Every beginning developer faces the question “Which language should I learn first?” 10 programmers can give 10 different answers to this question.
At the same time, all of them can be authoritative, established people in the profession and can strongly justify their choice. After all, each developer has his own path to mastering the profession, which depends on personal preferences and the projects on which he had to work.
How can a novice developer choose the best option for himself if he does not know what specific type of programming he wants to do? To answer this question, let us turn to the experience of American universities.
TOP 40 American universities choose Python
In higher education institutions in the United States, Python is often taught in introductory Computer Science courses. According to a 2014 Association for Computing Machinery study, the language was chosen by 27 of the top 39 American universities. There are several reasons for this:
1. “Low” entry threshold. English-speaking people quickly get the hang of Python and easily write their first programs. In addition, many American schoolchildren study this language in computer science classes.
2. Wide scope of use. Knowledge of Python can be useful for students to study other subjects. This language is used for data analysis and scientific research.
3. High popularity of the language in “real development”.
Worldwide popular online education services - Coursera, Codecademy, Udacity, edX - also recommend starting to learn programming with Python.
Popularity of Python compared to other languages
According to the annual ranking of IEEE Spectrum magazine, Python is in first place in popularity among programming languages. To compile the rating, journalists analyzed public developer chats, job postings, Github, StackOverflow and dozens of other sources.
In August 2017, Python was ranked fifth in the Tiobe Index. It is compiled based on the results of queries like “programming” in popular search engines.
Where is Python used?
Python is used in:
How much do Python developers earn?
As mentioned above, the scope of Python is wide. Therefore, the demand for programmers working in this language is very high.
According to the American portal gooroo.io, Python programmers have the highest “salary ceiling” among developers in popular languages. The maximum annual compensation listed in the vacancies is $148,000.
Python developers are also in demand in Russia. The salary of a senior developer reaches 200 thousand rubles per month.
How to Learn to Program in Python
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Today, object-oriented programming is, if not the most popular section of IT technologies, then it is approaching this title by leaps and bounds. The number of vacancies that require OOP professionals is growing every year. It is not surprising that the number of people wishing to master this, in principle, relatively simple science, is increasing proportionally.
One of the best tools For a good start in the field of OOP, the Python programming language has long been recognized. However, a logical question arises: is it enough to own only Python in order to find a decent job? Let’s ask Evgenia Tychinskaya, recruiter at the recruitment agency A. Sukhorukov, about this.
Tell us about yourself: what do you do at Sukhorukov CA and how do you help applicants?
I am looking for suitable candidates in the field of Web programming. This includes areas such as Python, JavaScript and some others. Based on the experience and skills of a particular person, I select a suitable vacancy for him.
How in demand are programmers with Python knowledge in the modern market?
Extremely in demand! The demand for specialists who speak this language is growing progressively. Over the past year it has increased at least 2 times. This is due to the fact that almost all IT giants - Google, Yahoo!, IBM use this programming tool in the development of their digital products. Additionally, the demand for Python (PostgreSQL, OOP, Flask, Django) developers has skyrocketed over the past few years at companies such as Instagram, Reddit, Tumblr, YouTube, and Pinterest. Naturally, other players in this market are following the headliners. So, if you know Python, you can make a lot of money from it.
What can you do in Python? In what areas is it most often used?
Currently, Python is widely used for Web technologies, especially in the development of online stores, as well as in creating mobile applications. There are many companies on the market that require programmers with knowledge of OOP, so the applicant, based on his preferences, can choose the most interesting field.
How popular is this language compared to other OOP languages?
Python is firmly in the TOP of the most popular programming languages according to the TIOBE Programming Community Index. Among developers, Python is the second most popular after Java.
Python is said to be a very easy language to learn. Doesn't the quality of the offer suffer as a result? Have you personally or your work colleagues come across outright hacks?
Python is a high-level programming language and is indeed considered very lightweight due to its clear syntax and ease of readability. But I haven’t come across such “hack workers” yet. The reason for this is that our agency is very careful in selecting candidates and can satisfy the most demanding customer.
What requirements do employers place on applicants? I heard that in serious companies specialists take a test to determine how “pythonic” their code is?
good knowledge of Python 2.5+ and its standard libraries;
Experience with Django 1.5+ and major 3rd-party applications;
front-end development experience: AJAX, HTML, CSS, jQuery, Bootstrap;
technical English: reading documentation, participating in correspondence.
As you can see, the “set” is considerable, but quite manageable to master.
Are junior programmers interested in the market? What experience must an applicant have in order to be considered?
A junior is of interest to an employer if he has a good technical base, if he wants to develop and move on, and can also work in a team. This is, in a way, an eye on the future - companies often “grow” experienced specialists for themselves. But, of course, any organization will be happy to hire a person who already has practical experience interaction with this programming language, amounting to at least 1-2 years.
Where should a completely green beginner go? Where and how should he gain experience?
The initial Python course can be taken at the Alexey Sukhorukov IT Academy. Here you will receive a basis for further progress in your chosen field of programming. And to start a career, a company that offers an internship is perfect.
By the way, about . What, in your professional opinion, are the chances of a graduate finding an interesting and good job?
The chances are quite high. Graduates of the Academy master the basics at a very decent level, and in addition, receive a testimonial from the teacher. Therefore, each of them can safely count on successful employment. Well, then everything will depend on how the newcomer performs during the probationary period.
What will his salary be at the first stage? And how much can it grow with experience?
A junior's salary may well be 30-40 thousand rubles. A person working in this field for at least a year usually receives 60 thousand rubles and more. Senior level implies wages up to 150 thousand rubles, but a “full stack” specialist who simultaneously speaks other programming languages, for example, JavaScript, receives up to 200 thousand rubles per month.
Programmers often say that working in Python is fun, and this is due to the fact that this language received its name in honor of the famous English comic group Monty Python. Where is the fun in such a seemingly rather serious area?
I have often come across opinions that Python language somewhat reminiscent of the spells from Harry Potter. What is the specific coincidence here, frankly speaking, is not entirely clear to me, as a recruiter. But, given the vast capabilities of Python, those programmers who master it perfectly can be called real network wizards.
Well, traditionally: what wishes, advice and recommendations would you like to give to everyone who wants to grow and develop in the field of Python programming and, of course, find a decent job?
How can a beginner choose a programming language for future work? Assess salary levels? Demand? Based on what is easier to learn? Or take a closer look at the popularity trend lines?
In fact, you can spend a lot of time choosing best language programming. But as soon as it comes to personal acquaintance, there will be a need to change the favorite. Today you will be offered a choice that should appeal to the vast majority of beginning geeks - a combination of ease of learning and relevance in the labor market. These two arguments are relatively easy to reliably test, so the result obtained will be close to objectivity.
Criteria
We will rank them based on the demand rating. We will take a number of foreign articles (,,,) as a base, and we will confirm the Russian reality with the help of aggregators hh.ru and trud.com. The statistics, of course, are relevant on the day the text was written, and are unlikely to change much by publication.
What we will not take into account is the level of salaries and the self-sufficiency of the language, simply because of the relativity of these criteria.
Swift
Formally, Swift, of course, is not yet as in demand among employers as Objective-C, and it largely owes its inclusion in this rating to the general platform. But it is absolutely impossible to ignore the perspective in this ranking. Therefore, we recommend starting your study now. We invite you to a free two-hour.
Let's take a look at the numbers of Russian HR agencies - 471 vacancies in Russia and neighboring countries on hh.ru and 410 on trud.com. Very good for a three year old. If you add Objective-C, you can safely multiply numbers by 3.
C/C++
Calling C or C++ an easy language to learn is not entirely accurate, especially when compared to Python or Ruby. But in this case, it’s worth talking about the huge amount of educational, high-quality literature, about the fundamental nature and the useful remainder that will remain in your head, even if you don’t connect your future life with them.
But if you still like languages, then there are as many as 2,325 vacancies in Russia alone on hh.ru and 12,543 on trud.com. At the same time, it is important for you to understand that if, in the case of the Swift language, these were vacancies exclusively for developers, then with C++ you may need the language not only in the usual IT field, but also for the positions of a CNC operator and an auto electrician.
JavaScript
Not only is JavaScript extremely in demand in the modern world thanks to the crazy development of Internet technologies, but also thanks to modules and libraries, its zone of influence began to spread to all other IT areas.
Add to this the fact that JavaScript is relatively easy to learn. Having borrowed basic things from C and gradually developed from a bonus element for HTML and CSS to an independent force, it received a digestible syntax and an extremely understandable operating logic for a beginner.
And now to the demand: 6,365 vacancies only within Russia on hh.ru and 5,565 on trud.com. These are very good numbers for those who are determined to find a job upon completion of their studies.
Python
When it comes to the combination of ease and relevance (in that order), most developers think of Python first. This is a language tested by time and millions of students, saving valuable time both at the stage of learning and application. At the same time, the number of IT areas where you might need Python is not limited at all. Many thanks to the fans, enthusiasts and the Python Software Foundation.
It is important to note that the demand for Python specialists is much higher abroad than in Russia. However, finding a job here won’t be too difficult: 2,325 vacancies in open access according to hh.ru and 2,537 - trud.com.
Java
Java is a great language in every way. This is confirmed by the statistics of TIOBE, and the most popular OS in the world, and simply by the fact that it is a fairly simple language with a very powerful ecosystem.
If we express it in Russian reality figures, then the relevance of Java is 4,628 points according to hh.ru and 4,490 - trud.com. Yes, these are not impressive results compared to some previous contenders, but, firstly, this is due to the specifics of our IT market, secondly, the growth trend is strictly positive, and thirdly, Java will still be simpler than C/C++.
SQL
This is probably not the kind of leader you wanted to see, but formally there is nothing to complain about here. It is very difficult for you to avoid using a database in modern realities, and no one has yet come up with a more universal tool than SQL. It is this fact that allows this language to firmly sit in first place in almost all such ratings.
The language of domestic figures here does not reflect real demand too clearly, but SQL’s leadership in this rating will not make one doubt. In fact, he collected 8,303 internal vacancies on hh.ru and 8,933 on trud.com.
P.S.
Looking at the rating published at the very beginning, you probably have a reasonable question: “Where are Perl and C#?” It's all about that very projection onto Russian reality. For example, Perl has 581 vacancy results according to hh.ru and 577 on trud.com. This is, of course, better than Swift, but the Apple language has an obvious future, and the demand for Perl in Russia will most likely only fall.
Regarding C#, the situation is better: 906 vacancies on hh.ru and over 16 thousand on trud.com. However, the second figure should not mislead you: among the vacancies, almost half of the C/C++ developers with knowledge of C#, therefore, in terms of their totality and fundamental importance, it was the first group of languages that was included in the title, and the second was modestly mentioned at the end.
Due to the simple syntax, abundance of training materials and high speed Python code execution allows all efforts to be directed directly to machine learning. Helper code easy to write.
A recent study from hackerrank.com supports this. According to their data, Python is the leader in terms of such indicator as Love-Hate Index (employers preferred JavaScript). The dedication of programmers proves the ease and efficiency of working with this programming language.
The figure above shows the demand forecast different languages until the end of this decade. As you can see, Python has excellent prospects.
Simplicity of code
The figure below summarizes the philosophy followed by the creator of Python. To summarize, the code should be as simple, efficient and fast to execute as possible.
Simple algorithms machine learning cannot be named, so it is important for the developer not to scatter his attention, to reduce to a minimum the solution of problems associated with AI training. Python's syntax, its conciseness, modularity and scalability make it possible to very quickly prepare the basis for AI training.
Libraries and frameworks
This is another argument in favor of the popularity of Python. There are a lot of libraries and frameworks focused on working with artificial intelligence in the public domain. For work you will need:
- Numpy - suitable for scientific calculations. Simplifies working with large multidimensional matrices/arrays, and Numpy contains a library of complex mathematical functions for working with these arrays;
- Sci-Py basic structure The data in it is a multidimensional array. Used to work with special functions, genetic algorithms, signal and image processing;
- SciKit-Learn is a well-documented library used for data extraction/analysis. Note that there are a lot of algorithms for machine learning out of the box;
- Matplotlib - used for data visualization (2D only).
From the frameworks we highlight:
- TensorFlow - Google development. It is used to build and train neural networks, allowing you to achieve almost the level of human perception and image classification;
- Apache Spark - it is convenient to implement distributed processing of semi-structured/unstructured data through it;
- CNTK- Microsoft development, easy to scale, faster than TensorFlow, very accurate.
As you can see, there is no shortage of tools.
Community support and documentation
The entry threshold is quite low. In addition to the fact that the code is not overloaded with complex structures, Python is also well documented. There is a good set of materials in Russian. The same goes for third-party libraries and frameworks.
Don't discount the huge community of programmers around the world. Even if you encounter an unsolvable problem, you will most likely find answers to your questions on specialized resources.
Conclusion
At the beginning of the material, we called Python practically the only option for machine learning, this is not an exaggeration. Looking at language from a learning perspective artificial intelligence, then it has no disadvantages. The code is extremely simple, the language is well documented, libraries and frameworks make writing code easier.
These conclusions are confirmed by the demand for Python. By 2020, it may become a leader compared to other programming languages.
Python Programmer uses a high-level programming language to create client-server applications, various types of games, microservices, large and small websites, bots for social networks. Engaged not only in creating software, but also technical support, integration, optimization, trains company personnel to work with programs and services. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in computer science (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).
Short description
In the early 90s of the last century, a Dutch developer created Python, which combined the features of different programming languages. The high-level language in question ranks 4th in the world rankings; it is used and supported by Mail, Pinterest, Youtube, and the creators of large search engines.
Experienced Python programmers highlight the following: strengths language and the advantages of working with it:
- language extensibility, integration with C/C++;
- simplified syntax, Unicode support;
- cross-platform;
- dynamic typing;
- the ability to quickly create the most complex code;
- a huge number of development environments;
- can be used to write all types of software products;
- simplified maintenance of the created software;
- free license;
- a large community of competent programmers.
The disadvantages of Python include its slowness and the fact that the language in question is quite specific. Most often, programmers who study this language want to expand their horizons and improve their skills. There are a huge number of interesting materials about Python: useful books and textbooks, videos, Russian-speaking communities, translated instructions.
Features of the Python programmer profession
Experienced programmers are constantly learning, because if they do not gain new knowledge, the developer will quickly lose both their qualifications and their value in the labor market. Python is a general-purpose programming language that it is desirable for a developer to know. Most often, programmers who already have solid experience with C++ or Java take up learning Python. The fact is that skills in working with object-oriented programming allow you to master Python in a short time.
Many developers consider the Python language to be outdated and too slow, so they do not pay due attention to learning it. But large technology companies are actively using this programming language; it has been at the top of the rankings for many years, thanks to which it can be considered promising.
A Python developer is involved in maintaining the software that he has developed or upgraded, training employees, preparing instructions, and documentation.
Pros and cons of the profession
pros
- The ability to learn independently, which is convenient for people who decide to move away from complex programming.
- Fast learning.
- Large Russian-speaking community of programmers.
- Beautiful and simple language code, which significantly speeds up the development process.
- A small number of programmers who are fluent in Python.
- There is a lot of demand, so there will be a lot of work.
Minuses
- Python is less popular than Java and C/C++, which has a significant impact on salaries.
- The programming language in question may be a second language, but not a first language.
- Python programmers are in demand in well-known companies based in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other large cities. Therefore, a developer who speaks only one programming language may have problems finding work in remote regions.
- To get hired in a large company, you must have 2-3 years of experience with Java, C/C++.
Important personal qualities
- Patience.
- Hard work.
- Determination.
- Initiative.
- Determination.
- Self-confidence.
- Attentiveness.
- Self-control.
Python programmer training
Anyone with a higher technical or IT education can master Python. Receiving a higher education is another plus on a resume, because employers looking for a Python programmer give preference to developers with a university degree.
You can learn the language in 2-6 months through Python programming courses, which can be either paid or free. You can learn Python on your own using videos, blogs, and textbooks. Another a good option is a search for a practicing programmer who is ready to take on a student.
Experienced teachers (each with at least five years of experience) help students, this is possible even if the students have no programming experience. Practical classes involve working with real projects. Accordingly, after completing the work, students receive in their portfolio finished works, with whom you can come to job interviews.
Well . You will gain knowledge and skills that allow you to implement projects of varying levels of complexity, from small web applications, simple scripts and programs, to software for spacecraft and artificial intelligence. Training takes place in a convenient and effective format in the form of step-by-step lessons with individual analysis of homework.
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