At one time called the Internet, special access protocols are used. One of the newest is IPv6. Not everyone knows what it is and how it all works. Therefore, it is worthwhile to dwell separately on the technology used and on the activation of protocol settings, taking into account the fact that the material will be presented in the simplest possible terms, aimed not at professionals, but at ordinary users.
IPv6: what is it?
Despite the fact that today there are quite a lot of protocols for using an Internet connection in the form of the most commonly used IPv4 or access to mail servers like POP3 or SMTP, we will focus on the sixth version of IP.
The actual procedure for accessing the World Wide Web is to identify each connected computer. Moreover, any computer or mobile device must have its own completely unique identifier, called an address. In other words, the essence of using any protocol is to ensure that there is not a single duplicate value in the world.
Why is this necessary? Yes, only so that the response from the requested server or the download of data is carried out exactly on the specified device, and not on another system. The IPv6 protocol itself is responsible for generating and assigning such identifiers. Roughly speaking, when it is activated, a unique combination is created that corresponds to each device. Moreover, it is he who generates an almost unlimited number of such identifiers, which, subject to the development mobile technology is becoming especially relevant these days.
History of the creation and implementation of IP protocols
Information sources claim that the development of such techniques began in the 70s of the last century. Then one of the technologies was called the Internet Protocol, or, in the English version, Internet Protocol, which is where the abbreviation actually comes from.
The fourth version, which was once the most current, was considered the height of perfection, since it could generate 32-bit addresses distributed through DHCP servers in the amount of about four billion identifiers. With a population of five billion on our planet and a fairly limited number of users of the Global Wide Web, this was considered the height of perfection. But at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, with the increase in the number of computers and mobile devices the fourth version of the protocol no longer copes with the tasks assigned to it. That is why the idea of creating a new IPv6 protocol arose. What it is?
The technology was based on increasing the bit size of the assigned address, but it was preceded by the appearance of an intermediate fifth modification, which received the abbreviation ST/ST2. Under the conditions of that time, it looked exclusively like an attempt to create something new, but in practice it was practically not used in computer systems (except that it remained a kind of testing version).
How does the sixth version of IP differ from the fourth?
If you look at the difference between the fourth and sixth versions, it is quite obvious that in the case of using IPv4, the full length of the address is 32 bits. The IPv6 address has a dimension of 128 bits, which allows you to generate a number of probable identifiers that is millions of times greater than the capabilities of the fourth version. For comparison, it’s worth at least looking at the numbers presented below.
Some experts argue that such an indicator has no restrictions, although the final number can be calculated. But from a practical point of view, even if the world’s population doubles, which will entail an increase in devices connected to the Internet, this will not affect the addresses in any way.
IPv6 without network access: how to determine if the protocol is supported?
Now let's move on to practical actions. Configuring IPv6 should begin with checking whether the protocol itself is supported. computer system. You should immediately pay attention to the fact that if the provider providing Internet connection services does not support the sixth version of the DHCP server, no matter how much you try to configure the use of the sixth version of the protocol, nothing will work - it will still remain inactive.
In the simplest case, to obtain information, you should use the command line, called from the Run menu by entering the cmd abbreviation. To the console itself you need to enter the standard ipconfig command for a single terminal or ipconfig /all for all computers combined in local network. If the screen does not show active IPv6 access, you will have to configure it. And this absolutely does not mean that the protocol is not supported - it is simply not used (or the provider does not have DHCPv6).
By calling the protocol settings with the ncpa.cpl command through the Run menu, you can see that it is in the system parameters, but the checkbox is not checked (or installed, but the protocol is not configured). By the way, everything OS Windows latest generations, the sixth version of the protocol is supported.
How to determine your own IP address?
You can determine whether an IPv6 address is involved quite simply by using the Network Control Center section and shared access in the “Control Panel”, where the properties of the current connection are selected, and in the window that appears, the information button is pressed.
A value must be specified next to the local IPv6 address. If it is missing, the protocol is simply not used. Please note that both versions of the protocol are used simultaneously - this is how it should be.
Initial protocol enablement
On at this stage We have IPv6 without access to the network or the Internet. First, in the properties section of the current connection, you just need to check the box next to the protocol name line.
Activation via command line
In this case we are talking about command line running as system administrator.
You should enter the commands Netsh, Interface, ipv6, install in it, pressing the enter key after each. This activation is suitable for all modifications of Windows systems, starting with XP, and works when, for some reason, activation from the standard settings is impossible, or the protocol simply does not work.
Automatically obtain addresses
Now comes the most important part. In the case where the user has IPv6 without a network, you can use automatic settings, offered by the system itself and most Internet providers.
After clicking the settings button in the above section in the parameters window, you should use automatic acquisition of the IP address, DNS settings, gateway, subnet mask, etc. In this case, the machine will immediately receive a dynamic address, which will later be used to identify it on the network connection and when using the Internet.
Setting parameters manually
If problems with IPv6 are observed with such settings, the Internet or network can be connected by setting the parameters manually.
In this case, we are talking about settings provided by the provider or network administrator. In other words, you will have to enter all the above values yourself. It is worth noting that in most cases, additional settings Be sure to check the box that prohibits the use of a proxy server for local addresses. In any case, you need to enter the data very carefully, since even one incorrectly entered number can nullify all attempts to establish a connection.
Alternative DNS Settings
Default DNS server settings (preferred and alternate) automatic mode, may not work. Sometimes even manually setting the values provided by the provider may not have an effect. Therefore, many companies, in particular Yandex and Google, provide their own addresses that will be used in such settings.
For Google, combinations of four eights, two fours and two eights are used, or vice versa, and for Yandex services - two sevens, two eights and another eight for four address fields. However, when it comes to setting up TV smart panels, Yandex suggests entering combinations of numbers and letters, which looks very inconvenient.
But the main problem with using such settings compared to automatic ones or those offered by the provider is that the user will receive a connection speed limit, for example, at 50 Mbit/s, although the provider has declared support, say, 100-150 Mbit/s. You understand that there is no need to talk about any downloading of music or video content. Even when using torrent clients, the speed will be even more limited. So, for example, with a connection speed of 100-150 Mbit/s in a torrent, if there is a maximum number of distributions, you can get a download speed of 3-4 Mbit/s, with a value of 50 Mbit/s - several times less.
So think about whether to use these services. The use of such parameters is justified only if other settings do not work and the connection is not established.
Functionality check
Finally, after all the settings have been made, the system needs to be checked. In this case, you cannot rely only on the presence of a connection to the network or the Internet, since in most cases both versions of the protocol are used - both the fourth and the sixth.
To obtain updated data, use the ipconfig command again, as indicated above, and check if the information contains an indication of the sixth version of the IP protocol with the assigned local address. As an alternative, you can use the network properties, where you click the details button. By the way, if available wireless connections Based on Wi-Fi, the desired menu can be called up directly by clicking on the status icon in the system tray.
Conclusion
That's all there is to it in a nutshell about the latest IPv6 protocol. What this is, I think, is already a little clear. In terms of the prospects for the development of this technology, we can say that it has every chance of becoming the most preferred all over the world, since the number of generated 128-bit addresses is so large that it is believed that it will be simply impossible to exhaust them even in the next fifty years. This is true, since the very indicator of possible values of the parameters created and distributed amounts to almost trillions.
That is why we have nothing to worry about, even taking into account the growing popularity of mobile devices, sales of which are increasing almost exponentially from year to year. But the protocol itself, as is already clear, has almost inexhaustible possibilities. And, apparently, it will soon be possible to predict that support for the fourth version will be abandoned, and the sixth will still take first place, despite loud statements from competitors that they can present something completely new. But this looks very doubtful.
The MTS “Access to IPv6” service was launched by the operator for Moscow some time ago. Now it has become available in the regions of Russia. For free.
The essence of the service: providing access to the Internet with a new addressing - IPv6 in order to prevent their shortage.
Thanks to “Access to IPv6”, MTS subscribers were able to simultaneously access the Internet in 2 addressing: IPv4 and IPv6 ( Dual mode stack). It turns out that with the “Access to IPv6” service, all IPv6-supported devices will have 2 IP addresses in the MTS network: IPv4 + IPv6.
In order for your gadget to work in Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 mode, in its settings you should set the access point internet.mts.ru plus select the APN protocol - IPv4/IPv6.
"Secret" features
For this information, thanks to Alexander Sergeevich, who sent me a letter. From its contents:
Using IPv6, you can now access useful sites closed by Russian censorship. For example, to a root tracker or nnm club. No more block bypasses!
If a prohibited site has IPv6, then MTS does not block it. That is, you configure the IPv6 protocol on your device (see the settings in the MTS description at the link above), not forgetting to activate the “Access to IPv6” service itself, for example, through Personal Area operator. Now, without any anonymizers, TORs or other software, you can go to prohibited sites and use their useful content.
This may be a temporary loophole, but it works.
I’ll note on my own: I think it’s really temporary. How could it be otherwise, because it turns out that now the law is simply not respected with her, and the RKN whip does not work.
I activated the “Access to IPv6” service on my MTS number. I didn’t set up the PC router, because I don’t use the mobile Internet that way, but I adjusted the “Access Point (APN)” on the smartphone, setting it to APN - IPv4/IPv6. Then turned it on Mobile Internet and calmly went to my favorite rutracker:
Thanks again to Alexander Sergeevich for the most valuable information received!
It would seem like nothing. However, I discovered that by setting up IPv6 support, you can get some very nice features that are not available when using only IPv4.
Advantages
1. Static "white" IP addresses for all your computers (even behind the provider's NAT)
Today, apart from direct IPv6 (which Russian providers they don’t give it yet), the most attractive way to connect to IPv6 is to register with a so-called tunnel broker, i.e. a company that provides (free of charge) the service of “forwarding” traffic from IPv4 to IPv6 and vice versa.
When using this method, each user not only gets direct access to the IPv6 Internet (even while behind the provider's IPv4 NAT!), but also has his own IPv6 subnet, which is tied not to his current IPv4 address, but to his account ( name and password) from the broker. Thus, it is possible not only to obtain a range of IPv6 addresses, but also to retain it even if you change your direct IPv4 provider.
In addition, users are given at least a /64 subnet at their disposal, which is enough to connect 2 64 devices to the network, and give them all real (“white”), static Internet addresses.
Thus, in the case when there are several computers on your local network, and you need to provide access to the services of some of them from the outside, you no longer need to go through the hassle of forwarding ports on a NAT gateway and remembering them (“for example, port 20022 is SSH on computer in the bedroom, and 20122 - on the one in the living room"), you just need to connect to the desired computer, indicating not the gateway address, but the address of this computer directly.
The question may arise - what about security? The absence of NAT in the IPv6 world, which is incorrectly perceived by some as a means of protecting the network from intrusions, does not in any way affect the ability to protect yourself from hackers. It is enough to configure the firewall in such a way that it does not allow incoming connections from the Internet to the local network, except those that you specifically want to allow. In GNU/Linux, there is a tool for this purpose ip6tables, which is an analogue of iptables used to configure the IPv4 firewall.
2. Faster torrent download speed
The BitTorrent protocol is designed in such a way that users who are behind the provider's NAT and are not able to accept incoming connections can “torrent” files only from those who are behind such a NAT Not is located (i.e. It has ability to accept an incoming connection). This is a very significant limitation even today, but doubly so in the coming years, because As IPv4 addresses are exhausted, more and more providers will take away real IPv4 from users and “put” them behind NAT. Thus, the number of torrent peers and seeds that are connected to each other will fall, up to the complete impossibility of downloading some unpopular torrents.
For those who have configured IPv6, this problem becomes completely irrelevant. In the world of IPv6, all computers can get real, “white” IP addresses - and thanks to technologies for “wrapping” IPv6 into IPv4, this can be done even while behind an IPv4 NAT.
To use the new protocol when downloading/sharing torrents, it must be supported by the tracker. IPv6 is currently supported by two of the three largest Russian trackers, and for example, on the NoNaMe-Club forum, the discussion of the new protocol has already expanded to more than 50 pages.
It is worth noting that after enabling IPv6, torrents can work faster not only for those who are behind the evil provider NAT, but for everyone who has done this. The thing is that having configured access to the IPv6 Internet, you get the opportunity to download from the computers of those Internet users who have various reasons It is not possible to distribute files via IPv4. And ultimately, seeing more seeds and more peers, you get higher speed.
If you use GNU/Linux and are interested in IPv6 primarily for downloading torrents, you can install IPv6 support in just a minute, without having to configure it manually.
3. Faster download speed for anything
If your provider has implemented IPv4 NAT and, in parallel, native IPv6, you may well find that accessing Internet resources via IPv6 is much faster, more reliable and trouble-free than via IPv4 via NAT.
The explanation for this is simple: Carrier-grade NAT, i.e. broadcasting addresses for tens of thousands of subscribers (and storing in memory information about hundreds of thousands of connections they have established) is an extremely resource-intensive task even for very expensive specialized provider routers. It's not surprising that during peak hours, your provider's NAT equipment may be overloaded.
In the case of access to any resource via IPv6, no address translation is required, the provider performs simple routing without any packet processing or tracking of open connections, and for this, much less computing resources and a cheaper (and therefore quite likely installed) with sufficient supply) of equipment.
Joined MTS available opportunity connect to IPv6. This could previously be done only within the city of Moscow. Today, Moscow regions can also connect to the service, and most importantly, it’s completely free. Thanks to it, subscribers can use Internet services in two addressing modes - IPv4 and IPv6. Read more about access to IPv6 in MTS and what kind of service it is.
Logo for the “Access to IPv6” service of MTS
IPv6 is new internet a protocol that solves the problem of the previous IPv4 version. The fact is that the previous protocol ran out of addresses, since it used an address length of only 32 bits. The version is capable of connecting a limited number of users to the network - only about 4.3 billion. As of 2016, most organizations around the world announced a shortage of unique addresses. A new version IPv6 uses a 128-bit address length and completely eliminates the shortage problem.
At the same time, its use also provides hidden possibilities to the user. Such as access to blocked resources (if they support it), it works on all devices without exception. But there are also limitations. The service is not available on tariffs where mobile Internet is disabled, as well as on fixed-line tariffs. The user's mobile device itself must support it.
Purpose of connecting IPv6 MTS
Many people wonder why access to IPv6 MTS is needed and what kind of service it is? Using the new Internet protocol, subscribers can use two IP addresses at once - IPv6 and IPv4. Thus, they have the opportunity to access resources on which they were blocked (i.e., their IP address). You just need to switch to another address - and the resource is available again. Using the service, you can gain access to dangerous sites that are not possible to access with IPv4.
MTS IPv6 access service increases security when connecting to the Internet by filtering ports that are potentially dangerous. But you cannot rely only on the capabilities of this service; the operator recommends using additional protection methods, such as Anti-Virus and firewalls.
Setting up and connecting the service
Before connecting IPv6 to MTS, make sure that your device supports it. Initially, you need to configure your device's access point. To do this, specify internet.mts.ru in the settings and set the APN protocol - IPv4/IPv6. Most modern devices already have these settings by default. If you need a specific protocol, then set the one you need here in the settings by selecting one of the proposed options.
You need to understand that by choosing IPv4, you will only use it. IPv6 will not be available.
You can use a USSD request to connect access to IPv6 in MTS.
- To do this, enter the following combination on the keyboard of your smartphone: *111*1428*1#.
- To disable the service, use another combination: *111*1428*2#.
- After sending the command, you will be notified with a message about the current status of the service.
There is another way to connect - with help SMS. To activate the IPv6 service, send a message with the text 1 to short number 1428. To disconnect, you need to send the number 2 in the text of the message to the same number.
When the service in MTS is activated, you may need to reboot your device to activate the Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 mode. In this case, the network will be rebooted. When connecting, no funds should be withdrawn from your account. Everyone knows that this MTS IPv6 access service is free.
How to check valid IP
After connecting to the MTS IPv6 service, there is no way to check the current IP address using built-in tools. But they can help you special services, which determine your current address, DNS server, Internet provider and other information. For all devices and Windows versions and Android, the following 2 sites are suitable: test-ipv6.com, ipv6-test.com. When visiting resources, there is no need to open sections or click buttons. Information is displayed on them automatically. A table will appear in front of the user where you can view the details.
For Apple devices there is a separate resource that displays the current IP. Here when you visit you will also receive detailed information according to your connection. You must visit these sites after the MTS “Access to IPv6” service has already been activated.
In contact with
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Communication standard and frequency
The communication standard affects both data transmission and compatibility with other devices. Modern access point models support the 802.11ac standard. This standard provides data transfer speeds of 1,300 Mbit/s in both directions. And, most importantly, it is fully compatible with previous standards. Also, it is worth considering the frequency at which wireless access points operate. From us you can buy equipment operating at the 5GHz frequency, it is less loaded and can guarantee higher speeds.
Maximum speed
Typically, the possibilities wireless connection limited to 1,300 Mbps. Many people prefer to buy the most powerful access points that can operate at these limits. This is not always justified, given the issue of price. If your provider provides a lower connection speed, then you can limit yourself to a device with a maximum speed of 100-150 Mbit/s.
Power
This parameter is responsible for the distance over which data will be transmitted. Most access points are between 15 and 30 dBM. To select a device with optimal range, you need to think in advance about the location of workstations and plan the placement of equipment that does not allow the appearance of “white spots”.
Antenna
All access points are equipped with antennas. Most devices have several internal ones and one or two external ones. If you are interested in signal transmission over long distances, you should pay attention to access points that support MIMO technology.
Safety
Data protection corporate network- one of the most important tasks. That is why most devices are equipped with Firewall - security protocols. They are responsible for data encryption and there are two of them - WEP and WPA (WPA 2). The first is simpler, which is easy to hack, the second provides reliable protection and is the most common standard for office wireless networks.
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