Remote controller remote control
Remote control(RC, remote control; RCU, English. remote control unit) - an electronic device for remote (remote) control of another electronic device on distance. They exist in both autonomous and (much less frequently) non-autonomous (wired) versions. Structurally, the remote control is usually a small box containing electronic circuit, control buttons and (often) .
Remote control panels are used for remote control of both mobile objects (for example, UAVs), and devices and mechanisms on mobile objects (airplanes, spaceships, ships, etc.), as well as control of production processes, communication systems, and high-risk equipment.
Widely used for remote control of household electronic equipment (TVs, music centers, air conditioners, and other audio-video equipment).
Various remote controls for household appliances
One of the earliest examples of remote control devices was invented by Nikola Tesla in 1898. Menchanism was patented and described in Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles. In 1898, at an electrical exhibition in Madison Square Garden, he demonstrated to the public a radio-controlled boat called a teleautomatic.
The first remote control for controlling a television was developed by Eugene Polley, an employee of an American company Zenith Radio Corporation in the early 1950s. It was connected to the TV with a cable. In 1955, the wireless remote control was developed Flashmatic, based on sending a beam of light in the direction of a photocell. Unfortunately, the photocell could not distinguish the light from the remote control from light from other sources. In addition, it was necessary to point the remote control precisely at the receiver.
Remote control Zenith Space Commander 600
In space technology
- Remote control technology has also been used in space exploration. The Soviet Lunokhod was remotely controlled from Earth. Direct remote control of spacecraft over greater distances is impractical due to increasing signal delay.
- To control the equipment and engines of the spacecraft, there are remote controls in the cosmonaut cabin
In communication technology
Repeaters, radio beacons, as well as communication radio stations, radars and other systems can be remotely controlled
In security and access systems
Gates and barriers are often controlled from premises using remote controls; also, using the remote control, you can control external and internal lighting, CCTV cameras, etc.
In simulation
In computer technology
Some models of multimedia laptops from (Pavilion series) include a proprietary remote control (in the ExpressCard /54 form factor). Also, many laptops can be controlled via Bluetooth using some models mobile phones Sony Ericsson (K700, K800, etc.) and smartphones.
In photo and video technology
Some mechanical cameras, in order to reduce movement, have a cable release, which can also be interpreted as a remote control.
Electronic cameras use a wired or wireless remote control for the same purpose. In addition to releasing the shutter, the remote controls allow you to control the zoom (if it is controlled by a motor) and make some other settings.
In lighting technology
Remote control is widely used in lighting design and decoration (cinemas, theaters, circuses) and, in some cases, in providing public events in the open air.
In military affairs
On railway transport and in the metro
Remote control panels are used to control train equipment, track equipment, station equipment (escalator, lighting, etc.)
By water transport
A significant part of ship equipment is controlled using a remote control.
In industrial production and construction
Some types of production and construction equipment can be controlled using a remote control.
In the electric power industry
In the electric power industry, remote control systems are used to control power system facilities and manage energy consumption.
In laboratory equipment
Some types of laboratory equipment are controlled using a remote control.
Remote control for household equipment
Universal remote Harmony 670
The remote control for consumer electronics equipment is usually a small, battery-powered device with buttons that sends commands via infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.75-1.4 microns. This light is invisible to the human eye, but is recognized by the receiver of the receiving device. Most remote controls use one specialized chip, either packaged or unpackaged (placed directly on the printed circuit board and filled with compound to prevent damage).
Previously, only the basic functions of the device were carried out on the remote control (switching channels, volume control, etc.), now most samples of modern consumer electronics have a limited set of controls on the body itself and a full set of them on the remote control.
For the first remote controls, to transmit one function or command (single-channel remote control, with one button), the presence/absence of the transmitted signal itself was sufficient. But even then only if it was transmitted through an interference-proof channel (for example, a wire), otherwise external interference (rays of the Sun, etc.) led to a false alarm. The first wireless remote controls used an ultrasonic communication channel.
For remote controls with several functions, a more complex system is required - frequency modulation of the carrier signal (it is also used to create noise immunity of the channel) and encoding of transmitted commands. Currently used for this digital processing- the transmitter chip (in the remote control) modulates and encodes the transmitted signal, and it is demodulated and decoded in the receiver. After demodulating the received signal, appropriate frequency filters are applied to separate the signals.
To read the code of a pressed button, the method of scanning the lines of the button matrix is usually used (a similar method is used in computer keyboards), but in remote controls household appliances using continuous scanning would require energy consumption and the batteries would run out quickly. Therefore, in standby mode, all scan lines are set to the same state and the remote control processor is put into “sleep” mode, turning off the clock generator and consuming virtually no energy. When you press any button on the input scan lines, the logical level changes, which causes the processor to “wake up” and start the clock generator. After which a full cycle of scanning the keyboard is launched to determine the button that caused the waking up. The "one button - one line" method is not usually used due to the large number of buttons on modern remote controls. After determining the pressed button, the remote control generates a package containing the remote control code and the button code.
Household remote controls do not have feedback, which means that the remote control cannot determine whether the signal has reached the receiver or not. Therefore, the signal corresponding to the pressed button is transmitted continuously until the button is released. When the button is released, the remote control returns to the standby state.
On the receiving side (for example, on a TV), data is received: the remote control code is checked, and if this code matches the specified one, the command corresponding to the button pressed is executed. The transmitter and receiver (remote control and device) must use the same coding methods And modulation frequency transmitted data, otherwise the receiver will be unable to receive and process the data sent to it.
Modulation
Typically, remote controls use one carrier modulation frequency (that is, the frequency of the IR LED radiation) - both the remote control and the receiver are tuned to it. Modulation frequencies are usually standard - 36 kHz, 38 kHz, 40 kHz (Panasonic, Sony). Frequencies of 56 kHz (Sharp) are considered rare. Bang & Olufsen uses 455 kHz, which is very rare. Using a receiver with a modulation frequency that does not exactly match the frequency of the transmitter does not mean that it will not receive - reception will remain, but its sensitivity may drop greatly.
The signal is transmitted by IR LED radiation with the appropriate modulation frequency. For frequencies from 30 to 50 kHz, LEDs with a wavelength of 950 nm are usually used, and for 455 kHz, special LEDs with a wavelength of 870 nm are used (for this wavelength and high frequency specialized receivers TSOP5700 and TSOP7000 are oriented towards modulation).
Several such modulated transmissions and blankings ( bursts of pulses) form coded parcel(see below). The IR signal receiver consists of several stages of amplifiers and a demodulator (frequency detector) and is sensitive to a signal up to −90 dB (most amateur radio circuits have a sensitivity of up to −60 dB). Also, almost all commercially produced IR receivers have an IR filter (dark red lens or plate). The IR receiver module itself has only three pins: Nutrition, Earth, Data output.
Example of photodetectors: TSOP1736 - configured at a frequency of 36 kHz, TSOP1738 - 38 kHz (manufacturer Vishay Telefunken), BRM1020 - 38 kHz.
To receive a signal from the remote control, there is also a demodulator without a built-in IR photodetector - a Sony CXA1511 microcircuit, in essence, a high-quality frequency detector that allows you to make a remote control, for example, using UV emitters, and not using IR LEDs.
Coding
To recognize many different remote control commands, encoding of transmitted data is used. Currently, the following two encoding schemes for transmitted data are mainly used:
- The first one was used in remote controls by Philips (protocols RC4 and RC5, so-called Manchester encoding): Transmission 0 was supplemented with a unit, and transmission 1 with a zero. That is, 001 is transmitted as 01 01 10. Accordingly, the message is read sequentially, and a modulated signal is broadcast only when a unit is encountered.
- The authorship of the second encoding scheme is attributed to Sony. First, “1” is always transmitted as a modulated signal, then “0” is a pause. The time size of one is always the same, and the time size of 0 is the encoded transmitted data. A long pause means the transmission of one, a short pause means the transmission of zero.
Before sending encoded data, the remote control always sends one or more synchronization messages so that the photodetector configures the receiving circuit (synchronizes with the remote control in sensitivity and phase).
If you lose your TV remote, you don’t have to worry about it. There are always universal remote controls on sale that, after a fairly simple procedure, can easily replace the original model. The process of connecting to the TV will take no more than 10-15 seconds. It is only important to know how to configure Universal remote.
Device structure
The design of the universal remote control is no different from the original models. Both types of devices have buttons for selecting channels, adjusting sound, setting a timer, and others.
Typically, both devices run on the same AA or AAA batteries. If you use one remote control for a large number of devices, then the batteries will have to be changed more often than in a conventional model.
From some features internal structure may depend on which devices can be controlled and how to configure the universal remote control. Gal LM p001, for example, has the ability quick connection to TV and SAT. Some other models do not have this feature.
Comparison of the original remote control with the universal one
There is no external difference between the two types of control devices. They differ only in the set of functions.
The first and main difference is that universal remote controls can be connected to a large number of devices and devices. They can be used simultaneously. For example, using one universal remote control you can turn on a TV, air conditioner, stereo system and any other electrical unit that allows remote control. The remote control will also allow you to control home theater functions, satellite dish and cable TV.
In addition, the cost of a universal remote control is lower than the original model, and the service life is usually longer.
For owners of older TV models, this universal device will be a lifesaver if the original controller is lost. Original remote controls for previous years' models are simply not produced.
Are they really universal?
Any remote control can be used with different models TVs, players and air conditioners. Of course, there are exceptions. For example, what should you do if you can’t set up a universal remote control? How can I check if it fits a given device model? First, you need to look at the list of compatible models in the instructions for the remote control itself. If there are no instructions regarding this, and the connection cannot be established, the problem may be in both the remote control and the TV.
The versatility of remote controls is determined by the fact that, unlike original devices, which can be configured to work with only one device, they can simultaneously work with different devices from various manufacturers. At the same time, they do not have to be reconfigured every time.
How to set up a universal remote control
To establish a connection between your TV or other device and the universal remote control, you need to follow these steps:
- Turn on the remote control and point it towards the device.
- Simultaneously press the OK or SET button (depending on the remote control model) and hold for 3-5 seconds.
- Enter the code corresponding to your device model.
- Then press the TV button to make sure it is connected.
If for some reason the remote control does not connect to the TV, you need to do these steps again. The device code may have been entered incorrectly.
There is another way to configure the Huayu universal remote control. To connect such a device, you can use auto search:
- Turn on the device you want to configure.
- Press the SET button and then POWER.
- Release the buttons simultaneously.
- Press again POWER button and let go.
- Check if the sound volume indication appears on the screen.
- Press the SET button twice in a row.
Not all models of universal remote controls support the function automatic search. It is also possible that the auto search function is not supported by the TV model itself. Therefore, for some cases, there is only one way to configure the LM P001 universal remote control - manually.
Some brands differ in function quick search. To connect in this way, you need to perform the following algorithm:
- Turn on the device you want to connect to.
- Press and hold the TV button for a while.
- Release the button when the power indicator lights up.
- Press and hold the MUTE button.
- When the connection occurs, release the button.
- It's easy to check the operation of the remote control - just change the channel or adjust the sound.
If none of the methods worked and the code specified in the instructions did not work, you can use the last method - sequentially searching through the code manually.
How to determine the TV code
Each device model has its own universal code, which allows you to connect a remote control to it. It comes in three, four and five characters.
For example, to find out how to set up a universal remote control for Samsung, you need to look at the code information in the instructions for your TV or air conditioner.
It is important to remember that you need to enter the code of the device being connected, and not the universal remote control.
Smartphones with universal remote control function
Some newer brands of phones allow you to use them as a universal remote control. As a rule, they can only be connected to TVs with the SMART TV function.
To set up a universal remote control on your smartphone, you will need to download a special application and follow the installation instructions that will light up on the screen. Using the program, you can interact not only with the TV, but also with other devices that allow remote control functions.
This useful feature Available for a limited number of smartphones and TV models. To use your phone as a remote control, both devices must have Wi-Fi module, infrared or Bluetooth connectivity.
Almost any smartphone can be used as a remote control, even if it doesn't have an IR sensor. To do this, you need to purchase such a sensor (for pennies) or make it yourself (even cheaper).
The sensor is an audio jack to which diodes are soldered that emit waves in the infrared range. It can be purchased ready-made on AliExpress for 50-60 rubles or made from several components. The sensor is sold from various sellers (for example, this one), and for self-assembly you will need the following parts:
Two IR diodes
- Audio cable with jack or separately 3.5 mm jack
- Electrical tape or hot glue
- Heat-shrink tubing
- Tools (knife, wire cutters, soldering iron with solder and lighter or hair dryer)
Connect the anode (long leg) of one diode to the cathode (short leg) of the second diode and vice versa - cathode to anode. Solder one connection to the left channel (red wire), and the second to the right channel (wire in white or other color insulation). The common contact (“ground”) is not used. Insulate the contacts with electrical tape or hot glue so that there is no short circuit. Heat the heat shrink tube with a hairdryer or lighter and use it to secure the diodes so that they do not fall off.
Download and install the ZaZaRemote application. Insert the IR sensor you assembled into the audio jack of your smartphone and launch ZaZaRemote. This application uses sound output and will supply electrical signals to it, which are converted into IR waves of the desired frequency. Set up the application so that you can use it to control devices in your home (TV, music center, fan, DVD player, air conditioner, etc.)
Keep in mind that this sensor will not work on all smartphones. Some devices use their own feeding technologies sound signal, due to which the diodes cannot operate at the desired frequency.
Hi all. I present for general viewing a homemade radio control panel for controlling various objects from a distance. It could be a car, a tank, a boat, etc. made by me for a “children’s” radio circle. Using the NRF24L01 radio module and ATMEGA16 microcontroller.
For a long time I had a box of identical broken game joysticks from consoles. Got it from a gaming establishment. I haven’t seen any particular use for faulty game joysticks, and it’s a shame to throw them away or disassemble them. So the box stood like a dead weight collecting dust. The idea of using gaming joysticks came as soon as I talked to my friend. A friend ran a club for young radio amateurs at a boarding school, free of charge on weekends, and introduced inquisitive children to the world of radio electronics. Children are like sponges, absorbing information. Since I myself really welcome such circles for children, and here also in such a place. So he suggested an idea on how to use non-working joysticks. The idea was this: create a homemade radio remote control of models assembled with your own hands, which I would like to offer to children to study the project. He really liked the idea, considering that funding for children's institutions is, to put it mildly, not very good, and I was also interested in this project. Let me also make my contribution to the development of the radio circle.
The goal of the project is to create a complete device not only as a radio remote control, but also as a response to a radio-controlled object. Considering that the remote control is for children, connecting the receiving part to the model should also be as simple as possible.
Assembly and components:
Having disassembled the game joystick into its components, it immediately became clear that we needed to make a new printed circuit board, and of a very unusual shape. At first, I wanted to connect the printed circuit board to the ATMEGA48 microcontroller, but as it turned out, there simply weren’t enough microcontroller ports for all the buttons. Of course, in principle, such a number of buttons is not needed and it was possible to limit ourselves to only four ADC microcontroller ports for two joysticks and two ports for clock buttons located on the joysticks. But I wanted to use as many buttons as possible, who knows what else the kids will want to add. This is how the printed circuit board for the ATMEGA16 microcontroller was born. I had the microcontrollers themselves, left over from some project. 
The rubber bands on the buttons were very worn out and could not be restored. But this is not surprising considering where joysticks were used. For this reason, I used tact buttons. Perhaps the disadvantages of tact buttons include the strong clicking sound that occurs as a result of pressing the button. But for this project it is very tolerable.
There was no need to redo the board with joysticks; I left it as is, which saved a lot of time. The end buttons were also kept in their original form.
I chose the NRF24L01 radio module as the transceiver, since the price is very low in China at $0.60 per piece. bought. Despite its low cost, the radio module has considerable capabilities and of course suited me. The next problem I encountered was where to place the radio module. There is not enough free space in the case, for this reason the radio module was placed in one of the handles of the joystick case. There was no need to even fix it; the module was pressed tightly when the entire body was assembled.
Perhaps the biggest problem was the issue of power supply for the radio remote control. The purchase of some specialized batteries, say lithium ones, cost a pretty penny, since it was decided to assemble seven sets. And the remaining free space in the case did not really allow the use of standard AA batteries. Although the consumption is not significant, various suitable power sources can be used. As always, friendship came to the rescue; a colleague at work fitted lithium flat batteries from mobile phones and charged them with a bonus. Still, I had to redo them a little, but this is insignificant and much better than making battery charging from scratch. Here on flat lithium batteries I stopped.
During testing, the radio module justified its declared range and worked confidently in line of sight at a distance of 50 meters; through walls, the range decreased significantly. There were also plans to install a vibration motor that would react, say, to some collisions or other actions in a radio-controlled model. In this regard, I have provided for printed circuit board transistor switch for control. But I left additional complications for later. First, I need to test the program, since it is still raw. And the design, considering that this is a prototype requires minor modifications. That’s how they say, “one by one,” a radio control panel was created with almost minimal investment.
In one of the articles we looked at the question of how to unlock an Android phone if you forgot your graphic password.
Possibilities modern smartphone, are limitless. Almost any technical problem, whether we are doing complex computational work, or simply want to “teach” a gadget new capabilities, can be solved with a few taps on the screen. Let's talk about how to use mobile gadget On Android you can control your TV. This may be necessary if the original remote control has failed and there is no way to quickly replace it.
Not so long ago, in order to turn on the TV from a smartphone, you had to have special technical knowledge, but now it is enough to install a special Android application. The TV must have certain functions that can be used to establish a connection between the TV and the smartphone:
- Smart TV. Allows you to connect to your TV via Wi-Fi
- IR port
- Bluetooth module
The corresponding modules must be installed in the phone.
Large manufacturers such as LG, Panasonic or Samsung develop applications specifically for their models. We will consider universal programs for Android, which turns your smartphone into a remote control for various TV models.
TV Remote Control
OS version: Android 2.2 or later
Download
Cost: Free
A universal application that allows you to control your TV from your phone. The program does not support the Russian language, but even a novice user can understand the simple menu. All you need to do is set the connection mode (IR or Wi-Fi), enter the IP address of the TV and install the desired model.
The application supports a huge number of TV models, including:
- Samsung
- Panasonic
- Vizio
- Sharp
- Funai
- JVC and many others
The application has a basic set of commands for a TV: a power button, a numeric keypad, buttons for switching channels and sound settings. The application does not have a paid advanced version, so advertisements will appear on the control panel from time to time.
Remote control
OS version: Android 4.0.3 or later
Download
Cost: Free
A convenient application that turns your smartphone into a TV remote control. In the settings, just select the connection mode: via infrared or Wi-Fi. In the second case, the program itself can determine the IP address of the TV and connect to it. The phone program allows you to manage models from seven manufacturers:
- Samsung
- Toshiba
- Panasonic
- Phillips
- Sharp
The application developers claim that new TV models are added with each update.
The TV is controlled from a smartphone through a simple menu in which you can select the signal source (TV or AV), enter the TV menu, switch channels using numeric keypad or individual software buttons and adjust the sound.
The application does not have paid version, so you won’t be able to disable pop-up ads.
Other Fly smartphones
On our website you can find a catalog with other Fly smartphones on Android.
Easy Universal TV Remote
OS version: Android 2.3 or later
Download
Cost: Free
A smartphone application that turns your Android device into a TV remote control. It differs from previous programs only in its interface: with its help you can control the sound, change channels and turn off the TV.
To get started, you need to select one of three connection modes and your TV model.
Majority free applications They have one main drawback: they cannot disable advertising. You can get rid of annoying banners and significantly expand the functionality of your smartphone as a TV remote control by installing paid applications.
Galaxy universal remote control
Download
Cost: 219 rubles
A universal application for a smartphone that allows you to make your gadget a remote control not only for your TV, but also for any household appliances with built-in IR port.
If there are several TVs in the house, the application user can make bookmarks for each model for quick access Anytime. If you have additional devices connected to your TV, such as amplifiers or game consoles, you can set the universal remote to each device from one menu.
The application has extensive functionality:
- Unique control panel. The user can add his own command buttons, set their shape, size and color, and set his own icon on each button.
- Creating macros. Ability to customize a list of actions for one click. This could be turning on the TV, switching to a certain channel, increasing the volume.
- Create and save custom IR command codes
- Scanning device models to configure phone alignment
- Backup. All settings and commands can be transferred to another phone.
- Widget for the home screen of an Android smartphone. You can control the TV without even going into the application.
If the application is found to be incompatible with specific model TV, the developers have provided a system for returning money paid for the program.
OneZap Remote
OS version: Android 4.0 or later
Download
Cost: 172 rubles
A convenient and inexpensive application that allows you to turn your smartphone into a TV remote control. The program database contains 250 integrated devices:
- Samsung
- Denon
- Pioneer
- Onkyo and so on
The application user can use either a preset menu or create his own by selecting color scheme interface, size and shape of buttons. If a DVD player is connected to the TV, you can create separate button or a set of buttons to control both devices.
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