Name: Charging device. Issue 1: Information review for car enthusiasts

The year of publishing: Moscow, 2005

Number of pages: 192

Description: This guide contains information about various chargers. The material is systematized in such a way that the reader can ensure competent operation, use, repair and even the manufacture of chargers at home. The book also presents circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards for industrial chargers. Private developments will help car enthusiasts improve and modernize existing industrial devices, manufacture one of the proposed options, or, based on a huge number of circuit solutions, assemble their own original device, combining their favorite components and blocks from several proposed chargers. The book will be useful to a wide range of motorists and radio amateurs, as well as workers in repair services and factories producing electrical equipment for cars.

Section number	Section title	Number of pages
	Abbreviations adopted in the reference book
	Introduction
	VEHICLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
	General information
	CHARGING DEVICE
	General information
	Chargers working according to Woodbridge's law
	Battery charging rectifier
	Semiconductor rectifiers “VPM” and “VPA” types
	Charger
	Rectifier for charging batteries “VA-2”
	Charging rectifier “VZU”
	Charger “UZ-S-12-6.3”
	Rectifier device “VU-71M”
	Charger “VZA-10-69-U2”
	Universal Charger“UZU”
	Charger “Charge-2”
	Multi-purpose power supply device “Cascade-2”
	Rectifier devices type “VSA”
	Modernization of simple chargers
	Chargers with incandescent lamps
	Voltage stabilizer charger
	Toroid charger from LATR-2
	Regulated power supply for automotive electrical repair and battery charging
	Source for repairing automotive electrical equipment and charging batteries
	Charger for starter batteries
	Simple thyristor charger
	Powerful laboratory power supply for electrical repair and battery charging
	Low power charger
	Universal rectifiers for battery charging with electronic regulation
	Charger
	Simple charger for TS-200
	Charger-recovery device
	Charger
	Desulfating charger
	Recharger “Electronics-AVS”
	Automatic charger
	Automatic battery charging machine
	Simple automatic charger
	Charger with electronic protection
	Automatic device for charging car batteries
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Charger
	Charger and power supply with extended operational capabilities
	Automatic attachment for charger
	Refinement of the charger
	Automatic battery charger “PAA-12/6”
	Charger with a quenching capacitor in the primary circuit
	Charger
	Charger
	Simple charger
	Charger option
	Simple charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic battery charger
	Charger
	Charger for battery
	Automatic car battery charger
	Battery charger
	A device for charging batteries with “asymmetrical” current
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Charger-rectifier device “Velvet”
	Automatic chargers with incandescent lamps
	Charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic charger
	Automatic battery recharging machine
	Electrical measuring instruments of the magnetoelectric system
	Literature

This guide contains information about various chargers. The material is systematized in such a way that the reader can ensure competent operation, use, repair and even the manufacture of chargers at home. The book also presents circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards of industrial chargers. Private developments will help car enthusiasts improve and modernize existing industrial devices, manufacture one of the proposed options, or, based on a huge number of circuit solutions, assemble their own original device, combining their favorite components and blocks from several proposed chargers. The book will be useful to a wide range of motorists and radio amateurs, as well as workers in repair services and factories that manufacture electrical equipment for cars.

CONTENT:]
Introduction
1. Vehicle power supply system
1.1. General information
2. Chargers
2.1. General information
2.2. Chargers working according to Woodbridge's law
2.2.1. Battery charging rectifier
2.2.2. Automatic charger
2.3. Semiconductor rectifiers "VPM" and "VPA" types
2.4. Charger
2.5. Rectifier for charging batteries "VA-2"
2.6. Charging rectifier "VZU"
2.7. Charger "UZ-S-12-6.3"
2.8. Rectifier device "VU-71M"
2.9. Charger "VZA-10-69-U2"
2.10. Universal charger "UZU"
2.11. Charger "Charge-2"
2.12. Multi-purpose power supply device "Cascade-2"
2.13. Rectifier devices type "VSL"
2.14. Modernization of simple chargers
2.15. Chargers with incandescent lamps
2.16. Charger - voltage stabilizer
2.17. Toroid charger from LATR-2
2.18. Regulated power supply for automotive electrical repair and battery charging
2.19. Source for repairing automotive electrical equipment and charging batteries
2.20. Charger for starter batteries
2.21. Simple thyristor charger
2.22. Powerful laboratory power supply for electrical repair and battery charging
2.23. Low power charger
2.24. Universal rectifiers for battery charging with electronic regulation
2.25. Charger
2.26. Simple charger for TS-200
2.27. Charger-recovery device
2.28. Charger
2.29. Desulfating charger
2.30. Recharger "Electronics-LAN"
2.31. Automatic charger
2.32. Automatic battery charging machine
2.33. Simple automatic charger
2.34. Charger with electronic protection
2.35. Automatic device for charging car batteries
2.36. Automatic charger
2.37. Automatic charger
2.38. Automatic charger
2.39. Automatic charger
2.40. Charger
2.41. Charger and power supply device with expanded operational capabilities
2.42. Automatic attachment for charger
2.43. Refinement of the charger
2.44. Automatic battery charger "PAA-12/6"
2.45. Charger with a quenching capacitor in the primary circuit
2.46. Charger
2.47. Charger
2.48. Simple charger
2.49. Charger option
2.50. Simple charger
2.51. Automatic charger
2.52. Automatic charger
2.53. Automatic battery charger
2.54. Charger
2.55. Charger for battery
2.56. Automatic car battery charger
2.57. Battery charger
2.58. Device for charging batteries with "asymmetric" current
2.59. Automatic charger
2.60. Automatic charger
2.61. Charger-rectifier device "Velvet"
2.62. Automatic chargers with incandescent lamps
2.63. Charger
2.64. Automatic charger
2.65. Automatic charger
2.66. Automatic battery recharging machine
3. Electrical measuring instruments of the magnetoelectric system
Literature

A selection of reference books from the series " Autoelectronics"contains data on various instruments and devices used to test the electrical equipment of a car. Schematic diagrams and printed circuit boards of chargers and start-chargers, and their descriptions are provided.

Information review for car enthusiasts, contents:

Charging device. Issue 1: Information review for car enthusiasts.
M.: NT Press, 2005. -192 p.: ill. - (Autoelectronics)
ISBN 5-477-00101-1

The book also presents circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards of industrial chargers. Private developments will help car enthusiasts improve and modernize existing industrial devices, manufacture one of the proposed options, or, based on a huge number of circuit solutions, assemble their own original device, combining their favorite components and blocks from several proposed chargers.

The book will be useful to a wide range of motorists and radio amateurs, as well as repair service workers.

Introduction

1.1. General information

2. Charging device
2.1. General information
2.2. Chargers working according to Woodbridge's law
2.2.1. Battery charging rectifier
2.2.2. Automatic charger
2.3. Semiconductor rectifiers "VPM" and "VPA" types
2.4. Charger
2.5. Rectifier for charging batteries "VA-2"
2.6. Charging rectifier "VZU"
2.7. Charger "UZ-S-12-6.3"
2.8. Rectifier device "VU-71M"
2.9. Charger "VZA-10-69-U2".
2.10. Universal charger "UZU"
2.11. Charger "Charge-2"
2.12. Multi-purpose power supply device "Cascade-2"
2.13. Rectifier devices type "VSA"
2.14. Modernization of simple chargers
2.15. Chargers with incandescent lamps
2.16. Charger - voltage stabilizer
2.17. Toroid charger from LATR-2
2.18. Regulated power supply for automotive electrical repair and battery charging
2.19. Source for repairing automotive electrical equipment and charging batteries
2.20. Charger for starter batteries
2.21. Simple thyristor charger
2.22. Powerful laboratory power supply for repairing electrical equipment and charging batteries...
2.23. Low power charger
2.24. Universal rectifiers for battery charging with electronic regulation
2.25. Charger
2.26. Simple charger for TS-200
2.27. Charger-recovery device
2.28. Charger
2.29. Desulfating charger
2.30. Recharger "Electronics-AVS"
2.31. Automatic charger
2.32. Automatic battery charging machine
2.33. Simple automatic charger
2.34. Charger with electronic protection

Chargers and starting chargers. Issue 2: Information review for car enthusiasts
Comp. A. G. Khodasevich, T. I. Khodasevich
M.: NT Press, 2005.-192 p.: ill.-(Autoelectronics).
ISBN 5-477-00102-Х

This guide contains information about various chargers. The material is systematized in such a way that the reader can ensure competent operation, use, repair and even the manufacture of chargers at home.
The book also presents circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards of industrial chargers. Private developments will help car enthusiasts improve and modernize existing industrial devices, manufacture one of the proposed options, or, based on a huge number of circuit solutions, assemble their own original device, combining their favorite components and blocks from several proposed chargers.

The book will be useful to a wide range of motorists and radio amateurs, as well as repair service workers

Introduction

1. Vehicle power supply system
1.1. General information

2. Charging device
2.1. General information
2.2. Automatic device for AB car radio..
2.3. Timer for backup battery charger
2.4. Automatic recharging device "1P-12/6-UZ"
2.5. Automatic recharger "Iskra"
2.6. Charger "Kedr-M"
2.7. Charger "Kedr-Auto 4A" and "Kedr-Auto 12V"
2.8. Charger "Electronics" UZS-P-12-6.3
2.9. Charger "Electronics" UZ-A-6/12-6.3
2.10. Charger "Electronics" UZ-A-6/12-7.5
2.11. Charger-discharge device
2.12. Charging and desulfating automatic machine for car batteries
2.13. Device for charging and forming batteries
2.14. Automatic device for charging and restoring batteries
2.15. Device for automatic battery training
2.16. Automatic charger
2.17. Charger to extend battery life.
2.18. Simple automatic charger
2.19. Automatic attachment for charger
2.20. Low power charger
2.21. Dual-mode charger-discharge device
2.22. Automatic charger attachment
2.23. Charging and recovery device "UV31"
2.24. Pulse charger
2.25. Pulse charger
2.26. Pulse block power supply based on PSU PC
2.27. Charge meter
2.28. Capacitor voltage converter with current multiplication
2.29. DC source "B5-21"
2.30. Adjustable stabilizer current
2.31. Adjustable voltage regulator with current limitation
2.32. Laboratory power supply with adjustable current limiting

3. Starting and starting-chargers
3.1. Launching devices based on LATR
3.2. Charging and starting device "UZP-S-6.3/100"
3.3. Automatic charger and starter for car battery

Devices and instruments for testing and monitoring electrical equipment of automobiles. Issue 3: Information review for car enthusiasts
Comp. A. G. Khodasevich, T. I. Khodasevich
M.: NT Press, 2005. -208 p.: ill. - (Autoelectronics).
ISBN 5-477-00103-8

This handbook contains data on various instruments and devices used to test vehicle electrical equipment. The material is systematized in such a way that the reader can ensure competent operation, use, repair and even manufacture of devices at home.
The book contains circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards electronic products used to test electrical equipment of cars.
The book will be useful to a wide range of motorists and radio amateurs, as well as workers in repair services and factories producing electrical equipment for cars.

Introduction

Designation system for electrical equipment used in the automotive industry
Equipment for monitoring the technical condition of electrical equipment of automobiles

1. Portable pointer instruments for technical control
condition of electrical equipment of cars
1.1. High voltage circuit health indicator
ignition and spark plug systems
1.2. Spark plug service indicator
1.3. Spark plug service indicator "Search-1"
1.4. Car enthusiast's device from a voltmeter
1.5. Universal device for car enthusiasts
1.6. Car diagnostic device
1.7. Car tester
1.8. Driver tester
1.9. Autotester
1.10. Portable device "Avtotester AT"
1.11. Autotester "A-G"
1.12. Combination device "Autotester AT-1M"
1.13. Car enthusiast's device "KPA-1".
1.14. Car enthusiast's device
1.15. A simple device for a car enthusiast
1.16. The simplest angle meter
1.17. Car enthusiast's device "PA-1"
1.18. Car enthusiast device "TOR-01"
1.19. Car enthusiast's device "ШП6"
1.20. Combination device Ts4328
1.21. Combination device 43102
1.22. Combination device 43102-M2

2. Instruments for testing generator and starter armatures
2.1. Model E236
2.2. Model E202
2.3. PYA model 533

3. Digital multimeter attachments
3.1. Multimeter - car tachometer
3.2. Angle meter ZSK - attachment to a multimeter.
3.3. Digital multimeter attachment

4. Devices for monitoring electrical equipment
4.1. On-board indicator of ZSK angle deviation
4.2. Mixture quality indicator "IKS-1"

Literature

Title: A selection of reference books from the "Autoelectronics" series
Authors: A. G. Khodasevich, T. I. Khodasevich
Year: 2005
Format: DjVu
Number of pages: 192+192+208
Quality: excellent
Russian language
Size: 12.1 MB (+3% east)

Download A selection of reference books from the "Autoelectronics" series

On a long hiking trip (on foot or by bicycle) you cannot do without lighting. There are not enough flashlights that can be recharged from the mains for a long time, and tourist routes pass mainly in places where there are no power lines. A charger will help solve this problem. device"Tourist". To do this, you need to remove small-sized D-0.25 type batteries from two flashlights and plug them into the charger device. 1...

Charger for small cells

Power supply Charger device for small-sized elements V. BONDAREV, A. RUKAVISHNIKOV Moscow Small-sized elements STs-21, STs-31 and others are used, for example, in modern electronic wristwatch. To recharge them and partially restore their functionality, and therefore extend their service life, you can use the proposed charger device(Fig. 1). It provides a charging current of 12 mA, sufficient to “update” the element 1.5...3 hours after connecting to the device. rice. 1 A rectifier is made on the diode matrix VD1, to which the mains voltage is supplied through the limiting resistor R1 and capacitor C1. Resistor R2 helps discharge the capacitor after disconnecting the device from the network. At the output of the rectifier there is a smoothing capacitor C2 and a zener diode VD2, which limits the rectified voltage at 6.8 V. This is followed by a charging current source made on resistors R3, R4 and transistors VT1-VT3, and a charging end indicator consisting of a transistor VT4 and an LED HL). As soon as the voltage on the charged element increases to 2.2 V, part of the collector current of transistor VT3 will flow through the indication circuit. The HL1 LED will light up and signal the end of the charging cycle. Instead of transistors VT1, VT2, you can use two diodes connected in series with a forward voltage of 0.6 V and a reverse voltage of more than 20 V each, instead of VT4 - one such diode, and instead of a diode matrix - any diodes with a reverse voltage of at least 20 V and rectified current more than 15 mA. The LED can be any other type, with a constant forward voltage of approximately 1.6 V. Capacitor C1 is paper, with a rated voltage of at least 400 V, oxide capacitor C2-K73-17 (you can use K50-6 for a voltage of at least 15 V). The device parts are mounted on a printed circuit board (Fig. 2), which is placed in a polystyrene housing. The housing has an XP1 power plug and contacts for connecting the element. (Radio...)1...

CHARGER FOR CAR BATTERIES

Automotive electronics CHARGER FOR CAR BATTERIES K. SELYUGIN, Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Territory. Acid batteries “don’t like being left idle for long periods of time.” Deep self-discharge can be destructive for them. If the car is parked for a long time, then a problem arises: what to do with the battery. It is either given to someone to work with or sold, which is equally inconvenient. I suggest quite simple device, which can serve both for charging batteries and for long-term storage in working condition. From the secondary winding of transformer T1, the current in which is limited by being connected in series with the primary winding of the ballast capacitor (C1 or C1 + C2), the current is supplied to the diode-thyristor bridge, the load of which is the battery (GB1). An automotive 14 V generator voltage regulator (GVR) of any type, intended for generators with a grounded brush, is used as a regulating element. I have tested a regulator of type 121.3702 and an integral one -Y112A. When using an “integral”, terminals “B” and “C” are connected together with “+” GB1. Terminal "Ш" is connected to the circuit of thyristor control electrodes. Thus, the battery maintains a voltage of 14V at a charging current determined by the capacitance of capacitor C2, which is approximately calculated by the formula: where Iз is the charging current (A), U2 is the voltage of the secondary winding when the transformer is “normally” turned on (B), U1 is mains voltage. Transformer - any, with a power of 150...250 VA, with a voltage on the secondary winding of 20...36 V. Bridge diodes - any with a rated current of at least 10 A. Thyristors - KU202 V, G, etc. S1 is used to switch between charging and storage modes. The charging current is selected equal to 0.1 of the numerical value of the battery capacity, and the storage current is 1...1.5A. If there is a possibility, then periodically, approximately once every two weeks, it is advisable to discharge the battery with a current of 2Iz while monitoring the temperature of the electrolyte. Settings device prak1...

Charger for 3-6 volt batteries

Suggested Charger device designed for charging with a stable current primarily mining batteries, popularly called “horse racers”. The self-discharge of these batteries is very high. This means that within a month, even without a load, that same battery needs to be charged. The device can be easily modified to charge 12-volt batteries; it is also suitable (without modification) for charging 6-volt batteries. The charger circuit is very simple (see picture). The rectifier and transformer are not shown in the diagram. The secondary winding provides a load current of more than 3 A at a voltage of 12 V. Bridge rectifier with D242A diodes, filter capacitor - 2000 μFx50 V (K50-6). Field-effect transistor type KP302B (2P302B, KP302BM) with an initial drain current of 20-30 mA. Zener diode VD1 type D818 (D809). Transistor type KT825 with any letter. It can be replaced by a Darlington circuit, for example, KT818A and KT814A, etc. Resistor R1 type MLT-0.25; resistor R2 type PPZ-14, but completely suitable with graphite coating; R3 - wire (nichrome - 0.056 Ohm/cm). Transistor VT2 is placed on a finned heat sink with a cooling surface of approximately 700 cm. Electrolytic capacitor C1 of any type. Structurally, the circuit is made on a printed circuit board located near the transistor VT2. To charge 12-volt batteries, you should consider the possibility of an increase of 6 V in the alternating voltage on the secondary winding of the charger's network transistor. This circuit was used in the same way as an attachment to a power supply (an unstabilized voltage source would also work). The advantage of this circuit is that it is not afraid of short circuits at the output, since it is actually a stable current generator. The magnitude of this current depends primarily on the bias that is set to the variable resistors R2. The circuit is similar to connection with a common base in power amplifiers audio frequencies. Sometimes transistors like KT825 go into generation mode. Therefore, with a long conductor leading from the base of transistor VT2 to the slider of resistor R2, you should turn on an additional resistor with a resistance of up to 1 kOhm. It is soldered directly to the base tap of transistor VT2. A.G.Zyzyuk, Lutsk. 1...

Automatic charger for Ni-Cd batteries

Power supply Automatic charger device for Ni-Cd batteries Huynh Trung Hung, Paris, France Although there are many ways to effectively charge nickel-cadmium (rechargeable) batteries, the described circuit is unique in that it combines almost all of their advantages. So, it generates a constant charging current, the role of which can lie in the range of 0.4-1.0 A. The circuit can operate either from a 220 V AC network or from a 12 V battery. The rechargeable battery is protected from overcharging by automatically switching off the circuit when it reaches given level battery voltage. Moreover, that same level can be adjusted. Finally, the circuit is inexpensive and short-circuit proof. If the battery is discharged, the voltage at the inverting input of the operational amplifier U1 will be lower than the voltage at the non-inverting input, set by potentiometer R1 (see figure). As a result, the output voltage of U1 will be approximately equal to the positive supply voltage, which will turn on the transistor Q1, as well as the transistor Q2, which will operate as a constant charging current generator. The level of this current can be found from the ratio (Vd-Vbe)/R6, where Vd is the voltage between its base and emitter. This current, flowing further through diode D8, charges the Ni-Cd battery. At the same time, LED D7 will glow, thereby indicating the progress of the charging process and serving as an indicator of the operating mode. As the battery charges, the voltage across it increases, which causes the voltage at the inverting input U1 to increase until it equals Vin. At that very moment, the output voltage of U1 drops to ground potential, and transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned off, thereby preventing the battery from overcharging. The specified maximum output voltage level, Vout, can be calculated from the ratio Vout=Vin(R7+R8)/R8. With the given values ​​of the components, the circuit produces a charging current of 400 mA, which can be changed by selecting R6 until a maximum value of 1 A is reached. The specified charging voltage level should be set with the battery disconnected. Diode D8 prevents reverse discharge in the event of a mains or 12V power supply failure. For a 7.2-V Ni-Cd battery, the specified role is 1...

Miner's flashlight charger

This charger device(charger) is designed to charge batteries with a capacity of up to 10 Ah. The “heart” of the device is the integrated voltage stabilizer DA1 and transistors VT1 and VT2, forming a current generator. The current is set by resistors R3 and R4. Switch SA1 can be used to change the current value (1 or 0.08 A). At the indicated position of SA1, a current of 1 A is set, which is a charging current (0.1 of the capacity), and 0.08 A is a recharging current for a 10 Ah battery. VT3 and VT4 together with HL2 and HL3 form indication circuits for the corresponding mode. Details. Diodes - KD202 or any other medium power. Instead of KT817 you can install KT815, KT604; instead of KT805A - KT805AM, BM or any others p-p-p powerful transistors. Transformer - any with a secondary winding of 15...18 V, designed for a current of 2...4 A. VT2 must be installed on the radiator. Setting up. Instead of a battery, connect an ammeter to the GB1 terminals and select R1 and R2 until the desired current value is obtained. I.SAGIDOV, village Shchara, Dagestan, 1...

MPEG4 player charger repair

After two months of use, the “nameless” charger failed device to your pocket MPEG4/MP3/WMA player. Of course, there was no schematic for it, so I had to draw it up from the circuit board. The numbering of the active elements on it (Fig. 1) is conditional, the rest correspond to the inscriptions on the printed circuit board. The voltage converter unit is implemented on a low-power high-voltage transistor VT1 type MJE13001, the output voltage stabilization unit is made on a transistor VT2 and an optocoupler VU1. In addition, transistor VT2 protects VT1 from overload. Transistor VT3 is designed to indicate the end of battery charging. Upon inspection of the product, it turned out that transistor VT1 “went to a break”, and VT2 was broken. Resistor R1 also burned out. Troubleshooting took no more than 15 minutes. But with proper repair of any radio-electronic product, it is usually not enough to just eliminate faults; you also need to find out the reasons for their occurrence so that this does not happen again. As it turned out, during the operation of the charger, moreover, with the load turned off and the case open, transistor VT1, made in the TO-92 case, heated up to a temperature of approximately 90 ° C. Since there were no more powerful transistors nearby that could replace the MJE13001, I decided to glue a small heatsink to it. A photograph of the charger is shown in Fig. 2. A duralumin radiator with dimensions of 37x15x1 mm is glued to the transistor body using Radial teleconductive glue. The same glue can be used to glue the radiator to the circuit board. With the heat sink, the temperature of the transistor body dropped to 45...50°C. The reason for the initially strong heating of transistor VT1. Perhaps it lies in the “simplification” when assembling its damper circuit. The drawing and topology of the printed circuit board give reason to believe that instead of a resistor R10 with a resistance of 100 kOhm, there should be two capacitors and a diode in the collector circuit of transistor VT1. This is a charger device at idle, it consumes approximately 3.5 mA from a 220 V network. and with a load current of 200 mA - approximately 18 mA. After simple calculations, it is clear that its efficiency is approximately 25%. Properly designed low power line1...

Charger for sealed lead acid batteries

Many of us use imported lanterns and lamps for lighting in case of power outages. The power source in them is sealed lead-acid batteries of small capacity, for charging which they use built-in primitive chargers that do not provide normal operation. As a result, battery life is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to use more advanced chargers that eliminate possible overcharging of the battery. The vast majority of industrial chargers are designed for operation in conjunction with car batteries, so their use for charging low-capacity batteries is impractical. The use of specialized imported microcircuits is not economically profitable, since the price(s) of such a microcircuit is sometimes several times higher than the price(s) of the battery itself. The author offers his own version of a charger for such batteries. The power released by these resistors is P = R.Izar2 = 7.5. 0.16 = 1.2 W. To reduce the degree of heating in the charger, two 15 Ohm resistors with a power of 2 W are used, connected in parallel. Let's calculate the resistance of resistor R9: R9=Urev VT2. R10/(Icharge R - Urev VT2)=0.6. 200/(0.4 . 7.5 - 0.6) = 50 Ohm. We select a resistor with the closest resistance to the calculated resistance of 51 Ohms. The device uses imported oxide capacitors Relay JZC-20F with an operating voltage of 12 V. You can use another relay available, but in this case you will have to adjust printed circuit board. Diodes 1N4007 (VD1 - VD5) are replaceable with any that can withstand a current of at least twice the charging current. The transistors indicated in the diagram can be replaced with any of the KT503 (VTI) and KT3I02 (VT2) series. Instead of the KR142EN12A microcircuit, you can use the imported analogue LM317T. In any case, it must be placed on a heat sink, the area of ​​which depends on the charging current, the voltage on the capacitor C1 and AB. The author's version uses a heat sink measuring 60x80 mm. Transformer T1 must provide an alternating voltage of 14...17 V on the secondary winding at a load current of approximately 0.5 A. It is possible to use a transformer with a higher output voltage, 1...

Vintage charger

Recently I managed to run inside a small box made (according to the inscriptions on the parts) around 1970. It was a working charger for the 6-volt battery of the IZH-Jupiter motorcycle (see picture)! Why did the memory survive, because there are many schemes from the 80-90s. Did the production burn out a long time ago? Power transformer T1 is switched on “classically” - with the mains voltage switch S1. The secondary winding T1 is tapped from the middle and is connected to a full-wave rectifier using selenium rectifier diodes VD1,2. The common point of the diodes (the “minus” output) is connected to the housing, so the rectifier washers are fixed directly to the metal housing, which significantly facilitates their thermal regime. Note that selenium washers after overload could “heal” areas of overheating, which is not typical for modern semiconductors. After the rectifier diodes, a chain of wire resistances is connected, wound on two-watt resistances of the BC type. It was this innovation that protected the charger from failure during short circuits and polarity reversals that were inevitable in operation! The rectified current passes through resistor R1 and the NI signal lamp connected in parallel with it. Next, resistor R2 is included in the positive wire circuit, which can be bypassed by switch S2. When charging a battery of batteries (6 V), S2 must be closed and the current is limited only by resistor R1. When charging one battery cell (2 V), switch S2 breaks the shunt circuit and the current is limited by two series-connected resistors R1 and R2. This mode of operation allows each component of the battery to be "brought up" to its rated charge (previously, batteries had accessible terminals for each element), which helped increase battery life. In both modes, the NI lamp indicates the passage of current, this allows you to diagnose the quality of contacts or the lack of voltage in a power outlet without an ammeter. This memory scheme is an intermediate link between combustible ("scoop") and reliable designs. It was apparently created after Khrushchev’s “thaw”. For what reasons did they later begin to multiply designs of memory devices without limiting elements after the rectifier (such circuits were damaged both when the output was short-circuited and when the polarity was reversed, moreover, without being connected to the electrical network)?! The reasons were not only economic (to sell a large...

CHARGER FOR STARTER BATTERIES

Automotive electronics CHARGER FOR STARTER BATTERIES The simplest charger device for automobile and motorcycle batteries, as a rule, it consists of a step-down transformer and a full-wave rectifier connected to its secondary winding. A powerful rheostat is connected in series with the battery to set the required charging current. However, this design turns out to be very cumbersome and excessively energy-intensive, and other methods of regulating the charging current usually complicate it significantly. In industrial chargers, KU202G thyristors are sometimes used to rectify the charging current and change its value. It should be noted here that the direct voltage on the switched-on thyristors at a high charging current can reach 1.5 V. Because of this, they become very hot, and according to the passport, the temperature of the thyristor body should not exceed +85°C. In such devices, it is necessary to take measures to limit and temperature stabilize the charging current, which leads to their further complexity and cost. The relatively simple charger described below device has wide limits for regulating the charging current - practically from zero to 10 A - and can be used to charge various starter batteries of 12 V batteries. The device (see diagram) is based on a triac regulator, published in, with an additionally introduced low-power diode bridge VD1 - VD4 and resistors R3 and R5. After connecting the device to the network at its positive half-cycle (plus on the top wire in the diagram), capacitor C2 begins to charge through resistor R3, diode VD1 and series-connected resistors R1 and R2. With a negative half-cycle of the network, the same capacitor is charged through the same resistors R2 and R1, diode VD2 and resistor R5. In both cases, the capacitor is charged to the same voltage, only the charging polarity changes. As soon as the voltage on the capacitor reaches the ignition threshold of the neon lamp HL1, it lights up and the capacitor is quickly discharged through the lamp and the control electrode of the smistor VS1. In this case, the triac opens. At the end of the half-cycle, the triac closes. The described process is repeated in every half-cycle 1...

REGENERATION OF GALVANIC CELLS AND BATTERIES

Power supply REGENERATION OF GALVANIC CELLS AND BATTERIES I. ALIMOV Amur region. The idea of ​​restoring discharged galvanic cells like batteries is not new. Cells are restored using special chargers. It has been practically established that the most common cup-type manganese-zinc cells and batteries, such as 3336L (KBS-L-0.5), 3336X (KBS-X-0.7), 373, 336, can be regenerated better than others. manganese-zinc batteries "Krona VTs", BASG and others. The best way to regenerate chemical power sources is to pass through them an asymmetrical alternating current having a positive direct component. The simplest source of asymmetric current is a half-wave rectifier using a diode shunted by a resistor. The rectifier is connected to the secondary low-voltage (5-10 V) winding of a step-down transformer powered by an alternating current network. However, such a charger device has a low efficiency - approximately 10% and, in addition, the battery being charged can be discharged if the voltage supplying the transformer is accidentally turned off. Better results can be achieved if you use a charger device, made according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1. In this device, the secondary winding II powers two separate rectifiers on diodes D1 and D2, to the outputs of which two rechargeable batteries B1 and B2 are connected. rice. 1 Capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel with diodes D1 and D2. In Fig. Figure 2 shows an oscillogram of the current passing through the battery. The shaded portion of the period is the hour during which pulses of discharge current flow through the battery. rice. 2 These pulses obviously have a special effect on the course of electrochemical processes in the active materials of galvanic cells. The processes occurring in this case have not yet been sufficiently studied and there are no descriptions of them in the popular literature. In the absence of discharge current pulses (which happens when a capacitor connected in parallel with the diode is disconnected), the regeneration of the elements practically stopped. Experienced1...

Jump Charger

Starting a car engine with a worn-out battery in winter takes a lot of time. The density of the electrolyte after long-term storage decreases significantly; the appearance of coarse-crystalline sulfation increases the internal resistance of the battery, reducing its starting current. In addition, in winter, the viscosity of engine oil increases, which requires more starting power from the starting current source. There are several ways out of this situation: - heat the oil in the crankcase; - “light up” from another car with a good battery; - push start; - expect warming. - use a starter charger device(ROM). The latter option is most preferable when storing the car in a paid parking lot or in a garage where there is a network connection. In addition. The ROM will not only allow you to start the car, but also quickly recreate and charge more than one battery. In most industrial ROMs, the starting battery is recharged from a low-power power supply (rated current 3...5 A), which is not enough to directly draw current from the car starter. Although the capacity of the ROM's internal starter batteries is very large (up to 240 Ah), after several starts they they still “sit down”, and it is impossible to quickly recreate their charge. The mass of such a block exceeds 200 kg, so it is not easy to roll it to the car even with two people. Starting charging and recovery device(PZVU), proposed by the Laboratory of Automation and Telemechanics of the Irkutsk Center for Technical Creativity of Youth, differs from the factory prototype in its low weight and automatically maintains the operating condition of the battery, regardless of storage time and time of use. Even in the absence of an internal battery, the PPVU is capable of briefly delivering a starting current of up to 100 A. The regeneration mode is an alternation of equal-time current pulses and pauses, which speeds up the restoration of the plates and reduces the temperature of the electrolyte with a decrease in the release of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen into the atmosphere. The starting charger circuit (Fig. 1) consists of a triac voltage regulator (VS1). power transformer(T1), a rectifier with powerful diodes (VD3, VD4) and a starter battery (GB1). The buffer charging current is set by the current regulator on the triac VS1, the current of which, depending on the capacity of the battery1...

Application of an integral timer for automatic voltage control

Power supply Application of an integral timer for automatic voltage control when charging batteries McGowan Stoelting Co. (Chicago, IL) Based on the 555 integrated timer, you can assemble an automatic charger device for batteries. The purpose of such a charger is to maintain a fully charged backup battery for powering any measuring device. Such a battery remains connected to the AC mains at all times, regardless of whether it is being used or not. this moment to power the device or not. The automatic charger of the integrated timer circuit uses both comparators, a logic flip-flop and a powerful output amplifier. The reference zener diode D1, through the internal resistive divider provided in the timer IC, supplies reference voltages to both comparators. The voltage at the timer output (pin 3) switches between levels 0 and 10 V. When calibrating the circuit, an adjustable DC voltage source is switched on instead of a battery of nickel-cadmium batteries. The “Off” potentiometer is set to the required final battery charging voltage (usually 1.4 V per cell), the “On” potentiometer is set to the required initial charging voltage (usually 1.3 V per cell). Resistor R1 keeps the circuit's operating current to less than 200 mA under all conditions. Diode D2 prevents the battery from being discharged through the timer when the latter is in the "off" state. The capacitor serves to block oscillations during the transition of the circuit to the "off" state. If required, a divider in the circuit feedback can be decoupled by capacitance to improve the noise immunity of the circuit during transients. 1...

Desulfating charger circuit

Automotive electronics Desulfating charger circuit The desulfating charger circuit was proposed by Samundzhi and L. Simeonov. Charger device performed using a half-wave rectifier circuit based on diode VI with parametric voltage stabilization (V2) and a current amplifier (V3, V4). The H1 signal light lights up when the transformer is connected to the network. The average charging current of approximately 1.8 A is regulated by selecting resistor R3. The discharge current is set by resistor R1. The voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer is 21 V (amplitude value 28 V). The voltage on the battery at the rated charging current is 14 V. Therefore, the charging current of the battery occurs only when the amplitude of the output voltage of the current amplifier exceeds the battery voltage. During one period of alternating voltage, one pulse of charging current is formed during time Ti. The battery discharges during the time T3 = 2Ti. Therefore, the ammeter shows the average importance of the charging current, equal to approximately one third of the amplitude value of the total charging and discharging currents. You can use the TS-200 transformer from the TV in the charger. The secondary windings are removed from both coils of the transformer and a new winding consisting of 74 turns (37 turns on each coil) is wound with PEV-2 1.5 mm wire. Transistor V4 is mounted on a radiator with an effective surface area of ​​​​approximately 200 cm2. Details: Type VI diodes D242A. D243A, D245A. D305, V2 one or two zener diodes D814A connected in series, V5 type D226: transistors V3 type KT803A, V4 type KT803A or KT808A. When setting up the charger, you should select the voltage based on transistor V3. This voltage is removed from the potentiometer slide (470 Ohm), connected in parallel with the zener diode V2. In this case, resistor R2 is selected with a resistance of approximately 500 Ohms. By moving the potentiometer slider, the average value of the charging current varies by 1.8 A.1...

CHARGING WITH STABLE CURRENT

Power supply CONSTANT CURRENT CHARGING There are several methods for charging batteries: DC with voltage control on the battery being charged; at constant voltage, controlling the charging current; according to Woodbridge (amp-hour rule), etc. Each of the listed methods has both advantages and disadvantages. To be fair, it should be noted that the most common, and reliable, is still DC charging. The emergence of microcircuit voltage stabilizers that allow operation in current stabilization mode makes the use of this method even more attractive. In addition, only direct current charging provides the best recovery of battery capacity when the process is usually divided into two stages: charging with the rated current and half the current. For example, the nominal voltage of a battery of four D-0.25 batteries with a capacity of 250 mAh is 4.8...5 V. The nominal charging current is usually chosen equal to 0.1 of the capacity - 25 mA. They charge with this current until the voltage on the battery reaches 5.7...5.8 V with the charger terminals connected, and then continue to charge for two to three hours with a current of approximately 12 mA. Charger device(see diagram) are supplied with a rectified voltage of 12V. The resistance of current-limiting resistors is calculated using the formula: R = Ust / I, where Ust is the stabilization voltage of the microcircuit stabilizer; I - charging current. In the case under consideration, Uct = 1.25 V; accordingly, the resistance of the resistors is R1 = 1.25 / 0.025 = 50 Ohms, R2 = 1.25 / 0.0125 = 100 Ohms. The device can use SD1083, SD1084, ND1083 or ND1084 chips. The stabilizer must be installed on the heat sink. You can reduce the supply voltage of the charger and thereby reduce the power released by the stabilizer, but it is advisable to supply it with such a voltage to be able to charge other types of batteries. From the editor. A close analogue of the SD1083 stabilizer is the domestic KR142EN22 microcircuit. We can also use the KR142EN12 stabilizer. V. SEVASTYANOV, Voronezh (Radio 12-98)1...

CHARGING BATTERIES WITH ASYMMETRICAL CURRENT

Automotive electronics CHARGING BATTERIES WITH ASYMMETRIC CURRENT Significantly better performance characteristics of batteries can be achieved if they are charged with an asymmetric volume. A charging device circuit that implements this principle is shown in the figure. With a positive half-cycle of the input alternating voltage, current flows through the elements VD1, R1 and is stabilized by the diode VD2. Part of the stabilized voltage is supplied to the base of transistor VT2 through variable resistor R3. Transistors VT2 and VT4 of the lower side of the device work as a current generator, the value of which depends on the resistance of resistor R4 and the voltage at the base of VT2. The charging current in the battery circuit flows through the elements VD3, SA1.1, PA1, SA1.2, the battery, and the collector differential of the transistor VT4, R4. With a negative half-cycle of the alternating voltage on the diode VD1, the operation of the device is similar, but the upper arm works - VD1 stabilizes the negative voltage, which regulates the current flowing through the battery in reverse voltage (discharge current). The PA1 milliammeter shown in the diagram is used when initial setup, you can later turn it off by moving the switch to another position. Such a charger device has the following advantages: 1. The charging and discharging currents can be adjusted independently of each other. Therefore, in this device Batteries with different energy capacities may be used. 2. In the event of any loss of alternating voltage, each of the arms is closed and no current flows through the battery, which protects the battery from spontaneous discharge. In this device, domestic elements can be used as VD1 and VD2 - KC133A, VT1 and VT2 - KT315B or KT503B. The remaining elements are selected depending on the charging current. If it does not exceed 100 mA, then KG815 or KT807 with any letter indices should be used as transistors VT3 and VT4 (placed on a heat sink with a heat-dissipating surface area of ​​5...15 sq.cm), and diodes VD3 and VD4 - D226 , KD105 also with any letter indices.1...

Living and dead water

I was convinced for myself of the merits of “living” (treatment of runny nose, sore throat) and “dead” (polyarthritis) water. However, if you use tap water (chlorinated), then during processing it boils and forms a brown-green foam (mineral salts + chlorine), one type of which can completely “sink” the idea. True, by immediately dividing the water into fractions ("living" and "dead"), you can filter each one separately and get rid of this foam, but this still raises doubts about the quality of the resulting water. To avoid foam, it is better to use well or mineral water (not carbonated) and, as a last resort, boiled (cooled and filtered) tap water. It is normal for sediment to fall. For storage, the moisture must settle (in separate vessels), after which it must be carefully taken to sleep. It is best to store prepared water in the refrigerator. The method itself, in principle, excludes the use of distilled or rain (snow) water, since it does not contain dissolved salts. To obtain “living” and “dead” water by electrolysis, a current of 5 mA is sufficient. Therefore, the installation can be powered from the network (Fig. 1a), batteries (Fig. 1b) or galvanic cells (Fig. 1 c). Quenching capacitors C1.C2 (Fig. 1 a) are used types K73-17, K40U-9 or BMT-2. Capacitors can be replaced with one resistor (43 kOhm, 2.2 W). The constructive use of the device is shown in Fig. 2. It uses a "flawed" ("unacceptable") glass jar 9 with a capacity of 1 liter with a suitable lid 1. “Crocodiles” are used to secure bag 4 with “dead” (*+”) water. 3. Bag 4 can be replaced with a glass made of fired but unglazed clay. 8, cover 1 has holes 6, which allows you to pour water into the collected device alternately (first at the positive, then at the negative electrode) through the watering can and ensures the release of gases formed during electrolysis. Top cover 2 protects against accidental contact with high-voltage circuits. Spacer 7 is necessary so that the polyethylene cover 1 does not bend when you press the “crocodiles” with your fingers. 3. The cover is also attached to it with a screw. 2. Other structural elements are fastened with 02.5 mm self-tapping screws into holes pierced with an awl in the polyethylene cover 1.1...

Automatic charger for small batteries

Developed automatic charger device(ASU) allows you to charge small-sized batteries of MP3 players. digital cameras, flashlights, etc. from the network. Its use allows you to eliminate multiple chargers and completely discharge the batteries with the goal of eliminating the “memory effect” that the widely used nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries have. The ASU implements the RF patent for utility model No. 49900 dated 08/04/2006. The prototype for it was the charger device from . The main features of the ASU are provided by the use of an integrated circuit TL431 (adjustable zener diode) and the use of an alternating current generator based on a reactive element (in this option- capacitor). The charger provides charging of AAA and AA size AA and AA batteries with a stable current of 155 mA from the mains (220 8.50 Hz). It can also be used at lower mains voltages with a proportional reduction in the charging current. The stability of the charging current is entirely determined by the stability of the alternating voltage supply to the charger in Fig. 1. At the beginning of charging the battery, the signal LED lights up, before the end of charging it begins to blink, and then turns off completely. ASU provides automatic reduction charging current (no less than an order of magnitude) when the EMF of a charged battery is reached and light indication of this mode. In offline mode (without connecting to the network), the battery is automatically discharged to a voltage of approximately 0.6 V with light indication of the process. With a fully charged battery, this discharge begins with a current of approximately 200 mA. Discharging the entire battery of batteries is irrational, because... may be aggravated by the non-identity of its constituent batteries. The circuit diagram of the ASU is shown in Fig. 1. The device contains: - current-limiting capacitors C1. C2; - protection resistors R1, R2; - bridge rectifier VD1; - control and indication circuits СЗ, R3. HL1, R4, R5, VD3, DA1, VS1, VT1; - decoupling diode VD2; - charge circuit R6. R7| C4, G81; - discharge circuits K1. R8. HL2. SB1. GB1. The ASU works as follows. Capacitors C1 and C2 for alternating current are ballast reactors and therefore provide a current of approximately 155 mA. To discharge the capacitors after turning off the device, resistor R1 is used, shunting the capacitors. Resistor R2 restrains the amplitude of the starting current at 1...

Using an optocoupler in a voltage stabilizer feedback circuit

Power supply Using an optocoupler in the feedback circuit of a voltage stabilizer or charger L. A. Cherkason. Firm Mt. ISA Mines L>td. (Queensland, Australia) A simple, inexpensive circuit that simultaneously functions as a stabilizer and charger for low-capacity batteries can be assembled without the use of complex voltage sensors. In this circuit, the diode (emitter) of the optocoupler, included in a simple feedback circuit, senses changes in the output voltage. The circuit generates a stabilized output voltage of 12.7 V at a current of 50 mA and can be used to charge batteries while maintaining the current and voltage limits, which are quite easily changed. Optocoupler is optimal device m from the point of view of its use as a voltage sensor. The diode perceives the output voltage without loading the circuit or disturbing the normal operating mode, and the voltage across it does not change and has a relatively small role with any changes in charging or load currents. As shown in the diagram, diode bridge and capacitor C1 rectify and filter the AC input voltage. Let's assume that the circuit works as a charger device. When the battery is not fully charged, the voltage on it is below 12.7 V (Vz+Vd). This voltage is set by selecting an appropriate silicon zener diode, which is connected in series with the optocoupler diode. In this case, the 1N2270 series transistor opens and allows current to flow into the battery. The 1A current is limited primarily by the 220 ohm resistor. When the battery voltage exceeds the role (Vz+Vd), the zener diode is turned on and current Iz flows through the optocoupler diode, turning on the phototransistor and turning off the series transistor Q. In the absence of a battery, when the circuit operates in stabilizer mode, current enters the load at a voltage of 12.7 B. In this case, of course, the output current depends mainly on the load resistance. The ripple voltage is 25 mV in stabilization mode and 1 mV in charging mode. The circuit provides stabilization of 30 mV/V when the voltage changes and 8 mV/mA ​​when the load changes in the range from 5 to 301...

A little about accelerated charging

Recently, a large number of different chargers (chargers) have appeared on sale. Many of them provide charging current. numerically equal to 1/10 of the battery capacity. Charging lasts 12. ..18 hours, which doesn’t suit many people. "Fast" chargers have been developed to meet market demands. For example, memory "FOCUSRAY". model 85 (Fig. 1), is an automatic charger device for accelerated charging, mounted in a housing with a power plug and allowing you to simultaneously charge two 6F22 ("Nika") batteries or four NiCd or NiMH batteries of AAA or AA (316) sizes with a current of up to 1000 mA. On the charger case, opposite each battery socket, the cassette has its own LED. indicating the operating mode of the memory. If there is no battery, it does not light up, when charging it flashes, and when charging is complete it lights up constantly. Naturally, the most complete operation of a battery occurs when the batteries are the same. In this case, charge and discharge occur simultaneously, and their resource as a power source is fully used. In practice, such an ideal situation almost never occurs, and you have to either select batteries for the battery using devices, or “train” the batteries to work together. To do this, you need to: - take batteries of the same type with the same capacity and, preferably, from the same batch; - charge them and completely discharge them to a real load; - repeat the charge-discharge of the battery several times, i.e. "mold" it. You can match batteries to each other with individual charging. By installing the batteries in the holders of the battery compartment of the charger. we turn it on to the network. The indicator LEDs begin to flash, signaling successful charging. Otherwise, you need to check the battery that is opposite the non-working LED. There may be several reasons: - the battery is damaged and does not accept a charge; - short circuit between its terminals; - the voltage at the battery terminals has dropped below 1 V. In the first two cases, you need to replace the faulty battery, in the last case, connect the “culprit” battery to a regular “long-lasting” charger. for example, such as in Fig. 2, for 30...60 minutes, and only then insert it into the “accelerated” memory, making an acceleration1...

CHARGING AND DESULFATING MACHINE FOR CAR BATTERIES

Automotive electronics CHARGING AND DESULFATING AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR CAR BATTERIES A. SOROKIN, 343902, Ukraine, Kramatorsk-2, PO Box 37. It has long been known that the charge of electrochemical power supplies with an asymmetric current, with the ratio Icharge: Idischarge = 10: 1, in particular acid batteries, leads to the elimination of sulfation of the plates in the battery, i.e. to restore their capacity, which, in turn, extends the battery life. It is not always possible to be near the charger and monitor the charging process all the time, so often the batteries are either systematically undercharged or overcharged, which, of course, does not extend their service life. From chemistry it is clear that the potential difference between the negative and positive plates in the battery is 2.1 V, which with 6 banks gives 2.1 x 6 = 12.6 V. With a charging current equal to 0.1 of the battery capacity, V At the end of the charge, the voltage rises to 2.4 V per cell or 2.4 x 6 = 14.4 V. An increase in charging current leads to an increase in voltage on the battery and increased heating and boiling of the electrolyte. Charging with a current below 0.1 of the capacitance does not allow the voltage to be increased to 14.4 V, however, a long-term (up to three weeks) low-current charge promotes the dissolution of lead sulfate crystals. Lead sulfate dendrites “sprouted” in separators are especially dangerous. They cause rapid self-discharge of the battery (I charged the battery in the evening, but in the morning I could not start the engine). Dendrites can only be washed out of separators by dissolving them in nitric acid, which is practically impossible. Through long-term observations and experiments, it was created electrical diagram, which, according to the author, allows you to trust automation. Trial operation for 10 years showed the effective operation of the device. The principle of operation is as follows: 1. The charge is made on the positive half-wave of the secondary voltage. 2. At the negative half-wave, a partial discharge of the battery occurs due to the flow of current through the load resistor. 3. Automatic switching on when the voltage drops due to self-discharge to 12.5 V and automatic disconnection from the 220 V network when the battery voltage reaches 14.4 V. Disconnection is contactless, using c1...

Automatic discharge-charger (ARZU) of Ni-Cd batteries

A large number of equipment with autonomous power sources used by the consumer requires the latter to spend money on battery power supplies. It is much more profitable to use Ni-Cd batteries, which, when used correctly, can withstand up to 1000 discharge-charge cycles. However, in addition to the battery power supply (BPS), you must also have a charger. device, and a tester for quickly determining the suitability of batteries. Over the past decade, a considerable number of descriptions of automatic chargers have appeared in popular radio engineering literature. Using minimal material and time resources, a radio amateur develops and manufactures semi-automatic chargers. They do not correspond to the full technological cycle for servicing the UPS or its individual elements(hereinafter referred to as the product), approved by GOST, do not ensure their full charge, as well as reliable and long-term operation, especially in cases where the charge ends according to the voltage at the product terminals. And as is clear, systematic undercharging leads to a decrease in the activity of the electrodes and a decrease in the capacity of the product. The specified GOST requires first discharging the product with a standard discharge current to a value at which the voltage on the UPS element will be 1 V, and then charging it with a current equal to a tenth of its capacity for a certain time. These modes allow you to charge the UPS without the danger of overcharge accumulation, without the danger of undercharging, without the danger of overheating or explosion. Closest in terms of functions to the proposed device, described in, but unlike it, it is made on an accessible elementary basis, does not require setting the timing circuit using a frequency meter. The author suggests device for element D-0.55S and battery of 10 pcs. of the indicated elements with a rated voltage of 12 V, thereby eliminating multi-position switches, reducing the dimensions and price(s) of the ARZU. To work with any other Ni-Cd products, the described ARZU can be used by replacing several resistors that determine the discharge-charging currents and a measuring voltage divider installed at the input of the voltage comparison unit. The ARZU provides the following modes: 1) ABP discharge 1...

Charger and power supply

It's simple device on powerful transistors Perfectly suitable not only for charging car batteries, but also for powering various electronic circuits. The voltage at the output of the device is adjustable from 0 to 15 V. The current depends on the degree of discharge of the batteries and can reach 20 A. Since the cathodes of the diodes and the collectors of the transistors are interconnected, all these parts are placed on one large radiator without insulating spacers. If there are no special requirements for voltage stability, then resistor R1 and zener diode VD3 can be excluded from the circuit. By adding the containers shown in the dotted line in the diagram, you can use device as a power supply. V. SAZHIN, Livny, Oryol region 1...

Safety device

Proposed protective device automatically turns off the electric motor when switching from load mode to idle mode. This is especially useful for electric pumps if the well or borehole has a limited supply of water. The diagram of the protective device is shown in the figure. Works device in the following way. When the SB2 button is pressed, the thyristors VS1 and VS2 turn on the electric motor M1. In this case, the voltage on resistor R2 is rectified by the bridge VD5...VD8 and supplied to the thyristor optocoupler U1, which blocks the SB2 button. If the load on the electric motor decreases (the current consumption decreases accordingly), the voltage on resistor R2 also decreases and becomes insufficient to turn on the thyristor optocoupler U1, thyristors VS1 and VS2 turn off the electric motor. When setting up the device, you may need to select resistor R3. Thyristors VS1 and VS2 are installed on radiators. Resistor R2 is wirewound. V.F. Yakovlev, Shostka, Sumy region. 1...

Switching device with automatic charger

Switching device diagram with charger device m is shown in the figure. If there is mains voltage, contacts K1.1 and K1.2 connect the load to the network, contact K3.1 connects the battery to the charger. If the network fails, contacts K1.1 and K1.2 connect the load to the secondary winding of transformer T1 of the voltage converter. The converter is connected to the battery using contacts K2.1. 1...