Taking into account the fact that in Russia broadcasting in digital standard has been in progress since 2012, the article is late. But taking into account the time I spent on the roofs of my neighbors in the country, the material is quite relevant, since most consumers understand the essence of the matter superficially, believing that it is enough to acquire a digital TV receiver (tuner) of the DVB-T2 standard and an antenna for digital TV.
As usual, it's not that simple!
Landmark Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 985
December 3, 2009 by government decree Russian Federation No. 985 was approved by the federal target program(FTP) “Development of television and radio broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009 – 2015”, which determined the stages and timing of the country’s transition to digital technologies in television broadcasting.
Read in detail.
Now let's see what I have. I have a Delta N311A.02 antenna.
"Delta N311A.02" is essentially two antennas combined into one structure consisting of an antenna meter range made in the form of two vibrators (whiskers) and a log-periodic UHF antenna. The antenna has a built-in amplifier. That is, in principle, there is everything we need to receive DVB-T2. But the soul of a radio amateur will not rest until all the juices are squeezed out of the device.
Break off the horns of "Delta"!
It seems that there is nothing to squeeze out. The antenna is self-sufficient. But, let's think... Without delving into the jungle, we can assume that the amplifier works on both ranges at the same time, and accordingly, along with the signal, it also pulls out noise from both ranges. IN model range"Delta" antennas, there are antennas with an amplifier only for UHF. I think the receiver still has a more difficult time with a wider signal.Therefore, I decided to try to make life easier for the antenna amplifier and receiver - to break off the horns of the Delta! I unscrew the meter range vibrators.
This is the “tamed Delta” now...
Let's try. Yes, the result has improved by 5-7%. In addition, the antenna has become more narrowly directed.
A couple of weeks later my antenna friend called and informed me that he had brought what he had promised. I come to him and am surprised! He hands me practically my hornless Delta. The geometry is one to one, only the amplifier is located at the place where the signal is picked up. Well, let's try it, maybe there will be a better amplifier here. I tried it. No, it didn't get any better. Even a little worse. So I left my Delta.
You'll be chasing two multiplexes...
No, I haven't calmed down yet. After all the upgrades, I decided to turn my attention again to the second multiplex of commercial channels. One is good, but two is better! I deployed the antenna, tried to tune in, a signal appeared, it twitches, but it’s there.We start searching for channels - we found something that wasn’t there before.
Saved the settings. However, the picture still disappears periodically.
OK, let's turn around and watch the first multiplex for now. For now, because I decided to make my own antenna with the best gain. I hope that, coupled with my own, higher gain and signal amplifier, I can still catch two birds with one stone - the first and second multiplexes. If the experiment is successful, I will definitely let you know.
Methodology for setting up DVB-T2 outside the city
Now, for the most patient, a brief point-by-point adjustment method that I have developed over all this time. It assumes that you have a set of equipment and everything is connected correctly.1. Collection of information. We go to, look at the location of the nearest broadcasting stations and on which channels are broadcast.
2. Determine the azimuth of the station (see below).
3. Direct the antenna.
4. On the console in manual search We install a broadcast channel known to us. If after two or three seconds you see a signal on the power and quality scales, then you are on the right track. At this stage, you can also try to adjust the direction of the antenna for more reliable reception.
5. Start searching for channels.
6. Save. We watch digital TV and enjoy.
So how can we, comrade surveyors, determine the azimuth of the station? What is azimuth anyway? And this is just the angle between the direction north and the direction towards any given object. Azimuth is usually measured in the direction of apparent movement of the celestial sphere (clockwise on maps) and is measured in degrees.
There are several ways to determine azimuth.
1) As I already said, I used a satellite navigator.
Everything in one bottle - compass and map, modern and fast.
2) You can do it the old fashioned way. We take a paper map, place a north-oriented compass on it, and set the azimuth.
3) And one more method - virtual, advanced. You need a computer and internet. Azimuth and distances can be determined using the program " Google Earth" Download and install the program "". Let's launch. We find ourselves on the map and the location of the broadcasting station.
Free digital channels are becoming the new norm, providing unique quality services. DTV confidently moves across the country, covering not only Moscow, but also many other large regions. And all because the century modern technologies implies the most rational and competent use of innovative technical means. Such as image-sound transmission using digital signal programming at specific digital frequencies. In this case, quality is transferred to top level, absolutely without being subject to all kinds of interference. Due to the expansion bandwidth there was a possibility of watching a larger number of programs on a wide variety of topics. The exact lists are being clarified for each individual region that covers the federal broadcasting of CETV, but now you can connect to the most advanced television, which improves its services every season.
To watch free over-the-air channels in the Moscow region, you will need to purchase and install an individual UHF antenna. Home TV must certainly be equipped with a DVB-T2 digital tuner (digital TV standard). For older models, you need to buy a set-top box that supports MPEG 4 video signal compression, as well as Multiple PLP mode. After this, it’s enough to professionally connect the equipment and set up on-air DVB-T2 channels that are broadcast from the Ostankino TV tower. The coverage area today is almost 95% of the Moscow region.
The ordered list of TV channel frequencies is designed to make setup as easy as possible, including older non-HD TV models. Today open digital channels are broadcast without subscription fee, in addition to the first, the second and third multiplexes were launched with the ability to view 10 programs in each, now there are already 20 of them. It is worth remembering that the equipment of the first generation of the DVB-T format is not capable of supporting the new standard; it was officially disabled at the beginning of 2015. Having at your disposal an over-the-air antenna and a DVB-T2 tuner, you can easily connect a large package of news, entertainment, sports, music programs.
| The first digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| Channel logo | Name | Number | Frequency | Genre | Video format | Audio format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Sport | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| St. Petersburg - Channel 5 | 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | News | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Children's | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Public television of Russia | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | ||
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
| Second digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Religion | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| TV3 | 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Military Patriotic Channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | CIS channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
 | 24 | 498 MHz | Movies | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| Muz TV | 24 | 498 MHz | Music | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| The third multiplex of digital terrestrial TV It has not yet been officially launched, so the list of channels is displayed on a separate page with a broadcast schedule |
||||||
The information was obtained from open sources and is current as of the beginning of 2020. As the grid changes, the data will be updated.
Article 37. Erotic publications
×Law of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 1991 N 2124-1 (as amended on July 13, 2015)
"About the media"
Distribution of specialized radio and television programs of an erotic nature without signal coding is permitted only from 23:00 to 4:00 local time, unless otherwise established by the local administration.
For the purposes of this Law, a mass media specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature means a periodical publication or program that generally and systematically exploits interest in sex.
Retail sales of media products specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature are permitted only in sealed transparent packaging and in specially designated premises, the location of which is determined by the local administration.
Multiplex is a package of several digital channels broadcast on the same frequency. The number of channels in a multiplex may vary, but RTRS digital packages include 10 television channels. The first multiplex also includes three radio channels. The second multiplex broadcasts only 10 TV channels. TV channels are transmitted to standard definition SDTV. Despite the assurances of some unscrupulous marketers, the transmission of TV channels in HDTV (high-definition television) format as part of terrestrial digital broadcasting has not yet been carried out. However, the vast majority of digital set-top boxes and televisions sold on the market support the HDTV format. This means that at the moment when RTRS decides to launch broadcasting in high definition format, viewers will not need to replace or upgrade equipment to watch it.
Reception of channels from the first multiplex is available in the vast majority of populated areas in Russia. Broadcasting of the second multiplex is carried out mainly only in cities with a population of 50 thousand people or more. However, the range of many television towers in flat terrain often reaches 100 kilometers, so if you have a good antenna, both multiplexes can be received even at a considerable distance from the city. By the end of 2018, the launch of both multiplexes is announced on all RTRS towers, the number of which has already reached several thousand. Please note that peripheral towers, which are located in small settlements, broadcast only a digital signal. Often, residents of such villages do not even suspect that the TV tower is located “nearby” and even an indoor antenna and a DVB-T2 receiver are enough to receive channels.
Channels of the first and second multiplexes
The list of channels included in RTRS-1 and RTRS-2 is approved by the government of the Russian Federation and, unlike analogue television, it does not depend on the region of residence and is the same for all cities and regions of Russia.The first multiplex RTRS-1 includes the following channels: Channel One, Russia-1, Match TV, NTV, Channel Five, Russia-K, Russia-24, Karusel, OTR, TV Center.
Channels included in the second multiplex RTRS-2: RenTV, Spas, STS, Domashny, TV-3, Pyatnitsa, Zvezda, TNT, MuzTV.
The Novaya Zemlya archipelago is popularly called the “Land of the Winds” for its strong hurricanes and indomitable snowstorms. Here, in one of the most isolated corners of Russia, there are only two settlements - the administrative center with the beautiful name Belushya Guba and the village of Rogachevo. Residents are only 3 thousand people. There is practically nothing else on the islands, sandwiched in the Arctic Ocean between the Barents and Kara Seas and with an area of more than 83 thousand square kilometers. Only Arctic tundra, fjords, glaciers and polar bears.
“You can get to the mainland from here only by boat in the summer-autumn period or by plane, which is often canceled due to the peculiarities of the Arctic climate,” says local old-timer Arkady Ardanov. “And in Belushaya Guba we have a regime: because of polar bears We are often simply not allowed to leave the village.”
The main leisure and source of information here, as in hundreds of other hard-to-reach, remote or simply sparsely populated areas of Russia, is television. Until recently, residents of the archipelago watched only three analogue TV channels and listened to programs from one radio station. However, today each of the 3 thousand television viewers of Novaya Zemlya already receives ten television channels and three radio stations in digital quality and absolutely free.
Digitalization of television and radio broadcasting will allow the development of a unified information space countries and improve the quality of life of the population
In the village of Amderma Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located far beyond the Arctic Circle, the situation was not much different. Just a couple of months ago, villagers, many of whom were pensioners, watched at best only two TV channels. And today they have a choice of ten digital TV channels in excellent quality.
But in the remote villages of Lebedinki and Peshkovo in the Novosibirsk region there is not even cellular communications, and modern digital television without a subscription fee and any coding is available.
Information inequality - fight
Just some five or six years ago, hundreds of Russian settlements were practically excluded from the country’s information space. Almost half of Russian residents received no more than four analogue TV channels. The number of available sources of information directly depended on where a particular TV viewer lived: residents of large cities could choose from different TV channels, while residents of small settlements had to be content with one or two TV channels. The quality of reception, by the way, left much to be desired.
The government of the Russian Federation decided to radically change the situation and in 2009 adopted the federal target program “Development of television and radio broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009-2015.” In accordance with it, the main performer - RTRS - is transferring domestic television and radio broadcasting to digital technologies. Digital terrestrial television allows you to cover the most distant and isolated areas of Russia with a signal, improve the quality of image and sound and, importantly, save frequency resources and use them in the future to expand the range of television services.
About 90% of the state program budget is allocated to the construction of a digital broadcasting network in settlements with a population of less than 100 thousand people, where 40% of the Russian population live. Digitalization of television and radio broadcasting will allow us to develop a unified information space in the country and improve the quality of life of the population. The construction of a domestic digital terrestrial television network is the only way to provide the population with affordable and high-quality television without a subscription fee.
Digitalization with an area the size of Pluto
The deployment of digital infrastructure in Russia is one of the largest and most complex television broadcasting projects in the world. Many communications and telecommunications industry professionals agreed.
Since 2009, RTRS digital terrestrial television broadcasting stations have appeared in every region of Russia. There should be a total of 4956 of them. The bulk of the stations, namely 3666, are being built from scratch. Each broadcasting facility is equipped with two digital transmitters for broadcasting packages of digital TV channels RTRS-1 (first multiplex) and RTRS-2 (second multiplex). The digital package includes 10 TV channels. The main goal of such construction is to make high-quality multi-channel television accessible to all residents of Russia.
All digital TV channels should be distributed absolutely free of charge everywhere: both in a large city and in a small one. locality. Keeping abreast of events is the right of every citizen of our country. Upon completion of the construction of a digital television network, 20 television channels will be available in digital quality to at least 98% of Russian residents.
RTRS specialists are building digital network in every corner of Russia. Work is often complicated by weather conditions, difficult transport accessibility, and even lack of infrastructure. To build some broadcasting stations, it is necessary to specially lay power lines and even build roads.
From Kaliningrad to Kamchatka
Today the situation with the availability of television is changing dramatically. For 130 million Russians, digital terrestrial television is already a reality. You just need to install a decimeter antenna and buy digital set-top box for analog TV.
The broadcast network of the RTRS-1 digital TV channel package covers almost 90% of the Russian population in 84 regions. The RTRS-2 package of digital TV channels can be watched by more than 57% of the population in 82 regions of Russia. The entire digital broadcasting network of the first multiplex was built in 37 regions of Russia. And by the end of the year, RTRS plans to complete construction in six more: Kabardino-Balkaria, Khakassia, Nizhny Novgorod, Sakhalin, Chelyabinsk regions and Stavropol Territory.
In addition, it is planned to launch regional versions of the first multiplex in each region of Russia. Local programs will appear on the TV channels "Russia 1" and "Russia 24". Today, regional news in the digital multiplex is already watched in two regions of Russia - in the Samara and Volgograd regions.
20 TV channels - that's our minimum
In accordance with the state program, RTRS is deploying broadcast networks for two packages of digital TV channels. Exactly 20 TV channels in two multiplexes is the very minimum that should be provided by the state for its citizens.
As Deputy Minister of Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation Aleksey Volin said, these 20 channels (the first and second multiplexes) must be present in all environments, regardless of how a person receives television programs: on a home antenna or on an individual one, using cable networks or a satellite operator .
Recently adopted amendments to the Law “On Media” and “On Communications” oblige all telecom operators to broadcast mandatory public television channels that are part of RTRS digital packages, without requiring any payment from their subscribers. Is it a lot or a little? A sociological study conducted by Knowledge Management Center LLC in 2014 showed that the viewing repertoire for 95% of the audience does not exceed 17 channels. Moreover, each person watches on average only 6-7 channels on a regular basis. In the vast majority of cases, these are channels that are part of two multiplexes.
Analog broadcasting continues
Despite the prevalence of digital terrestrial television, analogue broadcasting will continue as long as there is a need for it among TV viewers and broadcasters. Until 2019, all-Russian mandatory public channels will receive government subsidies for the distribution of analogue signals in cities with a population of less than 100 thousand people.
In 2006, Russia signed the Geneva 06 international agreement on digital television. In accordance with it, on June 17 of this year, in countries that ratified the agreement, priority in broadcasting moved from analogue to digital television. Was removed from analogue TV channel transmitters legal protection: they could not interfere with the digital terrestrial television signal of broadcasters of foreign countries.
Upon completion of the construction of a digital television network, 20 television channels will be available in digital quality to at least 98% of Russian residents
In order to preserve analogue broadcasting in the border regions of Russia, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Main Radio Frequency Center" has selected new broadcasting frequencies for analogue transmitters that are not compatible with digital frequency assignments of foreign countries bordering Russia. And during June, RTRS carried out large-scale work to transfer dozens of transmitters to new frequencies in order to guarantee Russian television viewers uninterrupted analogue broadcasting after the norms of the international agreement Geneva-06 came into force.
The digital infrastructure of RTRS is one of the most technologically advanced in the world. It allows you to introduce new modern views teleservices In particular, in five years Russians will be able to watch television in high definition. Again, absolutely free. According to the Decree of the President of Russia, free digital terrestrial television in HD format should appear in Russia in 2021. RTRS is already carrying out preparatory work to organize pilot HDTV zones in a number of large Russian cities. In the future, RTRS plans to begin developing UHDTV, that is, ultra-high definition television.
The information and explanatory campaign is carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.
About "digital" in numbers
- Residents of Kursk were the first to watch digital terrestrial television. "Digital" was included there on June 26, 2009 at 13:00
- The Federal Target Program for the Development of Television and Radio Broadcasting is 686 thousand volumes (120 tons) of developed documentation and 300 thousand various certificates and approvals
- The total height of antenna mast structures of all digital broadcasting facilities is 258 kilometers
- The tallest TV tower of RTRS and also the tallest building in Europe is Ostankino. Its height is 540 meters. 80% of the installed equipment is domestically produced.
Composition of multiplexes rtrs-1 and rtrs-2
The first multiplex was formed from 10 all-Russian mandatory public television channels, determined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation. These are Channel One, Russia 1, Russia 2, NTV, Petersburg-5 Channel, Russia K, Russia 24, Karusel, Public Television of Russia and TV Center.
The second multiplex includes 10 popular TV channels that passed the competitive selection of the Federal Competition Commission for Television and Radio Broadcasting. Multiplex RTRS-2 includes TV channels "REN TV", "Spas", STS, "Domashny", TV-3, "NTV Plus Sport", "Zvezda", "Mir", TNT and "Muz TV".
All digital TV channels are broadcast in open access and no monthly fee.
DVB-T2 standard
All digital TV channels are broadcast in the DVB-T2 standard. This is the second generation European standard digital broadcasting. Among its advantages are an increase in the number of channels in the broadcast package, the possibility of organizing regional tie-ins, and the possibility of developing high-definition television.
Connecting to digital
Connecting to digital does not require special knowledge. All you need is a UHF antenna (collective or individual), a TV with a DVB-T2 tuner or an analog TV, to which you need to connect a digital terrestrial receiver (set-top box).
Available at retail Russian market More than 1000 models of TVs and more than 100 models of set-top boxes are presented that support the DVB-T2 standard in the Multiple PLP mode and the MPEG-4 video encoding format.
We kindly ask you to be vigilant and when purchasing a TV or set-top box, make sure that they support the DVB-T2 standard!
For questions about how to connect digital terrestrial television, please contact toll free number unified" hotline" 8-800-220-2002 or to the Centers for consulting support of the population on issues of digital terrestrial television, opened by RTRS in the administrative centers of 77 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Attention! Consulting support centers do not sell equipment.
The table shows the channels that can be received from the Ostankino TV tower in Moscow and the Moscow region. The list is divided into two groups - digital DVB-T2 and terrestrial analogue. Operating frequencies, numbers, characteristics are indicated. All federal channels are broadcast free of charge. Coded or paid services not yet provided. Packet distribution digital programs goes to multiplexes, each with 10 channels, 20 are already running normally and the third multiplex is being tested. First and Russia 1 go as high resolution HD. Breaks in broadcasting are regulated by the prevention schedule. Search and configuration are possible in automatic or manual mode. Most apartment buildings are connected cable TV and in the general list you will find only the list provided by the operator. In this case, for reception, you will need an external or internal independent antenna.
| The first digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| Channel logo | Name | Number | Frequency | Genre | Video format | Audio format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Sport | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| St. Petersburg - Channel 5 | 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | News | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Children's | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Public television of Russia | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
| Second digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Religion | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| TV3 | 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Military Patriotic Channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | CIS channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Movies | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| Muz TV | 24 | 498 MHz | Music | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| The third multiplex of digital terrestrial TV It has not yet been officially launched, so the list of channels is displayed on a separate page with a broadcast schedule |
||||||
In the analog range, the number of conventional channels is less and it is planned to turn them off in accordance with official program development government digital television.
The information was obtained from open sources and is current as of the beginning of 2020. As the grid changes, the data will be updated.
Article 37. Erotic publications
×Law of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 1991 N 2124-1 (as amended on July 13, 2015)
"About the media"
Distribution of specialized radio and television programs of an erotic nature without signal coding is permitted only from 23:00 to 4:00 local time, unless otherwise established by the local administration.
For the purposes of this Law, a mass media specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature means a periodical publication or program that generally and systematically exploits interest in sex.
Retail sales of media products specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature are permitted only in sealed transparent packaging and in specially designated premises, the location of which is determined by the local administration.
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