intitle
|
Search in the page title. Text between tags <br></td>
<td width="214">intitle:”index of” - will find all pages with directory listings <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">ext <br></td>
<td width="214">Search for pages with a specified extension <br></td>
<td width="214">ext:pdf - finds all pdf files <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">filetype <br></td>
<td width="214">Currently, completely similar to class. the word “ext” <br></td>
<td width="214">filetype:pdf - similar <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">related <br></td>
<td width="214">Search for sites with similar topics <br></td>
<td width="214">related:google.ru - will show its analogues <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">link <br></td>
<td width="214">Search for sites that link to this <br></td>
<td width="214">link:somesite.ru - will find all sites that have a link to this <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">define <br></td>
<td width="214">Show word definition <br></td>
<td width="214">define:0day - definition of the term <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">cache <br></td>
<td width="214">Show page contents in cache (if present) <br></td>
<td width="214">cache:google.com - will open a cached page <br></td>
</tr></tbody></table><p>Table 2 - Special characters for Google queries <br></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="214"><b>Symbol</b><br></td>
<td width="214"><b>Meaning</b><br></td>
<td width="214"><b>Example</b><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">“<br></td>
<td width="214">Exact phrase <br></td>
<td width="214">intitle:“RouterOS router configuration page” - search for routers <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">*<br></td>
<td width="214">Any text <br></td>
<td width="214">inurl: “bitrix*mcart” - search for sites on bitrix with a vulnerable mcart module <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">.<br></td>
<td width="214">Any character <br></td>
<td width="214">Index.of - similar to the index of request <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-<br></td>
<td width="214">Delete a word <br></td>
<td width="214">error -warning - show all pages that have an error but no warning <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">..<br></td>
<td width="214">Range <br></td>
<td width="214">cve 2006..2016 - show vulnerabilities by year starting from 2006 <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">|<br></td>
<td width="214">Logical "or" <br></td>
<td width="214">linux | windows - show pages where either the first or second word appears <br></td>
</tr></tbody></table><br>It is worth understanding that any request to a search engine is a search only by words. <br>It is useless to look for meta-characters on the page (quotes, parentheses, punctuation marks, etc.). Even a search for the exact phrase specified in quotation marks is a word search, followed by a search for an exact match in the results. <p>All <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/news/finnish-intitle-vse-publikacii-polzovatelya-predydushchaya-kak-rabotaet/">Google dorks</a> Hack Database is logically divided into 14 categories and presented in Table 3. <br>Table 3 – Google Hack Database Categories <br></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="168"><b>Category</b><br></td>
<td width="190"><b>What allows you to find</b><br></td>
<td width="284"><b>Example</b><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Footholds <br></td>
<td width="190">Web shells, public file managers <br></td>
<td width="284">Find all hacked sites where the listed webshells are uploaded: <br>(intitle:"phpshell" OR intitle:"c99shell" OR intitle:"r57shell" OR intitle:"PHP Shell" OR intitle:"phpRemoteView") `rwx` "uname" <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Files containing usernames <br></td>
<td width="190">Registry files, configuration files, logs, files containing the history of entered commands <br></td>
<td width="284">Find all registry files containing account information: <br><i>filetype:reg reg +intext:“internet account manager”</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Sensitive Directories <br></td>
<td width="190">Directories with various information (personal documents, vpn configs, hidden repositories, etc.) <br></td>
<td width="284">Find all directory listings containing VPN-related files: <br><i>"Config" intitle:"Index of" intext:vpn</i><br>Sites containing git repositories: <br><i>(intext:"index of /.git") ("parent directory")</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Web Server Detection <br></td>
<td width="190">Version and other information about the web server <br></td>
<td width="284">Find JBoss server administrative consoles: <br><i>inurl:"/web-console/" intitle:"Administration Console"</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Vulnerable Files <br></td>
<td width="190">Scripts containing known vulnerabilities <br></td>
<td width="284">Find sites that use a script that allows you to upload an arbitrary file from the server: <br><i>allinurl:forcedownload.php?file=</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Vulnerable Servers <br></td>
<td width="190">Installation scripts, web shells, open administrative consoles, etc. <br></td>
<td width="284">Find open PHPMyAdmin consoles running as root: <br><i>intitle:phpMyAdmin "Welcome to phpMyAdmin ***" "running on * as root@*"</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Error Messages <br></td>
<td width="190">Various errors and warnings often reveal important information - from CMS version to passwords <br></td>
<td width="284">Sites that have errors in executing SQL queries to the database: <br><i>"Warning: mysql_query()" "invalid query"</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Files containing juicy info <br></td>
<td width="190">Certificates, backups, emails, logs, SQL scripts, etc. <br></td>
<td width="284">Find initialization sql scripts: <br><i>filetype:sql and " <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/news/sql-insert-sintaksis-transact-sql---vstavka-dannyh-sql-zapros-insert-into---sintaksis/">insert into</a>» -site:github.com</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Files containing passwords <br></td>
<td width="190">Anything that can contain passwords - logs, sql scripts, etc. <br></td>
<td width="284">Logs mentioning passwords: <br><i>filetype:</i><i>log</i><i>intext:</i><i>password |</i><i>pass |</i><i>pw</i><br>sql scripts containing passwords: <br><i>ext:</i><i>sql</i><i>intext:</i><i>username</i><i>intext:</i><i>password</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Sensitive Online Shopping Info <br></td>
<td width="190">Information related to online purchases <br></td>
<td width="284">Find pincodes: <br><i>dcid=</i><i>bn=</i><i>pin</i><i>code=</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Network or vulnerability data <br></td>
<td width="190">Information not directly related to the web resource, but affecting the network or other non-web services <br></td>
<td width="284">Find scripts <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/reviews/programma-dlya-retushi-fotografii-besplatnaya-retush-portretnyh/">automatic settings</a> proxies containing information about the internal network: <br><i>inurl:proxy | inurl:wpad ext:pac | ext:dat findproxyforurl</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Pages containing login portals <br></td>
<td width="190">Pages containing login forms <br></td>
<td width="284">saplogon web pages: <br><i>intext:"2016 SAP AG. All rights reserved." intitle:"Logon"</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Various Online Devices <br></td>
<td width="190">Printers, routers, monitoring systems, etc. <br></td>
<td width="284">Find the printer configuration panel: <br><i>intitle:"</i><i>hp</i><i>laserjet"</i><i>inurl:</i><i>SSI/</i><i>Auth/</i><i>set_</i><i>config_</i><i>deviceinfo.</i><i>htm</i><br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="168">Advisories and Vulnerabilities <br></td>
<td width="190">Websites on vulnerable CMS versions <br></td>
<td width="284">Find vulnerable plugins through which you can upload an arbitrary file to the server: <br><i>inurl:fckeditor -intext:"ConfigIsEnabled = False" intext:ConfigIsEnabled</i><br></td>
</tr></tbody></table><br>Dorks are more often focused on searching across all Internet sites. But nothing prevents you from limiting the search scope on any site or sites. <br>Each Google query can be focused on a specific site by adding the keyword “site:somesite.com” to the query. This keyword can be added to any dork. <p><b>Automating the search for vulnerabilities</b><br>This is how the idea was born to write a simple utility that automates the search for vulnerabilities using <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/news/chto-soderzhit-lyubaya-poiskovaya-sistema-poiskovye-sistemy-sostav-funkcii/">search engine</a>(google) and based on the Google Hack Database.</p><p>The utility is a script written in nodejs using phantomjs. To be precise, the script is interpreted by phantomjs itself. <br>Phantomjs is a full web browser without <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/interfeis-kotoryi-realizuetsya-operacionnoi-sistemoi-graficheskii-interfeis/">GUI</a>, controlled using js code and having a convenient API. <br>The utility received a quite understandable name - dorks. By launching it in <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/reviews/komandnaya-stroka-v-rezhime-administratora-kak-otkryt-komandnuyu/">command line</a>(without options) we get a short help with several examples of use: <br><br><img src='https://i2.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/edd/6fb/ccc/edd6fbccc5ec340abe750f3073c1b427.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 1 - List of main dorks options</p><p>The general syntax of the utility is: dork “command” “option list”. <br>A detailed description of all options is presented in Table 4.</p><p>Table 4 - Dorks syntax <br></p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td width="214"><b>Team</b><br></td>
<td width="214"><b>Option</b><br></td>
<td width="214"><b>Description</b><br></td>
</tr><tr><td rowspan="4" width="214">ghdb <br></td>
<td width="214">-l <br></td>
<td width="214">Print a numbered list of dork categories Google Hack Database <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-c “category number or name” <br></td>
<td width="214">Load doors of the specified category by number or name <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-q "phrase" <br></td>
<td width="214">Download dorks found by request <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-o "file" <br></td>
<td width="214">Save the result to a file (only with -c|-q options) <br></td>
</tr><tr><td rowspan="8" width="214">google <br></td>
<td width="214">-d "dork" <br></td>
<td width="214">Set an arbitrary dork (the option can be used many times, combination with the -D option is allowed) <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-D "file" <br></td>
<td width="214">Use dorks from file <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-s "site" <br></td>
<td width="214">Set site (option can be used many times, combination with option -S is allowed) <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-S "file" <br></td>
<td width="214">Use sites from a file (dorks will be searched for each site independently) <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-f "filter" <br></td>
<td width="214">Set additional keywords (will be added to each dork) <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-t "number of ms" <br></td>
<td width="214">Interval between requests to google <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-T "number of ms" <br></td>
<td width="214">Timeout if a captcha is encountered <br></td>
</tr><tr><td width="214">-o "file" <br></td>
<td width="214">Save the result to a file (only those tracks for which something was found will be saved) <br></td>
</tr></tbody></table><br>Using the ghdb command, you can get all the dorks from exploit-db by arbitrary request, or specify the entire category. If you specify category 0, the entire database will be unloaded (about 4.5 thousand dorks). <p>List of categories available on <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/reviews/kto-podklyuchen-k-wi-fi-smotrim-skolko-ustroistv-podklyucheno-k-wifi-routeru-v/">this moment</a> presented in Figure 2. <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/b8f/b11/ffe/b8fb11ffeaced5066fd2fd9e43be67fb.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Figure 2 - List of available GHDB dork categories</p><p>The google team will substitute each dork into the google search engine and analyze the result for matches. The paths where something was found will be saved to a file. <br>The utility supports different search modes: <br>1 dork and 1 site; <br>1 dork and many sites; <br>1 site and many dorks; <br>many sites and many dorks; <br>The list of dorks and sites can be specified either through an argument or through a file.</p><p><b>Demonstration of work</b><br>Let's try to look for any vulnerabilities using the example of searching for error messages. By command: dorks ghdb –c 7 –o errors.dorks all known dorks of the “Error Messages” category will be loaded as shown in Figure 3. <br><br><img src='https://i1.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/28c/386/641/28c386641d1528652f7f8e8b8089097a.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 3 – Loading all known dorks of the “Error Messages” category</p><p>Dorks are downloaded and saved to a file. Now all that remains is to “set” them on some site (see Figure 4). <br><br><img src='https://i2.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/8e0/a8a/3af/8e0a8a3af4f26544da1faa584813dbff.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 4 – Search for vulnerabilities of the site of interest in the Google cache</p><p>After some time, several pages containing errors are discovered on the site under study (see Figure 5).</p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/10b/e83/ba3/10be83ba38f172213ba06b3f9ad05a58.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 5 – Error messages found</p><p>The result, in the file result.txt we get <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/ipod/kody-na-gta-vai-siti-beskonechnye-zhizni-gta-vice-sity-chit-kody-polnyi-spisok-kody/">full list</a> dorks that lead to an error. <br>Figure 6 shows the result of searching for site errors. <br><br>Figure 6 – Error search result</p><p>In the cache for this dork, a complete backtrace is displayed, revealing the absolute paths of the scripts, the site content management system and the database type (see Figure 7). <br><br><img src='https://i2.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/0a9/455/588/0a9455588496d6609f5e13d598cb5a48.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 7 – disclosure of information about the site design</p><p>However, it is worth considering that not all dorks from GHDB give true results. Also, Google may not find an exact match and show a similar result.</p><p>In this case, it is wiser to use your personal list of dorks. For example, it is always worth looking for files with “unusual” extensions, examples of which are shown in Figure 8. <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/d7f/865/693/d7f865693f7fcf13137598eeed0ecb58.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 8 – List of file extensions that are not typical for a regular web resource</p><p>As a result, using the command dorks google –D extensions.txt –f bank, from the very first <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/yandeks-ty-menya-lyubish-ili-net-gugl-durak-i-drugie-provokacionnye-zaprosy/">google query</a> starts returning sites with “unusual” file extensions (see Figure 9). <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/107/e1f/a2f/107e1fa2f41c4169bcc254cba2f2f4b6.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 9 – Search for “bad” file types on banking websites</p><p>It is worth keeping in mind that Google does not accept queries longer than 32 words.</p><p>Using the command dorks google –d intext:”error|warning|notice|syntax” –f university <br>You can look for PHP interpreter errors on educational websites (see Figure 10). <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/717/74f/e36/71774fe3656bfc058c42d43262fdec4a.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 10 – Finding PHP runtime errors</p><p>Sometimes it is not convenient to use one or two categories of dorks. <br>For example, if it is known that the site runs on the Wordpress engine, then we need WordPress-specific modules. In this case, it is convenient to use the Google Hack Database search. The command dorks ghdb –q wordpress –o wordpress_dorks.txt will download all dorks from Wordpress, as shown in Figure 11: <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/dcb/ac9/a4e/dcbac9a4eb12f6ec775d9cccc2fdee87.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 11 – Search for Dorks related to Wordpress</p><p>Let's go back to the banks again and use the command dorks google –D wordpress_dords.txt –f bank to try to find something interesting related to Wordpress (see Figure 12). <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/042/0c2/c43/0420c2c435931704288b171f725ccc6a.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 12 – Search for Wordpress vulnerabilities</p><p>It is worth noting that the search on Google Hack Database does not accept words shorter than 4 characters. For example, if the site's CMS is not known, but the language is known - PHP. In this case, you can filter what you need manually using a pipe and <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/izmenenie-sistemnyh-parametrov-ispolzuem-utilitu-vosstanovleniya-sistemy/">system utility</a> search dorks –c all | findstr /I php > php_dorks.txt (see Figure 13): <br><br><img src='https://i0.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/4c1/2f8/6e1/4c12f86e111074293c14d6a939c6ebab.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 13 – Search all dorks where PHP is mentioned</p><p>Searching for vulnerabilities or some sensitive information in a search engine should only be done if there is a significant index on this site. For example, if a site has 10-15 pages indexed, then it’s stupid to search for anything in this way. Checking the index size is easy - just enter “site:somesite.com” into the Google search bar. An example of a site with an insufficient index is shown in Figure 14. <br><br><img src='https://i2.wp.com/habrastorage.org/getpro/habr/post_images/78e/1db/b4f/78e1dbb4fc78cd422cec311fc2ca9d33.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy><br>Figure 14 – Checking the site index size</p><p>Now about the unpleasant... From time to time Google may request a captcha - there is nothing you can do about it - you will have to enter it. For example, when searching through the “Error Messages” category (90 dorks), the captcha appeared only once.</p><p>It’s worth adding that phantomjs also supports working through a proxy, both via http and socks interface. To enable proxy mode, you need to uncomment the corresponding line in dorks.bat or dorks.sh.</p><p>The tool is available as source code</p>
<p>This article will be primarily useful to beginner optimizers, because more advanced ones should already know everything about them. In order to use <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/reviews/chto-znachit-zashifrovat-ustroistvo-na-samsung-android-i-shifrovanie-dannyh-o/">this article</a> with maximum efficiency, it is advisable to know exactly which words need to be raised to the right positions. If you are not yet sure of the list of words, or use the keyword suggestion service, it is a little confusing, but you can figure it out.</p>
<p>Important! Rest assured, Google understands perfectly well that ordinary users will not use them and only promotion specialists will resort to their help. Therefore, Google may slightly distort the information provided</p>
<h2>Intitle operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> intitle:word <br><b>Example:</b> intitle:site promotion <br><b>Description:</b> When using this operator, you will receive a list of pages whose title contains the word you are interested in, in our case this is the phrase “site promotion” in its entirety. Please note that there should not be a space after the colon. The page title has <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/megapiksel---chto-eto-takoe-i-skolko-ih-dolzhno-byt-megapikseli-v-kamerah-imeyut/">important</a> when ranking, so take your headlines seriously. By using this variable, you can estimate the approximate number of competitors who also want to be in the leading positions for this word.</p>
<h2>Inurl operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> inurl:phrase <br><b>Example:</b> inurl:calculating the cost of search engine optimization <br><b>Description:</b> This command shows sites or pages that have the original keyword in their URL. Please note that there should not be a space after the colon.</p>
<h2>Inanchor operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> inanchor:phrase <br><b>Example:</b> inanchor:seo books <br><b>Description:</b> Using this operator will help you see pages that are linked to using <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/kak-sdelat-bolshe-klyuchei-v-direkte-operatory-klyuchevyh/">keyword</a>. This is a very important command, but unfortunately search engines are reluctant to share this information with SEOs for obvious reasons. There are services, Linkscape and Majestic SEO, that will provide you with this information for a fee, but rest assured, the information is worth it.</p>
<p>Also, it is worth remembering that now Google is paying more and more attention to the “trust” of the site and less and less to the link mass. Of course, links are still one of the most important factors, but “trust” is playing an increasingly significant role.</p>
<p>A combination of two variables gives good results, for example intitle: promotion inanchor: site promotion. And what do we see, the search engine will show us the main competitors, whose page title contains the word “promotion” and incoming links with the anchor “site promotion”.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, this combination does not allow you to find out the “trust” of the domain, which, as we have already said, is a very important factor. For example, many older corporate sites do not have as many links as their younger competitors, but they do have a lot of old links, which pull these sites to the top of the search results.</p>
<h2>Site operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> site:site address <br><b>Example:</b> site:www.aweb.com.ua <br><b>Description:</b> With this command you can see a list of pages that are indexed by the search engine and that it knows about. It is mainly used to find out about competitors' pages and analyze them.</p>
<h2>Cache operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> cache:page address <br><b>Example:</b> cache:www.aweb.com.ua <br><b>Description:</b> This command shows a “snapshot” of the page from the moment the robot last visited the site and in general how it sees the contents of the page. By checking the page cache date, you can determine how often robots visit the site. The more authoritative the site, the more often robots visit it and, accordingly, the less authoritative (according to Google) the site, the less often robots take pictures of the page.</p>
<p>Cache is very important when buying links. The closer the page cache date is to the link purchase date, the faster your link will be indexed by the Google search engine. Sometimes it was possible to find pages with a cache age of 3 months. By purchasing a link on such a site, you will only waste your money, because it is quite possible that the link will never be indexed.</p>
<h2>Link operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> link:url <br><b>Example:</b> link:www.aweb.com.ua <br><b>Description:</b> Link operator: Finds and displays pages that link to the specified url. It could be like <a href="https://gamevid.ru/en/repair/gotovyi-kod-html-dlya-glavnoi-stranicy-traktovka-russkogo-yazyka-kak/">home page</a> website and internal.</p>
<h2>Related operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> related:url <br><b>Example:</b> related:www.aweb.com.ua <br><b>Description:</b> Related operator: Returns pages that the search engine thinks are similar to the specified page. For a person, all the pages received may not have anything similar, but for a search engine this is so.</p>
<h2>Operator Info:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> info:url <br><b>Example:</b> info:www.aweb.com.ua <br><b>Description:</b> When using this operator, we will be able to obtain information about the page that is known to the search engine. This could be the author, publication date, and much more. Additionally, on the search page, Google offers several actions that it can do with this page. Or, to put it simply, it will suggest using some of the operators that we described above.</p>
<h2>Allintitle operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> allintitle:phrase <br><b>Example:</b> allintitle:aweb promotion <br><b>Description:</b> If we start a search query with this word, we will get a list of pages that have the entire phrase in the title. For example, if we try to search for the word allintitle:aweb promotion, we will get a list of pages whose title mentions both of these words. And they don’t necessarily have to go one after another; they can be located in different places in the header.</p>
<h2>Allintext operator:</h2>
<p><b>Usage:</b> allintext:word <br><b>Example:</b> allintext:optimization <br><b>Description:</b> This operator searches for all pages that have the specified word in their body text. If we try to use allintext: aweb optimization, we will see a list of pages in the text of which these words appear. That is, not the entire phrase “aweb optimization”, but both words “optimization” and “aweb”.</p>
<p><b>Editorial:</b></p><p><b><span>The top management which is given a new direction to BSNL is leaving. BSNL will ever remember their contributions.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>BSNL will be in the hands of a new team with many challenges: immediate capital infusion, restructuring of the organization and to make real, honest, unrelenting and serious efforts to ensure massive revenue generation.</span>
</b><b>We wish them good luck.</b></p><p><b><span>The team of Shri Anupm Shrivastava, present CMD and the Ex Board of Directors Shri N. K. Gupta, Shri R K Mittal, Shri N K Mehta and Smt Sujata T Ray were instrumental in bringing BSNL back into revival path. They were very successful in that, till the entry of Reliance Jio by making BSNL operational profit for 3 consecutive years 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. Even after that, even with a hostile DoT which is not willing to provide any assistance to BSNL, BSNL could sustain till today to a great extend. Comparing to other operators, BSNL market share and revenue, continues to be better.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>It may be recollected that they were taken charge almost in a similar situation as on today, losses increased every year, cash flow issue, all the tenders were failing, all the expansion plans in mobile, transmission etc failing and EB business shrinking due to non expansion of MPLS / MLLN network.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>The following decision taken by that team of Directors really changed BSNL:</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>a) Massive expansion in the mobile network, MPLS network, transmission network, deployment of NGN etc.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>b) Getting refund of about 15,000 crores from DoT to BSNL in the form of excess payment of Income Tax and BWA spectrum refund between 2015-2018.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>c) Competitive Tariffs and market intervention to compete with other operators.</span>
</b></p><p><b>d) Night free calls.</b></p><p><b>e) Free roaming.</b></p><p><b><span>f) Revaluation of the assets and making BSNL, a company having more than 1 lakh Crores asset.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>g) Visibility in the electronic/ print media and the market.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>h) The experiment of providing 4G services with 3G spectrum.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>However the major initiatives taken in the HR front, E2/E3 pay scales, CPSU Cadre Hierarchy implementation and 3rd PRC etc, did not succeed at all.</span>
</b><b><span>Only on Superannuation benefits, management could succeed by extending 5% contribution.</span>
</b><b><span>BSNL Executives will never forget the record number of promotion orders, more than 13,000, issued in June, 2018 even by upgrade of thousand of posts.</span>
</b><b><span>Management miserably failed in bringing HR reforms and restructuring of the organization which played a very important role in making BSNL an incipient sick company. Somehow the management could not understand the huge significance and role of the huge work force in the organization.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>For the new team of top management the challenges are many. First of all to make DoT sensitive towards BSNL. With the new Telecom Minister, it may become easier. Infusion of working capital for BSNL is the major challenge. The immediate requirement as on today is Rs 6000 Cr to meet the expenditure on OPEX and CAPEX. BSNL cannot wait for the implementation of the revival plan as it may take minimum 6 months to generate revenue for BSNL.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>Secondly the massive HR reforms required in BSNL. This is an organization having huge work force and its role and importance in the revival of BSNL should be recognized first. The redeployment of the employees, according to the business requirements cannot be delayed further. The mistakes of earlier management should not be repeated by the new team of management.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>Finally to get the best out of the employees, they have to be highly motivated. Their contribution towards revival of BSNL is to be recognized first. Employees commitment, dedication and readiness to take the challenges in the field units by coming out of the office rooms, voluntarily working a few extra hours, every day, mean business.</span>
</b></p><p><b><span>The top Management should not delay the initiatives in this regard. We wish them all the success.</span>
</b></p>
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