 6, after which the name “Mem” will appear. Note: when saving a radio station on a digital number that already has a radio station, the previous one is automatically erased.
Thus, you can set up a radio in a Sony radio in 5-10 minutes.
Supra
After pressing the MODE button, select the Radio function, then RADIO and the saved band with the broadcast frequency will be displayed on the screen. Pressing BND selects the desired broadcast band.
Press and hold the >>|| button.
Then click the button >>|| to select the desired station. If these keys are not pressed for up to ten seconds, everything will return to its original operating mode.
Setting in automatic mode and scanning of selected radio stations
Search for existing radio stations in memory:
Briefly press the AS/PS key to start searching for saved radio channels. Any station can be listened to for about a couple of seconds. To automatically save radio channels, hold down the AS/PS key. The receiver will tune in to six optimal stations, which are the most powerful in this broadcast range. This option can be used in any wavelength range. Once the automatic saving of stations is completed, the receiver will stop scanning them.
To tune into a specific radio station, press the >>|| button, this will scan and select radio channels with the best reception signal. By pressing the >>|| button, you can manually select the station you want. Hold down the key numbered 1 to 6 for about a couple of seconds to memorize the channel under the desired key.
J.V.S.
When tuning stations, it is possible to leave 30 FM radio channels and 15 AM channels in the tuner.
Installing stations manually:
- Select a broadcast band by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
- Click on button 4 to set the station.
- Hold down the key with any selected number on the panel to memorize the station in the radio's memory. The selected number will start blinking, after which you will see the station stored under the selected number. For example: To tune to station number 14, press the +10 key, followed by the 4 key for approximately three seconds or more.
- To store other radio stations in the device’s memory, you need to repeat steps one through three. And to change the settings of the entire station, you need to repeat the entire process from the beginning.
Tuning stations in automatic mode:
Stations will be given numbers by increasing the frequency range.
- Select the range by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
- Press and hold the AUTO PRESET button on the panel.
- To set a different range, you need to go through steps one through two again.
To replace selected stations in automatic mode, you must use manual installation.
Kenwood
Kenwood radios offer three types of autoradio settings: automatic (AUTO), local (LO.S.) and manual.
- Press SRC until “TUnE” appears.
- Press FM or AM to select a band.
For automatic setup, click >>| or |.
When manual settings After all the above steps, ST will light up, indicating the found station.
WinAmp. It is very convenient for listening to music files in mp3 format. But she still has one interesting feature- This is listening to radio stations. Of course, such functions will not surprise anyone; sometimes it is enough to go to the website of a popular radio station and listen to the Internet broadcast. But WinAmp offers users almost 9000 radio stations. And it doesn’t just offer, but sorts by style, direction, language and country.
How to set up a radio in WinAmp
To configure the radio correctly, you need to additionally install the WinAmp Library component for the WinAmp player. It is available for downloading from the Internet from the manufacturer's website. After downloading and installing the additional component, launch WinAmp. Let's start setting up the radio. Go to “Settings” and in the Online Media tab set the number of radio stations to listen to. By default, there are only 600 stations installed, but on the Internet their number is in the thousands. We set the value with a margin of 20 thousand. We exit the player and start searching for radio stations.
Select Internet Radio from the menu. Then in the window on the right we activate the Refresh button. The list of available radio stations will begin to download. From now on you can listen to radio stations.
To configure the radio correctly, you need to filter the list by style and direction. To do this, you can specify several types in the Genre menu - classical, rock, pop, jazz, etc., and you can also select countries. If the user’s list of priorities includes not only music, but also news, then you can activate filters by topic - politics, sports, regional news. In addition, there is a function to search for radio stations by name. Having selected the radio station you are interested in, activate playback either using the Play button, or double click mice. You can add your favorite radio stations to your “Favorites” list.
Using the WinAmp player, you can find many unexpected radio stations on the Internet. Foreign radio amateurs often broadcast “intercepted” police or air traffic control radio communications on the Internet. In a word, surveying radio broadcasts is just as entertaining as simply surfing the Internet. It will take several months of time and a substantial gigabyte of traffic to study radio stations.
Please note that WinAmp in radio mode consumes approximately 62 megabytes of Internet traffic per hour of listening. Radio stations transmit at 128 kbit/s, so owners of limited packages should take this fact into account.
Dear visitors!!!
If we compare outdated and modern models of radios, they of course have their differences both in design and in electrical circuits. But the basic principle radio signal reception- not changeable. For modern models of radios, only the design itself changes and minor changes are made to the electrical circuits.
As for tuning the radio receiver to the wave, receiving transmissions in the ranges for:
- long waves\LW\;
- medium waves \NE\,
- usually carried out using a magnetic antenna. In ranges:
— radio sound reception is received via a telescopic \outdoor\ antenna.
Figure 1 shows appearance and graphic designation of receiving antennas:
telescopic;
magnetic \antenna DV and SV\.
Reception by magnetic antenna
Figure No. 2 shows a visual representation of how radio waves bend around obstacles \for mountainous areas\. The radio shadow region is represented as a zone beyond the reach of radio waves by the receiver.
What is a magnetic antenna? — The magnetic antenna consists of a ferrite rod, and the magnetic antenna coils are wound on separate \isolated\ frames. The ferrite rod of a magnetic antenna for different radios has its own diameter and length. The winding data of the coils, accordingly, also have their own a certain amount of turns and its own inductance - for each of these magnetic antenna circuits.
As you understand, such concepts in radio engineering as each individual magnetic antenna circuit And magnetic antenna coil, - have the same meanings, that is, you can formulate your proposal in one way or another.
In radio receivers, a magnetic antenna for DV and SV is mounted in the upper part. In the photograph, the magnetic antenna looks like an oblong, cylindrical rod made of ferrite.
If each coil \circuit\ of a magnetic antenna has its own inductance, then it is designed to receive separate ranges of radio waves. For example, according to electrical diagram radio receiver You observe that the magnetic antenna consists of five separate circuits \L1, L2, L3, L4, L5\, two of which are necessary for the received range:
- DV \L2\;
- NE \L4\.
Other circuits L1 L3 L5 are communication coils, one of which, say L5, is connected to an external antenna. This explanation is not given specifically for each diagram, because the meaning of the designations in the diagrams may change, but it is given general concept about the magnetic antenna.
Reception-on telescopic antenna
telescopic radio antenna
Depending on the radio receiver circuit, the telescopic \whip antenna\ can be connected either to the input circuits of the long and medium wave ranges through a resistor and a coupling coil, or to the input circuits of the short wave range - through an isolating capacitor. From the taps of the coils of the DV, SV or HF circuits, the signal voltage is supplied to the input of the RF amplifier.
Winding data - antennas
The winding on the circuits is made with a single or double wire. Each circuit has its own inductance. The amount of loop inductance is measured in henry. To independently rewind a circuit, you need to know the winding data of this circuit. That is, you need to know:
- number of turns of wire;
- wire section.
All the necessary technical data for outdated models of radios could be found in reference books. At this time, there is no such literature for modern models of radios.
For example, for receivers:
- Mountaineer-405;
- Giala-404,
— the winding data of the coils coincided with each other. That is, let’s say the communication coil \and there are several of them - in the diagram\ with its designation, it could be replaced from one receiver circuit to another circuit.
A circuit malfunction is often associated with mechanical damage to the wire \accidentally touching the wire with a screwdriver and so on\. When repairing a circuit \rewinding it\, the number of turns of the old wire is usually taken into account and then the same number of turns are performed with a new wire, where its cross-section is also taken into account.
In this article, we have partially gained an understanding of sound reception by a radio receiver. Follow the section, it will be even more interesting further.
Once upon a time there was a Sony radio, when it was sold they said it was Japanese, the price made me believe it, and later I assured everyone that it came from there. Its objective dignity clear sound. True, there was a small nuance - the FM scale of the 88-108 MHz range, but at the store there was a magician who, for a “small share”, performed a miracle - he filled the scale with many Russian-speaking radio stations. Operated the radio according to full program, but remembering how much was paid for it, they did not throw it or at it. So it was not badly preserved, despite its very respectable age. But the radio broadcasting stations that she caught first diminished, and then there were none left at all.
There is a lot of information on the Internet about setting up sound-reproducing equipment, written competently and in detail. This is a blessing for students of radio engineering universities; they can easily be used instead of notes to prepare for exams, but this information will not help the owner of a sick radio; he is not in the business of increasing his intelligence, but of repairing the receiver. Or throw it away, it’s no longer a shame.
He opened the case and began to disassemble it into its component parts. There are no complaints about either the power supply, which turned out to be super primitive, which is at the bottom left, or the tape drive mechanism of the tape recorder, to the right of it. One produces its 12 V “on the mountain”, and the second regularly pulls the magnetic tape.
And here printed circuit board I wanted to understand a little. I checked everything for warm-up electrolytic capacitors on the actual presence of capacity and ESR. It's hard to believe, but everyone turned out to be completely fine. I unsoldered and disassembled the volume control - a variable resistor, for example, for revision. Once upon a time, a long time ago, he acted a little badly and was, through a medical syringe with a needle, awarded a portion of machine oil. Does it need a supplement? And there was so much oil in it that I could just put it on the frying pan, blot off the excess, and return it to its place. I washed the board on the side of the printed conductors with formic alcohol specially purchased at the pharmacy (they didn’t give anything else), and then, so that there was no white residue left from it, with hot water and shampoo. It turned out not bad, although this method is perceived by ear as a bit wild.
The wire contacts going to the speaker have been soldered. And around the circumference of the speaker I installed a rim - a flexible tube cut lengthwise from a medical dropper. This is so that the metal of the speaker does not rest on the plastic of the housing - it will definitely not worsen the sound characteristics.
And then, very opportunely, I remembered that the master who was modifying the radio tape recorder spoke about some kind of wire spirals. There were several of them on the board, all in the area of the variable capacitor. Partially assembled the device, turned it on, and at the desired range began to touch the copper wires wound in rings with a screwdriver. Two did not respond, and as soon as I touched the third, characteristic sound changes appeared in the dynamics. Found! Bottom one in the photo. I touched it well with tweezers, but it was dangling. I desoldered it, straightened it and wound it again, on a mandrel of a suitable diameter. Soldered it in place. The FM band came to life. At this point I finally got bolder and let’s move the coils with a screwdriver (increase and decrease the gap between them). In response to my actions, the location and number of stations on the scale began to change. But the most convenient for setting were two tweezers. He stretched and squeezed them like an accordion, only gently. See this action clearly in the video.
Video
As a result, I chose the combination of stations that suited me and had the optimal location on the scale. The only difficulty is to do everything slowly, otherwise, you know, you want everything faster. Good luck! The simplest option for a possible restoration repair - settings - was shared by Babay iz Barnaula.
1. DETERMINE HOW WE WILL REBUILD THE RECEIVER.So, using reasonable caution, we open the device. Let's see what the frequency setting knob is connected to. This could be a variometer (a metal thing, several centimeters long, usually two or one double, with longitudinal holes into which a pair of cores slides in or out.) This option has often been used before. For now I won’t write about it.() And it could be a plastic cube several centimeters in size (2...3). It contains several capacitors that change their capacity at our whim. (There is also a method of tuning with varicaps. In this case, the tuning control is very similar to the volume control. I have not come across such an option).
2. LET'S FIND A HETERODYNE COIL AND CAPACITORS CONNECTED TO IT.
So, you have KPE! Let's move on. We are looking for copper coils around it (yellow, brown spirals of several turns. Usually they are not even, but crumpled and toppled awry. And this is correct, this is how they are configured.). We can see one, two, three or more coils. Don't be alarmed. Everything is very simple. We turn on your device disassembled (don’t forget to connect a longer antenna) and tune it to any radio station (preferably not the loudest one). After this, we touch with a metal screwdriver or just a finger (contact is not necessary, just pass something near the coil. The reaction of the receiver will be different. The signal may become louder or interference may appear, but the coil that we are looking for will give the strongest effect. It will jump in front of us immediately several stations and reception will be completely disrupted. This means that this is what a LOTERODYNE coil is. The local oscillator frequency is determined by a circuit consisting of this very coil and capacitors connected in parallel to it. There are several of them - one of them is located in the control unit and is in charge of frequency tuning (we use it to catch different stations), the second is also located in the KPI cube, or rather on its surface. Two or four small screws on the back surface of the KPI (usually it faces us) are two or four trimming capacitors. One of them is used to adjust the local oscillator. Usually these capacitors consist of two plates that collide with each other when the screw rotates.When the top plate is exactly above the bottom, then capacity maximum. Touch these screws with a screwdriver. Move them back and forth a few (as little as possible) degrees. You can mark their starting position with a marker to insure against troubles. Which one affects the setting? Found it? We will need it in the near future.
3. LET'S DETERMINE AGAIN WHERE WE ARE REBUILDING AND ACTING.
What range does your receiver have and what is needed. Do we lower the frequency or increase it? To lower the frequency, it is enough to add 1...2 turns to the heterodyne coil. As a rule, it contains 5...10 turns. Take a piece of bare tinned wire (for example, a lead from some long-legged element) and install a small prosthesis. After this build-up, the coil needs to be adjusted. We turn on the receiver and catch some station. No stations? Nonsense, let's take a longer antenna and tweak the setting. Look, I caught something. What is this. You'll have to wait until they tell you or take another receiver and catch the same thing. Look how this station is located. At that end of the range. Need to move even lower? Easily. Let's move the coil turns closer together. Let's catch this station again. Good now? It just catches poorly (you need a long antenna). Right. Now let's find the antenna coil. She's somewhere nearby. Wires from the control unit must be suitable for it. Let's try, turning on the receiver, insert it into it or simply bring some ferrite core to it (you can take the DM choke by removing the winding from it). Has the reception volume increased? That's right, it's her. To reduce the frequency, it is necessary to increase the coil by 2...3 turns. A piece of stiff copper wire will do. You can simply replace the old coils with new ones containing 20% more turns. The turns of these coils should not lie tightly. By changing the stretch of the coil and bending it, we change the inductance. The tighter the coil is wound and the more turns it has, the higher its inductance and the operating range will be lower. Do not forget that the actual inductance of the circuit is higher than the inductance of a single coil, since it is added to the inductance of the conductors that make up the circuit.
For the best reception of a radio signal, it is necessary that the difference in the resonant frequencies of the heterodyne and antenna circuits be 10.7 MHz - this is the frequency of the intermediate frequency filter. This is called correct pairing of the input and local oscillator circuits. How to ensure it? Read on.
CONFIGURING (CONNECTING) INPUT AND HETERODYNE CIRCUITS.
FIGURE 1. High-frequency part of the VHF-FM radio receiver board. It can be clearly seen that the input circuit trimmer capacitor (CA-P) is set to the minimum capacitance position (unlike the heterodyne trimmer capacitor CG-P). The accuracy of installation of the rotors of the trimming capacitors is 10 degrees.
The local oscillator (LG) coil has a large gap in the winding, which reduces its inductance. This hole appeared during the setup process.
Another coil is visible at the top of the photo. This is the input antenna circuit. It is broadband and does not change lanes. The telescopic antenna is connected precisely to this circuit (via a transition capacitor). The purpose of this circuit is to remove gross interference at frequencies significantly lower than operating frequencies.
AND ONE MORE ACTION, SINCE WE ARE ALREADY HERE.
Tune to your favorite station, then shorten the antenna to the minimum when interference is already appearing and adjust the IF filter, which you look like a metal square with a purple circle (in the middle left of the photo). Fine tuning of this circuit is very important for clear and loud reception. The slot installation accuracy is 10 degrees.
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