A UPS from a well-known company was sent to our laboratory for testing. A merican P ower C onversion (further in the text of the article APC). The company was founded in 1981 by three engineers from the Electronic Energy Conversion Systems Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The first UPS was released in 1984, since then the company has been a leader in the device market uninterruptible power supply. APC's headquarters are located in West Kingston, Rhode Island (USA). The enterprises are located in the USA, Ireland, Switzerland, the Philippines, China, India and Brazil. The company has more than 5,000 employees worldwide. In our country, the company has representative offices in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. It is well known that APC UPSs are the standard of quality and reliability. Using our almost established testing methodology, we will try on a “standard” for it and draw conclusions based on the results of instrumental testing. Description
The tested UPS belongs to the Back-UPS RS series, according to the manufacturer it is " High quality power protection with battery backup for office computers " And " The best decision for areas with poor power quality and for applications that require long battery life".
The manufacturer declares the following product characteristics:
Input voltage, frequency | Rated 230 V, 156-300 V allowed, |
Output (when operating on batteries) voltage, frequency | 230 V / 50 Hz |
Automatic voltage regulator | ensures operation without switching to a battery in the range of 175-285 V |
output power | 1000 VA / 600 Watt |
Output waveform | stepwise sinusoid approximation |
Time battery life battery life 50% / 100% load | 5.9 / 16.6 minutes |
Function to start equipment without connecting to the mains | |
Battery type, voltage and capacity | RBC32 - Maintenance-free sealed lead-acid battery with thickened electrolyte |
Time to charge batteries to 90% after discharging to load cut-off level at half load. | |
Indicators | 4 multi-colored LEDs indicating On Line (work from the network) |
Sound alarm | Signal for switching to battery mode, special signal for low battery charge, ability to set delays. |
Self-diagnosis | when turned on and controlled by software |
Overload protection when operating from the network | Continuous multi-pole noise filter: IEEE 0.5% residual voltage amplitude: No time delay surge control: UL 1449 compliant. Energy absorption: 180 Joules. |
Data line protection | Telephony protection, RJ-11 socket. |
Interface | |
Monitoring | The software supports Windows 98/ME/2000/XP |
Dimensions W×D×H | 86×333×371 mm |
Output connectors | 6×IEC320 (Battery backup) |
| Acoustic noise level at a distance of 1 meter from the surface of the device | |
| Heat dissipation in mains mode | 180 W/hour |
| Compliance with the requirements | A-tick, C-tick, CE, GOST, VDE |
Working conditions | no higher than 3000 meters |
The UPS is supplied in a regular cardboard box measuring 455x203x416 mm, the weight of the packaged set is 11.82 kg. Judging by the sticker on the box, the tested UPS was made in India.
The scope of delivery includes:
- user manual
- Warranty registration card with postage envelope
- Postcard to receive PowerChute+ for Windows 95/NT**
- 2 sheets explaining the terms and conditions of the Lifetime Equipment Protection Program*
- Insert that supplements the instructions for Macintosh users
- Quality Assurance Test sheet
- 2 cables for connecting equipment (IEC 320 connector)
- interface cable for communication with PC (RS-232C)
- RJ-11 telephone cable (6P2C)
- two reusable cable ties
- stand for vertical installation of UPS
- PowerChute Personal Edition Software CD**
- APC Information Center CD
* - The Lifetime Equipment Protection Program provides lifelong insurance coverage for equipment protected by APC. In the event of damage to the equipment along the mains power line, APC will replace or repair it. The amount of insurance compensation reaches $200,000 for Australia, and 100,000 Euros for a number of European countries. On Russian market insurance conditions do not apply.
** - The included PowerChute Personal Edition v1.5 software is for Windows 98/ME/2000/XP and MAC OS X 10.2/10.3. If you are using Windows NT or Windows 95, you must complete and mail the postcard. Within 8-10 weeks you will receive PowerChute+ 5.2 and 5.0.2. Registration online will reduce the waiting time to 3-4 weeks.
All printed products are presented on English language. The instructions contain explanatory pictures on almost all points.
The quality of the equipment can be assessed as unsatisfactory. The absence of Russian in the instructions and the absence of a warranty card directly violates the law. The lack of a power cord does not allow you to check the product upon purchase. And if in the budget segment such an approach can be justified by savings, then the motivation for such famous manufacturer UPS medium and high price segment incomprehensible. Perhaps Russian distributors will include a translation of the instructions and their warranty card. The manufacturer establishes a warranty for its products for 2 years from the date of manufacture of the UPS. The release date is determined by the serial number. For Russia there is an additional paid warranty for a period of 3 years. You can apply for a warranty extension during the entire warranty period. The cost of the extended warranty depends on the services ordered.
The product has an original design that allows horizontal (2U height) and vertical placement. In the presentation below, you can independently select the desired angle and examine the UPS in detail.
The UPS case is made entirely of plastic and consists of five parts - two sides, a rear wall, a front panel and a battery compartment cover. They are connected by grooves and 10 screws. The back panel and the battery compartment cover at the bottom have plastic protrusions. The quality of casting and plastic is very good, no flash was detected. The front panel contains operating mode indicators, from top to bottom - On line (green), On battery (yellow), Overload and Replace battery (red). Recessed under the indicators for protection against accidental pressing Power button. The rear panel contains an RJ-45 Data Port and a ventilation grille in the upper part. In the middle part there are separate groups of 2? RJ-11 and 2? RJ-45 sockets to protect the telephone line and local network respectively.
At the bottom there are 6 IEC320 battery connectors (4.3 A total), 2 IEC320 connectors for connecting equipment that does not require emergency power (3.5 A total), a power input connector and a reusable automatic fuse at 10 A. Internal structure
The UPS is equipped with a replaceable battery cartridge manufactured by APC. Its capacity is 7 Ah, operating voltage 24 V. The cartridge contains two CP 1270 batteries produced by the Chinese company Vision, a plastic adapter panel and a cable with an original connector.
It should be noted that the CP series battery is designed for a 20-hour discharge mode. With an hourly discharge mode, its capacity, according to the manufacturer, is only 4.56 Ah. Typical battery discharge time when operating in a UPS is 10-30 minutes. In this mode, the capacity will be less than 3.5 Ah. Battery life is 200 cycles of 20 hour 100% discharge. With a more intense discharge, the resource may be shorter. Another interesting observation: the voltage difference between fully charged batteries was 0.2 V, increasing to 0.8 V with intensive discharge. This indicates a wide variation in the quality of batteries and a missing or ineffective selection of a “pair” of batteries for the cartridge.
The battery can be replaced by the user. The replacement procedure is described and shown in the pictures in the instructions. No tools are needed for this; the battery compartment cover is secured with a latch and easily slides down. Please note that the UPS is shipped with the battery disconnected. Before use, remove the protective tape and connect the battery cartridge. It is also worth noting the non-standard placement of batteries in the UPS case. Despite the fact that the manufacturer does not indicate the operating position of the batteries, deviation from the standard (banks up) arrangement may adversely affect their service life. The economic aspect is also important. A battery cartridge costs exactly twice as much as a set of batteries themselves. With some skill, you can disassemble the cartridge and replace only the batteries.
All main electronics are located on one double-sided fiberglass printed circuit board located in the upper part of the UPS case... The battery compartment is separated from the electronics by a partition. The board itself and the installation of elements on it, at first glance, are made with high quality, the correspondence of the elements is signed schematic diagram. Planar components are widely used. Installation of elements is one-sided. Some small elements are not soldered, but this does not apply to the filters - all its elements, including the large choke, are in their place.
The windings are switched by a relay, the maximum switched current of which is 7 A at a voltage of 250 V, which in this case allows you to connect a load with a maximum peak power of up to 1750 VA. The layout of the ventilation holes provides for active cooling of power transistors and diodes. On the back wall there is a fan of the brand, model. Considering the fan operates only in battery power mode, this choice is quite justified. The fan has two speeds; it turns on at maximum speed when the load is over 50%.
The board contains a constantly powered secondary 26 V switching power supply, which powers the charging system and the control processor. It doesn't make any sounds when working. Power transistors and diodes produced by the company. They are located on eight radiators with an area of 40 sq.cm. Each radiator is a plate made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 6 mm and dimensions of 50x55 mm. Some elements are fixed with a spring clamp through an insulating plate.
An inverter with six transistors forms a two-stage sine approximation. The inverter is made using a high-frequency circuit, which allows you to increase efficiency and save on copper in the transformer. The power consumption of the UPS when operating on batteries without load was 9.5 W. Each transistor has a power of 208 W and an operating temperature range of up to 150° Celsius. The type and quality of the generated signal under different loads is clearly visible on the oscillogram.
This flaw in circuitry leads to increased power consumption, decreased efficiency and the appearance of electromagnetic interference at the UPS output in the range of 15-17 KHz.
The output voltage regulation unit (AVR) is made according to an autotransformer circuit. The transformation ratio when the voltage decreases is 0.89, when the voltage increases - 1.12. The UPS uses an autotransformer from a Chinese company. Judging by the dimensions of the core (85x70x30 mm) and markings, its power is 430 W.
RJ-45 line protection is provided on separate printed circuit boards, separately for telephone and computer network. The boards are secured to the back wall using plastic latches.
Unlike previously tested UPSs in the budget price range, APC has implemented full-fledged protection circuits in its product. Testing
The UPS under test is equipped with an AVR system - an automatic voltage regulator, sometimes called a stabilizer, which allows you to adjust (increase or decrease) the input voltage received from the mains without switching to battery power. The implementation of this module differs depending on the model and manufacturer; in this case, the AVR has one step-down stage (to normalize high voltage) and one step-up stage (to normalize low voltage from the supply network). Hysteresis AVR 7-16V. The graph below illustrates the operation of the AVR.
In the APC Back-UPS RS 1000 UPS using the supplied software PowerChute has the ability to set the input voltage range when operating the AVR system. The voltage adjustment range is 188-208 and 252-272 V in steps of 1 V. Unfortunately, due to the failure of the UPS, it was not possible to test the AVR at optimal settings. The above graph shows the AVR running at settings (195-262V). Suggested optimal settings are 208-244V.
When the mains voltage goes beyond the set range, the UPS switches to battery power, notifying the user about this via an audible signal. When switching to batteries, the UPS emits a group of four short beeps every 40 seconds. The operation of a UPS with a battery discharged to a critical level is accompanied by a signal with a frequency of one second.
The transition time to the battery and AVR response was determined from the oscillogram at a rated load of 600 W. The transition time to battery power was 7 ms.
The autotransformer windings switched in 2 ms. Both oscillograms show moderate bouncing of the relay contacts.
The UPS has been tested for battery life at various load levels. Synthetic tests were carried out on a load of resistors of 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the UPS rating. The output voltage was measured with a digital multimeter. During operation without load it was 214 V.
| Interest |
As you can see, over the entire load range the UPS fits within GOST-13109-97 and produces an average of 215 V with a slight decrease as the battery discharges. At full load within 20 seconds the low battery signal was triggered, and at a load of 60% or less the reserve was only 30 seconds. This is definitely not enough to complete the job operating system and applications. The UPS load power recommended based on test results is no more than 500 W.
For testing under real load, a test computer with the following configuration was used:
A total of 5 configuration options for the test computer were collected:
- Integrated SiS Mirage, 400 W PSU with passive PFC: INET-SiS
- ATI X700, 400 W PSU with passive PFC: INET
- ATI X700, 400 W PSU with passive PFC: DIVX
- ATI X700, 400 W PSU with passive PFC: 3DM5
- ATI X700, 550 W PSU with active PFC and autovoltage: 3DM5-PFC
In the diagram from left to right:
INET-SiS- Configuration with built-in motherboard video adapter. This configuration simulates simple office work.
INET-. This configuration simulates simple office work.
DIVX- Play from hard drive HD movie Shrek (1280×720×24×1700 kbps video bitrate, AC3 track 384 kbps). CPU load 17-25%.
3DM5- The 3Dmark05 v1.1.0 test package was run, 1024x768 in GT1 mode, which should simulate the operation of a modern toy.
3DM5-PFC- Configuration with a 550 W power supply, active PFC, auto-voltage 127-230 V. The 3Dmark05 v1.1.0 test package was run, 1024x768 in GT1 mode, which should simulate the operation of a modern toy.
Battery charging parameters are one of the most important factors affecting the service life of the battery, and, consequently, the UPS itself. Despite the use of a battery cartridge and the presence detailed instructions to replace the cartridge, this operation for an ordinary user may be the reason for contacting service center. For the CP 1270 batteries used in the cartridge, the manufacturer has set a maximum charging current of 2.8 A. Given the importance of the battery charging mode, two tests were done. In the first (yellow line) the UPS was discharged to a load of 100% (600 W) before auto shutdown, in the second (red line) - after being discharged to a load of 50% (300 W), the UPS was sequentially discharged to a smaller load until the battery was completely discharged .
Restoring the charge after a deep discharge took 18 hours. Fully charging the battery took more than a day; the charging current at the beginning was 400 mA. For 14 hours, the charging current was 370 mA. It took another 10 hours to achieve a charging current of 60 mA and a voltage of 26.9 V. After two days from the start of charging, the charging current was 45 mA, with a voltage of 26.92 V. Recovery after an intense discharge took only 5 hours. Such a short battery recharging time is not a merit of the charging circuit, but a consequence of a twofold drop in battery capacity during an intensive discharge. You've probably already noticed the characteristic vertical stripes on the chart. This is a display of the fact that the UPS was taking power from the battery during the charging process. It is possible that alternating charge-discharge is a specially applied technology, presumably to desulfate the battery electrodes. According to the measurement results, the operation of the charging circuit was found to be satisfactory. The disadvantages include a small charging current and a greatly reduced final charge voltage. It is quite possible that this was done in an attempt to compensate for the strong variation in battery quality. This leads to a long wait for the UPS to be ready after a deep discharge, and to full use battery capacity. On the plus side, we have a slight increase in battery life.
To test the cold start system, the UPS was connected to the load without being connected to the network. The UPS turned on at full rated load.
For communication with a computer, the UPS is equipped with a Data Port and an RJ-46-USB A cable. To test the communication interface with the PC, the UPS was connected to USB port supplied cable. The UPS supports the Smart Battery standard, it is automatically detected in Windows system XP, and the following devices appeared in the device manager:
User manual Russian
APC Smart-UPS® SC
2U Rack/Tower Module
Uninterruptable power source
990-1851D 03/2007
Introduction
APC Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides equipment protection
from power outages, reduced voltage in the network, short-term drop
voltage and surges in voltage and current. The UPS filters out noise from the power supply and protects equipment from hazardous influences by isolating the equipment from the power supply. The UPS provides uninterrupted power supply from the internal battery until utility power is restored or until the battery is discharged.
1: INSTALLATION Unpacking Attention: Please read the safety instructions before installation.
Check the received UPS. If damage is found, notify the carrier and equipment supplier.
The packaging must be recycled; save it for reuse or dispose of properly.
Check the contents of the package:
Attention: The UPS is shipped with the battery disconnected.
The UPS documentation package includes:
Documentation for the device, safety instructions and warranty!
Commitment Smart-UPS® User Manuals CD!
PowerChute Business Edition® CD!
Cable serial interface!
Rack Mount Kit!
230 V models: Two connecting cables!
UPS operating conditions Vertical installation Note: Illustrations in this document may differ from actual equipment.
" # $ % Mounting the UPS in a two-post rack " # Remove the battery bracket screws, remove the battery bracket, and remove the battery.
$% Note: Additional information For a four-post rack kit, go to www.apc.com.
& Replace the battery, battery bracket" and tighten the screws.
2: COMMISSIONING Connecting equipment to the UPS Rear panels 110/120 V:
Note: Laser printer consumes significantly more power than other types of equipment and may overload the UPS.
Connecting the UPS to the LAN (if equipped) Network Connectors Serial Modem Ports/LAN Suppression Ports Telephone/Fax Ports Use only interface kits recommended by APC.
To connect to the serial port, use only the cable supplied. The standard serial cable is not compatible with the UPS.
The uninterruptible power supply has additional network surge suppression ports for the modem/telephone/fax. Connect a single modem/telephone/fax line to the RJ-11 IN jack on the back of the UPS to suppress surges on the modem/telephone/fax line.
To connect a modem/telephone/fax to the OUT jack, use a telephone cable (not included).
The uninterruptible power supply also has the additional function of suppressing surges in the local network. Connect a 10 Base-T/100 Base-Tx network cable to the RJ-45 IN connector on the back of the UPS for LAN surge suppression. To connect to the network OUT port, use network cable(not included).
Turning on the UPS
1. Connect the UPS only to a two-pole, three-wire grounded outlet.
Avoid using extension cords. 110/120V Models: The power cord is connected to the UPS. NEMA 5-15P type connector. 230 V models: The power cord is included as standard with the UPS.
2. 110/120V Models: Check for proper wiring using the incorrect wiring indicator LED located on the rear panel.
It lights up if the UPS is connected to a power outlet that is not wired correctly (see Troubleshooting).
3. Turn on all connected equipment. To use the UPS as the main on/off switch, ensure that the power switches on all equipment connected to the UPS are set to the “ON” position.
4. To turn on the UPS, press the button on the front panel.
Note: The battery is fully charged within the first four hours of normal use.
During this initial period, you should not expect full battery life. Battery life can be found at www.apc.com.
5. For optimal protection computer systems install PowerChute Business Edition control software for full access to the UPS shutdown and alarm settings.
3: OPERATION
– – –
Replace Battery/ The battery is disconnected or needs to be replaced.
Battery disconnected
– – –
5: STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE
Storage When not using the UPS, cover it and store it in a cool, dry place with the battery fully charged.In temperatures between –15°C and +30°C, charge the UPS battery every six months.
At temperatures between +30 and +45 °C, charge the UPS battery every three months.
Replacing the Battery The UPS battery life depends on operating conditions and specifications. environment. Replace the battery every three years.
The UPS is easy to replace rechargeable batteries, supporting "hot" replacement. Since replacing the battery is a safe operation and does not pose a risk of impact electric shock, the UPS battery can be replaced under voltage without disconnecting the UPS and connected equipment from the power supply. For information about new replacement batteries, contact your supplier or APC (see Contact Information).
Note: When the battery is disconnected, the equipment's power outage protection is disabled.
To replace the battery, see the appropriate steps in Mounting the UPS in a Rack.
Return the used battery to a recycler or APC in the same packaging in which you received your new battery.
6: TROUBLESHOOTING, TRANSPORTATION
AND SERVICE
Follow the recommendations in the table below to resolve minor problems encountered during installation and operation of the UPS. For more complex problems, visit www.apc.com.PROBLEM AND/OR SOLUTION
POSSIBLE REASON
UPS WILL NOT TURN ON
The UPS is not connected to Make sure the UPS power cord is securely connected at both mains power supply. sidesBattery is not connected Make sure the battery is connected correctly.
properly.
Line voltage is too high Check that the UPS is receiving utility power by connecting a table lamp to the outlet. If the light is very dim, ask an electrician to check whether it is low or missing.
check the network voltage.
UPS WILL NOT TURN OFF
Internal fault Do not attempt to use the UPS. Unplug the UPS, unplug the UPS. battery and send it in for repair immediately.The UPS BEEPS AN AUDIO SIGNAL FROM TIME TO TIME
Normally operating UPS No measures are required. The UPS protects the connected equipment by sending audible signals from accidental power outages.battery mode.
The UPS DOES NOT PROVIDE BATTERY POWER FOR THE ESTIMATED TIME
The UPS battery is low. Charge the battery. After long interruptions in the power supply, the batteries require recharging recently. They wear out faster when there is a power cut, frequent use, or when used at increased power temp or power. When the battery reaches the end of its specified service life, replacement is recommended, even if the indicator indicates that the battery needs to be replaced. The battery is not lit yet.POWER AND OVERLOAD LED INDICATORS ALTERNATIVELY FLASHING
The UPS has been switched off after No action is required. The UPS will turn on when PowerChute resumes. supplying electricity from the network.THE MAINS POWER AND BATTERY POWER LEDS ARE BLINKING, OR THE LED IS BLINKING
OVERLOAD Internal fault Do not attempt to operate the UPS. Turn off the UPS, disconnect the UPS connector. The UPS is turned off. batteries and send them in for repair immediately.ALL LED INDICATORS GO OUT, ALTHOUGH THE UPS IS CONNECTED TO THE OUTLET
ELECTRICAL GRID
UPS switched off or battery No action required. The UPS will begin to function normally if the battery has been discharged for a long time after the mains supply has been restored and the battery has been sufficiently charged.electricity from the network.
PROBLEM AND/OR SOLUTION
POSSIBLE REASON
OVERLOAD LED IS ON AND THE UPS BEEPS CONTINUOUSLY
SIGNAL UPS is overloaded. The load from the connected equipment exceeds the maximum Connected permissible value.the equipment consumes The sound signal will continue until the power greater than the overload is eliminated. To eliminate the overload, disconnect from the UPS can provide the UPS. equipment that is not needed.
The UPS continues to supply power as long as it is connected to the mains and until its circuit breaker trips; If utility power is interrupted, the UPS will not provide battery power.
If an extended period of overload occurs while on battery power, the UPS will shut off power to protect against possible damage.
"REPLACE BATTERY/BATTERY DISCONNECTED" INDICATOR IS ON
LED indicator Check that the battery connectors are securely connected.flashes; in this case, every two seconds a short sound signal, notifying that the battery is disconnected.
The battery is low. Charge the battery for 24 hours. After this, perform a self-test. If the problem persists after charging the battery, replace the battery.
During the self-test, the UPS beeps briefly for one minute and a fault is detected and the battery replacement indicator lights up. Sound battery supply. The signal is renewed every five hours. To determine if the battery needs to be replaced, charge the battery for 24 hours and then perform the self-test. If the self-test is successful, the beeps will stop and the indicator will turn off.
INCORRECT WIRING INDICATOR ON REAR PANEL IS ON (MODEL ONLY
AT 110/120 V) The UPS is connected to the network The indicator is triggered when the following violations are detected in the socket with incorrect wiring: lack of grounding, reversed polarity of the phase and neutral wires, as well as overload of the neutral circuit.electrical installation. Elimination of electrical installation defects in the premises must be carried out by a qualified electrician.
INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPLED
The UPS is overloaded. button Reduce the load on the UPS by disconnecting some equipment. Press the circuit breaker button down.jumped out.
The UPS OPERATES ON BATTERY, ALTHOUGH THE MAINS VOLTAGE IS PRESENT
The input has tripped. To reduce the load on the UPS network, disconnect the equipment and the circuit breaker; press the circuit breaker button.The utility power supply is very high. Connect the UPS to an outlet connected to another high or very low utility circuit. Such violations can be caused by the use of voltage or the availability of cheap fuel generators. If connected to the UPS there is strong distortion. equipment may consume power within its current ratings, reduce the sensitivity level of the UPS (see
User configurable parameters).
OPERATIONAL MODE INDICATOR
The indicator does not light up. The UPS is supplying power from battery or is turned off.The indicator flashes. The UPS is performing a self-test.
Transportation and service
Prepare an uninterruptible power supply for transportation:
Turn off and disconnect all equipment connected to the UPS. Turn off the UPS and unplug it from the power outlet. Disconnect the battery.
If the UPS needs to be repaired, do not return it to the supplier.
Instead, take the following steps.
1. Review the Troubleshooting section to resolve common problems.
2. If the problem cannot be resolved, contact Service technical support from APC by visiting the company's website at www.apc.com/support.
Have the following information ready: UPS model number, serial number, and date of purchase. If you call Technical Support, an APC representative will ask you to describe the problem and suggest a solution over the phone. If the problem cannot be resolved, the technician will provide you with a resolution number for return of materials (RMA#).
If the deadline warranty service The UPS has not expired, repairs are carried out free of charge.
3. Send the UPS in the packaging in which you received it. If the original packaging is not available, go to www.apc.com/support for information on obtaining replacement packaging.
Pack the UPS securely to avoid damage during transportation. Do not use foam for packing. The manufacturer's warranty does not cover damage to the equipment that occurs during transportation.
Always DISCONNECT BATTERIES before shipping in accordance with DOT and IATA regulations. The battery pack(s) can be left in the UPS and do not need to be removed.
4. Label the return materials authorization number (RMA#) on the outside of the package.
5. Send the UPS in a pre-paid postage-prepaid package to the address provided by Technical Support.
Contact Information For US users, go to www.apc.com/support.
For users in other countries, go to www.apc.com, select your country from the list, and click the Support tab at the top of the page.
7: STANDARDS AND WARRANTY
110/120 V Models This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. .This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user may be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
To ensure compliance with the limits of FCC Class A equipment, only shielded signal cables should be used in connection with this equipment.
230V Models This product is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this equipment may cause radio interference. If this occurs, the user may be required to take corrective measures to correct the interference.
Limited Warranty American Power Conversion (APC) represents that its products are free from defects in materials and workmanship and warrants them for a period of two years from the date of purchase.
Company's obligation under this warranty is limited to repair and replacement of any defective product at Company's sole discretion. To obtain service under warranty, you must obtain a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) number from Technical Support. Products are returned with shipping costs prepaid with an attachment. brief description defects found and confirmation of the date and place of purchase.
This warranty does not apply to equipment damaged due to accident, neglect or misuse, or if it has been altered or modified in any way. This warranty applies only to original purchasers who must properly register the product within 10 days of purchase.
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED, AMERICAN POWER CONVERSION DOES NOT
PROVIDES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
WARRANTY OF MARKETING REQUIREMENTS AND FITNESS FOR
USE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES. Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of implied warranties; in this case, the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to the buyer.EXCEPT AS PROVIDED ABOVE, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES
APC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF THIS
PRODUCT, EVEN IF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES HAS BEEN ADVISED. In particular, APC is not responsible for any costs or expenses such as loss of profit or revenue, equipment failure, loss of use of equipment, loss of software, loss of information, replacement costs, third party claims, or others.APC, the APC logo, Smart-UPS and PowerChute are registered trademarks of American Power Conversion Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12:48 29.07.2016
Treatment of mental disorders UPS using the example of APS Smart-UPS 1000 (and calibration)
So, the background. There is a server at home, there is a wife’s computer and there is an old projector, the lamp of which can be very offended by a sudden loss of voltage. Therefore, in the closet with the server there is a fairly powerful uninterruptible power supply to which these three consumers are connected. Its name is APC Smart-UPS 1000, model SUA1000I.
Everything would be fine, but one fine day the uninterrupted power supply was visited by a mental disorder...
Yes, I agree, he has the same look. And there is a general mess in the pantry due to the inconvenient placement of the north. I didn’t think about it, I should have placed it opposite the entrance.
Its power is 1000 VA or approximately 630 W (in the case of switching consumers). Inside there are two batteries of 12V, 12A/h, which gives 288 Wh of capacity. In principle, there is enough power, but the operating time from the original batteries was not very good, plus they are old and operated at elevated temperatures (south, after all).
And, as is usual with uninterruptible power supplies, he simply “inflated” the last set of batteries (overheated during charging, to the point of deforming the case). To increase battery life, two 53Ah car batteries were purchased, with which the server could work reliably for several hours. And how long did he keep the server pure...
I mean, I used to hold it until I went crazy.
Symptoms
I discovered this by accident. At first it stopped holding a charge normally; when the lights were turned off, even the pure server drew very little. I blamed the batteries and the temperature in the pantry. But then it stopped even turning on, that is, it turned on, turned on the self-test (temporarily switched to batteries) and began to squeal, blinking the lamp for the need to replace the batteries.When I got around to calibrating it, I ran into difficulties. In order. In general, I hooked it up to the server (for information, it’s Centos 7) and started installing the necessary software.
Server Tuning
To begin with, apcupsd (the daemon for working with UPS), its web console apcupsd-cgi and httpd (the Apache web server) were installed.# yum -y install httpd apcupsd apcupsd-cgi
After installation, you must force it to execute cgi scripts, otherwise the web console will not be visible.
Let's go to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and fix it.
In chapter
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI(line 144)
This will allow CGI scripts to run.
If I remember correctly, cgi scripts will be executed on their own; Apache does not need to connect additional modules. Well, if anything, there are plenty of descriptions on the net.
Next, you need to drag the apcupsd-cgi scripts into the cgi-bin folder:
# ln -s /var/www/apcupsd /var/www/cgi-bin/apcupsd
This will create a symbolic link, which is exactly what we needed to enable symbolic links in cgi-bin.
Now we need to edit /etc/apcupcd/apcupsd.conf. For my uninterruptible power supply, nothing needed to be changed, because... USB connection has already been configured. Other UPS or connection options will need to be configured accordingly.
After this, you can configure the launch and start the services:
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl enable apcupsd
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl start apcupsd
Now you can open your browser and look at your handiwork. Open the browser and go to the address http://server-address/cgi-bin/apcupsd/multimon.cgi
It will show something like:
What I saw after launch
In general, after setting up and launching the whole thing, I broke down. Because apcupsd could not establish a connection via USB. I had to figure it out. Installed usbutils:# yum -y install usbutils
and looked at the lsusb output:
#lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Oops, no sign of a UPS connected via USB. Replacing the cable did nothing. Then I began to suspect something was wrong...
I had to look for an alternative. Fortunately, there is an alarm connector through which the uninterruptible power supply can be attached to the com port. And the elementary diagram:
You just need to find connector donors. When the donors were discovered, a funny fact was revealed - this was the required cable, made a long time ago. And a worker.
I only had to register that this is a cable of this model, connected to the COM1 port (/dev/ttyS0) in the file /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf:
UPSCABLE 940-0024C
UPSTYPE apcsmart
DEVICE /dev/ttyS0
After restarting the daemon ( systemctl restart apcupsd) managed to get to the uninterruptible power supply. It turned out that this was some kind of completely strange animal unknown to science - Smart-???2 XL RM.
I had to turn off apcupsd and connect using the console, for which you need a utility screen(it's easiest for her).
# yum -y install screen
# systemctl stop apcupsd
# screen /dev/ttyS0 2400
That is, we install screen, stop the UPS service (so as not to go into the console), and then last line includes a virtual console connected to a UPS via port /dev/ttyS0 (com1) at a speed of 2400 baud. The rest of the settings are standard (one stop, no parity, 8 bits), so we don't touch them.
Communication via the console is possible text commands and can be carried out in two modes - simply SMART (turned on by sending Y, UPS response SM), or in PROG mode, which allows you to change settings (turn on - sending two 1s with an interval of 3-4 seconds).
In short, when I started looking at the registers, I was horrified: the UPS didn’t know who he was, almost all the registers contained FF (all ones), that is, there was complete amnesia on my face.
The most remarkable point is that the UPS thought that it was released for Canada (M at the end of the model), and despite all the descriptions on the net, I was almost unable to change this parameter. But in order.
Treatment idea
So, the patient was diagnosed with amnesia followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder, so many methods were tried for treatment. Two (well, or one and a half) came up.The fundamental document for treatment was this description of the commands:
apc -fix.com/?r=attach2&a=dl&id=198
The guide from apcupsd was also helpful:
http://www.apcupsd.org/manual/manual.pdf,
containing on page 54 information about the initial register settings for my uninterruptible power supply model (the format has been changed to make it easier to read):
Model: SUA1000I
Register 4: 07
Register 5: B5
Register 6: 13
Register 0: BC
Firmware: 652.12.I
Registers 4-6 are responsible for some internal processes; I have never found a normal description of what they do. But register 0 is the initial state of the “quality” of the battery. If it reads 00, then the uninterruptible power supply considers the battery to be clinically dead. The parameter changes during operation by the uninterruptible power supply itself (during self-testing and calibration), but when replacing batteries it would be necessary to write it back, otherwise it will not be good.
So, I knew what to write, but to carry out the rewriting....
In general, when requesting the firmware version, I received a strange response " ???.3.M". These numbers describe the properties of the uninterruptible power supply. The last letter is the region. And the letter M means that this unit was released for Canada. Questions are characters that are not displayed in this console encoding.
Analysis of the firmware version in the old format showed that this is generally a rack-mount option for servers, and not the “separate” uninterruptible power supply that it actually is. In general, an obsessive state in all its glory. Judging by the region, he considered himself Terence and Phillip rolled into one...
The unpleasant moments here were:
- The uninterruptible power supply believed that it had four batteries (48V rated voltage, the rack version is rackmount), and not two. At the same time, the current charge of the batteries, due to the reset multiplier of the voltage control ADC, was at the maximum, and although the batteries were discharged, it showed their voltage at more than 55 volts;
- the output voltage, according to the uninterruptible power supply, was 208V (Canada, server version);
- The input voltage also, according to the uninterruptible power supply, differed from 220V in the outlet.
Treatment and its types
Since the patient considers himself a different person, why not create conditions for him to work normally? Does he consider himself a fish? So let us convince you that air is water and let yourself breathe this “water”.The voltage in the outlet only affects the operation of the stabilizer and the moments of switching to the battery. Therefore, it can be corrected as needed for the existing version using a scale factor (through settings).
Output voltage. Yes, let him give out as much as he wants. This is corrected in part by the same scaling factor, as well as the fact that the transformer inside that provides the output voltage is from the correct model.
The problem remains with four batteries. But it's not a problem. We take the scale factor and change it so that 24V turns into 48. 2 lead-acid batteries are connected, which in support mode (used in an uninterruptible power supply to constantly maintain batteries in a charged state) require a voltage of 2.32 V per cell, that is, for a pair of batteries this 2.32*6*2 = 27.84 V. This is at 20 degrees. And at higher or lower temperatures, the voltage must be reduced or increased by 0.025 V per degree. That is, for 27 degrees you need to provide approximately 17.6 V. In fact, a little more is possible, just not to exceed 29.5 V, since the rapid evolution of hydrogen will begin.
We launch the console and turn on the programming mode by pressing 1, waiting 4 seconds and pressing 1 again. We will receive the response PROG.
To view the model number, you need to send ^A (that is, press Ctrl and, without releasing, press the Latin A). But in screen this ^A is responsible for all sorts of settings, so there you need to press Ctr+A, release, and simply press A, without control (small a, without shift).
This action made me feel unimaginable nonsense. Moreover, I was not able to correct the error by changing the uninterruptible power supply model (setting b).
But they managed to revive him, and as a result, in two ways: to convince him as it is and to conduct a session of electroshock therapy (to erase his memory) followed by psychotherapy.
We calibrate the battery (more precisely, the wrong number of them)
Let's try to fix the problem with the wrong number of batteries by correcting the measured voltage. The first step is to enable PROG mode. We launch the console, press 1, wait a little more than three seconds, press one again. We admire PROG's response.Press shift+b to send a capital B. In response I will receive a number like 55.74 , which I received (the multiplier was pushed to the maximum FF). This is the currently measured voltage on the battery, taking into account the applied multiplier. With such readings, my uninterruptible power supply thought that the battery was extremely charged and did not even try to charge it.
But the voltmeter showed 26 and a kopeck, which is very unpleasant. Therefore, my first task was to get the uninterruptible power supply to charge the batteries. That is, explain to him that now the voltage is less than required, and then ensure the correct charging voltage.
By the way, gel batteries of an uninterruptible power supply require less voltage, so we need to deceive the uninterruptible power supply and force it to produce as much as we need, that is, to assume that it produces LESS than it actually does.
So we attach a voltmeter in parallel to the batteries and begin to turn the multiplier as follows: after pressing B, the UPS reports the current measured value, and if the next symbols sent are + or -, then it will adjust the multiplier (not directly by one here or there, but everything change), increasing or decreasing its value, which will be reflected in the measured battery voltage.
After pressing +, the UPS responded 00 (which is FF + 1, a transition through zero occurred) and I immediately heard the click of the relay and the hum of the converter, which provides a charge to the battery. Well, the voltage on the battery went up.
Press B, look at the current voltage. I had something like 11 volts (the multiplier became 0), now we press alternately + (you can do it several times) and B and adjust the output to the one we need.
The voltmeter showed 26.63 V, so I tried to adjust pin B closer to 53.0 (this is double 26.5 V) so that the uninterruptible power supply would not force the battery, and at the same time be closer to the charging mode of batteries with a classic electrolyte, and not with a gel one (with their voltage is slightly less). When flying, you can send -, which will reduce the multiplier.
After charging the battery to almost full condition, this multiplier must also be adjusted to get 27.6-27.7 V on the batteries, but regardless of the readings of the measured UPS voltage. Well, and then checked several more times.
We write down the initial settings.
First of all, you need to enter registers 0 (battery status) and 4, 5, 6. Press the corresponding number, sending it to the uninterruptible power supply, look at the answer and press + or - to get the desired value (see the required values above).In this state, the batteries are already charging, but you need to configure other parameters. Well, we managed to enter it, adjust the voltages, transitions to one mode or another, start the server and, having come to terms with some inconsistencies in the output, check the work.
Unfortunately, after bringing the uninterruptible power supply into a relatively working state, assessing the connection with apcupsd, I came up with a brilliant idea - to knock out the wedge with a wedge - to administer an electric shock, that is, to carry out full reset settings (command ^Y). Therefore, I will describe the description of the settings for switching to batteries in the section of the second treatment method, since I don’t remember exactly the values that were stored in memory and what I screwed him up there for the first time.
Electroconvulsive therapy
So, there’s nothing to lose, I figured out the commands, I even charged the batteries (a must). So why not try a full reset? Except for the fact that I couldn’t be 100% sure whether I would even be able to reach the uninterruptible power supply after the reset.So if you want to repeat it, you will do it at your own peril and risk, and most importantly, DO THIS AFTER MEAL, after charging the uninterruptible power supply.
First of all, we disable the launch of apcupsd and turn off the server:
# systemctl disable apcupsd
#shudownnow
After turning off, we switch the server to power from the network, and select some known load for the uninterruptible power supply (a pair of 100 W, 220 V lamps, for example). Next, turn on the server (or another computer where you connect the uninterruptible power supply) and the load.
If you do not prohibit the launch of apcupsd, then after resetting the settings, when the uninterruptible power supply goes into insanity, there is a chance of the server shutting down. And in general, it is interfering with the console for now.
Go to the console, run screen, go to PROG mode and reset the settings by pressing Ctrl and Y. You may need to press it a couple of times. As a result, the UPS will respond OK and trigger a panic (fall into a coma).
For me, it immediately switched off and refused to come to life, clicking when I pressed the power and cutting off after a split second. I had to completely disconnect from the mains and batteries, pick up the batteries, plug them into the network and press and hold the power button. Then it may turn on and beep, or it may not turn on and remain silent, the main thing now is to register the multipliers for the batteries and the network. He thinks that there is no voltage at the input, the batteries are discharged and life in general is not good.
BUT. At least on batteries, with the power button brazenly pressed, you can communicate with it, work
In the console, launch PROG mode and look at the version via ^Aa and b. After the reset, it began to consider itself a Smart-UPS 500 type D, that is, for the US market. That is, the batteries are nominally 24V (as it is), but the mains voltage is 110V. That is, it didn’t improve much, but at least the batteries became correct. Although, of course, horseradish is not sweeter than radish.
Mains voltage
So we have an idiot on our hands. We need to teach him to at least eat on his own, that is, we need to ensure that he is plugged in from the mains. Why do we need to at least explain that it exists?You can view the rated output voltage of the uninterruptible power supply by pressing o (small Latin O). He will answer something like 110, 208 or 230, depending on gender identification.
Now about the input voltage. Press L, we get something like 210.7, that is, how many volts are now at the input of the uninterruptible power supply. After the reset, it was 000.0, that is, the network could not be seen (the multiplier was reset to zero).
For now, we only need it for launch, that is, in the area of the nominal output. We press + and L alternately (+ can be several times), trying to bring it up to the nominal power supply for our model (or whatever it thinks it is). That is, in my case, up to 110V. The precision of the piano does not play, this will be needed later. Somewhere around 100 (measured voltage), in my case the uninterruptible power supply switched from emergency mode to relatively normal mode, switching to mains power.
Now we press l (small L), we get the lowest voltage for the transition to the batteries. I set l for myself, choosing the lowest value (pressed + and l alternately until I determined the minimum and left it at the next cycle). For my “pseudo-American” I set it to 97. Let’s remember this value, it will come in handy later.
Press u (small U), this is the maximum transfer voltage to the batteries (to protect equipment from overvoltage). We look at what options there are (click + and u), leave the maximum (I have 133). Let's write it down.
Now we need to decide at what voltages the REAL transition to batteries should occur. Why do you need to know what is usually going on on your network? And then suffer yourself, periodically recording the voltage in the network.
But most importantly, we need to decide what range we approximately need. For example, in my network there is often less than 200 V. Usually it is from 195 to 230 V. Less is rare, more is extremely rare, although there was 324 V in the socket, there is even a photo.
So, there is a range of interest, there is a range =. We need to determine what multiplier to set in the voltage meter. We calculate the coefficient a = 97/195 = 0.5 and b = 133/230 = 0.58. As you can see, there is a very “tasty” option with a coefficient of 0.5, when the readings will differ from the real ones by exactly 2 times. You just need to set the upper switching limit to 230 * 0.5 = 115V, although in fact modern devices will work great with increased voltage. I lowered the threshold to 127v.
Next, we take a voltmeter, measure the voltage in the socket and adjust the L readings to the desired value. For a coefficient of 0.5 and a voltage in the socket of 210V, you need to get 210 * 0.5 = 105 in the readings. Press + or - and control by pressing L.
Batteries and their calibration
You can view the nominal battery voltage by pressing g. Before the reset it showed 48, after the reset it started showing 24.As already described, we adjust the battery voltage to a state slightly less than the real one. pressing B and +/-, controlling B. Well, only in this case I could already register real volts, and not double ones.
We register initial settings
Registers 0, 4, 5, 6 - as described above. Don’t forget about them, especially about 0, since this is the battery capacity coefficient that describes their “liveness”.
Correct display of load
Here you will need one or two (or even more) incandescent lamps. We load the uninterruptible power supply and see what it tells us about the load by sending it P (big Latin p).
I was initially told 000.0 because the multiplier was reset. Click and adjust to taste. I managed to get it to 032.1 with a FF multiplier for a load of about 280 W (300 W lamp at reduced mains voltage). This approximately corresponds to the nominal value, since for a 280 W lamp this is approximately 320-350 VA, that is, a third of the nominal 1000 VA uninterruptible power supply).
Configuring the remaining parameters
1) Processor software version, obtained from b. Online guides say that you can change it by pressing + after that and entering new version. But for me, both before and after the reset, it only accepted 3 characters. I registered 652 and after resetting I received model 652.3.D.2) UPS ID, obtained from c. Click + and enter 8 characters of the new identifier. My SUA1000I fit exactly.
3) The threshold for power return after battery discharge, obtained from e, can take fixed values (00, 15, 50, 90), cycled through +/-. I set it to 15 (actual value 01) so that after power is applied it expects 15% battery charge. Otherwise, if the lights are turned off and the uninterruptible power supply turns off, having exhausted its charge, and then immediately after power is applied it turns on and the lights are turned off again, then there is a chance of getting an emergency power shutdown before the server shuts down, which is not good for the hard drives...
4) Serial number UPS, obtained by n. You can look at the back panel of the UPS, under the model number:
I registered mine. By the way, the first two letters are the UPS model, the first two numbers (03) are the year of production of the uninterruptible power supply.
5) Date of production of the UPS, we get it by m, click + and write down what we want. For example 01/01/03. Somehow in this format. Purely informational post.
6) The date of the last battery replacement, obtained from x, is purely informational. Similarly, the production date was registered as 01/01/15.
6) UPS sensitivity. obtained by s, cyclically switches +/-, possible H,M,L,A value(high, medium, low, auto, and I don't have A.) I set it to M.
7) Number of connected add-ons. batteries, we get >. Before the reset it was 255, which is quite funny. After that it was 0, which is what I left.
Accurate calibration of battery charge voltage and battery life
We need to ensure charging with the correct voltage. Why, before full charging (until it shows 100% charge and even after that several times during a day or two), we monitor the battery voltage (in PROG mode we send B) and correct the multiplier so that the voltage supplied by the uninterruptible power supply to the batteries does not exceed the selected maximum (I remind you that for my batteries this is 27.6 V). We don’t look at the numbers returned by B, but use a voltmeter to monitor the actual voltage on the battery and adjust the B multiplier accordingly.We remember that if the voltage on the battery is more than necessary, then press B, then + and wait for a while, and if it is less than necessary, then B and - and also wait a little. The closer the charge is to 100%, the shorter the waiting time.
To control the charge level from the console, press f, we get something like 085.0 for 85% charge. I emphasize that this is the OPINION of the uninterruptible power supply and it will be correct only after CALIBRATION OF THE CAPACITY.
Capacity calibration
For this we will need light bulbs again. Ideally - at half the power of the uninterruptible power supply. That is, for 1000 it would be necessary to add 400 W of load. Although, in theory, 200 is enough.We close the communication console, for which we open a new terminal window and kill screen:
#killallscreen
Screen in the next terminal window will fly to the command line screaming:
Terminated
We launch the apctest utility, which, after some confusion and communication with the uninterruptible power supply, will display the menu:
#apctest
2016-07-22 16:19:55 apctest 3.14.12 (29 March 2014) redhat
Checking configuration...
sharenet.type = Network & ShareUPS Disabled
cable.type = Custom Cable Smart
mode.type = APC Smart UPS (any)
Setting up the port...
Doing prep_device() ...
You are using a SMART cable type, so I"m entering SMART test mode
Hello, this is the apcupsd Cable Test program.
This part of apctest is for testing Smart UPSes.
Please select the function you want to perform.
1) Query the UPS for all known values
2) Perform a Battery Runtime Calibration
3) Abort Battery Calibration
4) Monitor Battery Calibration progress
5) Program EEPROM
6) Enter TTY mode communicating with UPS
Q) Quit
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