Hello, dear readers of the blog site. This blog has detailed information. After or while reading this publication, I advise you to read that article so that a complete picture emerges. I also advise you to read my publications on the topic of what and means.

Today we have a question on our agenda - what is domain or domain name(in fact, these are synonyms). Well, it's actually simple. This is the name for the site, which is assigned to it instead of the difficult-to-remember IP address of the server on which this site is hosted (see). Enter this name in the address bar of your browser and the site will open.

But the difficulties arise precisely in the details. What are they, how does it all work, what domain zones are, how to understand what level domain and which of them can be registered, where this can be done and which zone to choose. There are a lot of questions and I will try to answer them all in this “small note”.

What is a domain?

As I mentioned above, domain is the name for the site..162.192.0. And besides, imagine the situation. You have placed your website on a hosting server (see what this is above) and received an IP address. But, moving to another hosting, the IP will change, which will cause a disaster. But in the case of domain names, this will not happen. Why?

The fact is that there are thousands of DNS (domain name system) servers on the Internet, which will state that the domain site is accessible at the IP address 108.162.192.0. If I move to another hosting, I’ll go to the domain name registrar panel (where I bought it), change something, and it will be written in all DNS servers on the Internet that the site needs to be searched at a different IP address. Convenient right?

Convenient, but probably not yet clear. The main thing you need to understand is a name for a site is a very important thing and it is for life (as a rule, although you can transfer the site to another domain if you wish, this is not easy). Whatever you name the boat, that’s how it will float. True, not only the name is important, but also the level of the domain, as well as the zone to which it belongs. Is it unclear again? Well, let's take things in order.

How a domain name works

Let's start with the basics. The domain record (site name) must include all levels of nesting of the domain (all zones in which it belongs) so that it is unique and does not cause confusion.

There are two main domain name registration rules:

1. The zones that a given domain belongs to are listed from right to left.
2. Dots are used as separators.

It might look like this, for example:

Net.blog.site

We get a fourth-level domain net, which is part of the third-level domain zone “blog”, which is part of the second-level zone “ktonanovenkogo” belonging to the first-level zone.ru. Nonsense, right? (my wife, who checks errors in the article, will be happy to confirm this).

What domain levels are distinguished?

1. Root domain(level zero) is considered to be an empty entry, denoted simply by a dot (.). In theory, the full record of a domain name should always end with a period, but in most cases it is omitted (as if meaning) and instead of the record: site.

   They use the already well-established relative notation of domains (without a dot at the end):

2. Next comes the first level - this is usually regional(national) domains (.ru, .su, .ua, .us, .de, .fr, etc.) or thematic(.com, .edu, .org, .net, etc.). But there are also first-level domain names that include national alphabets(for example, .рф).
3. Second level- these are already the same domains that you and I we buy(we register with special registrars). Their prices vary not only depending on their belonging to a particular first-level domain (for example, xxxxxxx.ru is usually cheaper to buy than xxxxxxx.com), but also depending on the registrar (or its reseller - retailer).
4. Third, fourth, etc. — you no longer need to buy them (as a rule) and can be created independently (without registering anywhere) based on the purchased second-level domain. For example, I can create a name like this for a new site - forum..forum..

Let me explain all this again For example:

1. . (dot) - zero (root) level domain
2. ru - first level, also called domain top level or zone
3. website - second level domain name
4. blog.site - third level domain
5. net.blog.site - fourth level

Top (first) level domains

Apart from the zero level (root domain), because this is emptiness, then the base is the so-called zones or top-level domains(the name of any site begins with them, although it seems that it ends with them - but not the point). They can't be bought to an ordinary person, but it is from these zones that we will choose when purchasing a second-level domain (name for our website).

So what are they?

1. First (highest) level domains, assigned to countries, which are usually called among very smart people by the abbreviation Cctld, meaning country code top-level domain. Russia has two of them:
   1. su - a rudiment left over from Soviet Union and now representing the resource space in Russian
   2. ru - originally assigned to Russia
2. Domains with national alphabets, which are usually abbreviated Idn (internationalized domain name). In Russia it is zone.rf. In fact, their names are still written in English characters (recoding occurs), but this is, as it were, hidden from view. However, if you enter the address in your browser: http://ktonanovenkogo.rf/

   and after going to this site, copy its address from address bar, then you will get completely indigestible nonsense:

   Http://xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/ It turns out he looks so unpleasant. And it is in this form that it will have to be added to various services (such as ), and not in the form of ktonanovenkogo.rf. This needs to be taken into account. Yes, other problems are possible, although not obvious at first.

3. Upper generic domains, usually called Gtld, which means generic top-level domain, are registered (sold) regardless of the country in which the webmaster lives. The most used of them:
   1. .com - for commercial projects
   2. .org - for non-profit websites of various organizations
   3. .net - for Internet-related projects
   4. .edu - for educational institutions and projects
   5. .biz - only commercial organizations
   6. .info - for all information projects
   7. .name - for personal sites
   8. .gov - for US government agencies

How and where you can register (buy) a domain in top-level zones

As a rule, you can’t get second-level domain names just like that (and it’s better not to try, because the name for the site is too important to risk registering it with someone unknown). They cost money. Moreover payment is made annually, and then the domain lease needs to be renewed.

Let me draw your attention once again - buy second level domain names, and everything above - you can create on their basis yourself. This is usually done in the panel of your hoster in the subdomains section - these are third and higher level domains, such as blog..blog.site.

There are not so many such companies (prominent examples include RegRu And WebNames), but they may have a whole network of resellers (partners) who will select and sell domains on their behalf. If you are not satisfied with the current reseller in some way or you have any tension with him, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.

At all no limits You can buy domains in the public zones .com, .net, .org, .info, .biz and .name. In the .edu, .gov and .mil zones, this opportunity is provided only for institutions, as well as state educational and military institutions. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs, .aero, .asia.

Second level domain names in these public areas can be purchased from any registrar(not only national), which, in fact, is what some resources use, which may have conflicts with copyright holders. The same torrent was forced to move to the public zone org, because its resource was blocked in the national domain zone ru.

Second level domains - employment verification and Whois

There are already about half a billion domain names registered on the Internet in various zones, so choosing a good (short, simple, sonorous) name in the right zone is now very easy. not an easy task(just like it's difficult). A third of the registered names are not used at all, because they were purchased for resale (successful domains can be expensive on the secondary market - sometimes many millions of dollars).

Domain name occupancy check

Therefore, the first thing to do when selecting suitable domain for the site it is . This can be done at different registrars (the result will be the same, since they use a common database).

Therefore, when viewing domain information in the so-called whois records, you may find there your personal data that was required to be provided during registration. In my opinion, it is better to hide this information, because there are plenty of dashing people on the Internet (although, if you need problems out of the blue...).

Domain name history and purchasing vacant domains

The history of domain ownership can be traced in the so-called . There you can clearly see what kind of sites were ever hosted on this domain name, what they were like, and whether their history will affect the initial attitude of search engines to your site.

Below are released in this moment domains(click on price for detailed view):

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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United Arab Emirates
.AF - Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
.A.G.- Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.AI - Anguilla
.AL - Albania (Albania)
.A.M.- Armenia (Armenia)
.AN - Netherlands Antilles
.AO - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.AR - Argentina (Argentina)
.AS - American Samoa (American Samoa)
.AT- Austria (Austria)
.AU- Australia (Australia)
.AW - Aruba (Aruba)
.AX - Aland Islands
.AZ- Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.BA - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.BB - Barbados (Barbados)
.BD - Bangladesh
.BE- Belgium (Belgium)
.BF - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.BG - Bulgaria (Bulgaria)
.BH - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi (Burundi)
.BJ - Benin (Benin)
.BM - Bermuda (Bermuda)
.BN - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.BO - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.BR - Brazil (Brazil)
.BS - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.BT - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.BV - Bouvet Island
.BW - Botswana (Botswana)
.BY- Belarus (Belarus)
.BZ - Belize (Belize)
.C.A.- Canada
.CC- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.CD - Congo (Congo)
.CF - Central African Republic (Central African Republic)
.CG - Congo (Congo)
.CH- Switzerland
.CI - Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire)
.CK - Cook Islands
.CL - Chile (Chile)
.CM - Cameroon (Cameroon)
.CN- China (China)
.CO - Colombia
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.CS - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.CU - Cuba
.CV - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.CX - Christmas Island
.C.Y.- Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ- Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE- Germany (Germany)
.DJ- Djibouti (Djibouti)
.DK- Denmark
.DM - Dominica (Dominica)
.DO - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.DZ - Algeria (Algeria)
.EC - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.E.E.- Estonia (Estonia)
.E.G.- Egypt (Egypt)
.EH - Western Sahara
.ER - Eritrea (Eritrea)
.ES- Spain (Spain)
.ET - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU- European Union (European Union)
.FI- Finland (Finland)
.FJ - Fiji (Fiji)
.FK - Falkland Islands
.FM- Micronesia (Micronesia)
.FO - Faroe Islands
.FR- France (France)
.GA - Gabon (Gabon)
.GB - United Kingdom
.GD - Grenada (Grenada)
.G.E.- Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - French Guiana
.GG - Guernsey (Island of Guernsey)
.GH - Ghana (Ghana)
.GI - Gibraltar (Gibraltar)
.GL - Greenland (Greenland)
.GM - Gambia (Gambia)
.GN - Guinea (Guinea)
.GP - Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe)
.GQ - Equatorial Guinea
.GR- Greece (Greece)
.GS - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.GU - Guam
.GW - Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau)
.GY - Guyana (Guyana)
.HK - Hong Kong
.HM - Heard and McDonald Islands
.HN - Honduras (Honduras)
.HR - Croatia/Hrvatska (Croatia)
.HT - Haiti (Haiti)
.HU - Hungary (Hungary)
.ID - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.I.E.- Ireland
.IL- Israel (Israel)
.IM - Isle of Man (Isle of Man)
.IN- India (India)
.IO- British Indian Ocean Territory
.IQ - Iraq
.IR - Iran (Iran)
.IS - Iceland (Iceland)
.IT- Italy (Italy)
.JE - Jersey (Jersey Island)
.JM - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.JO - Jordan (Jordan)
.J.P.- Japan (Japan)
.KE - Kenya (Kenya)
.KG- Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.KH - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.KI - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.KM - Comoros (Comoros)
.KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
.KP - Korea (North Korea)
.KR - Korea (South Korea)
.KW - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.KY - Cayman Islands
.KZ- Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.L.A.- Laos (Laos)
.LB - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.LC - Saint Lucia (Saint Lucia)
.LI - Liechtenstein (Liechtenstein)
.LK - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.LR - Liberia (Liberia)
.LS - Lesotho (Lesotho)
.LT- Lithuania (Lithuania)
.LU - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV- Latvia (Latvia)
.LY - Libya (Libya)
.MA - Morocco (Morocco)
.MC - Monaco (Monaco)
.M.D.- Moldova (Moldova)
.MG - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.MH - Marshall Islands
.MK - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.ML - Mali (Mali)
.MM - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.MN - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.MO - Macau
.MP - Northern Mariana Islands
.MQ - Martinique (Martinique)
.MR - Mauritania (Mauritania)
.MS - Montserrat (Montserrat)
.MT - Malta (Malta)
.MU - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.MV - Maldives
.MW - Malawi (Malawi)
.MX - Mexico (Mexico)
.M.Y.- Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.NA - Namibia (Namibia)
.NC - New Caledonia
.NE - Niger (Niger)
.NF - Norfolk Island (Norfolk)
.NG - Nigeria (Nigeria)
.NI - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.NL - Netherlands (Netherlands)
.NO- Norway (Norway)
.NP - Nepal (Nepal)
.NR - Nauru (Nauru)
.NU- Niue
.NZ - New Zealand (New Zealand)
.OM - Oman (Oman)
.PA - Panama (Panama)
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.PF - French Polynesia (French Polynesia)
.PG - Papua New Guinea (Papua - New Guinea)
.PH - Philippines (Philippines)
.PK - Pakistan (Pakistan)
.P.L.- Poland (Poland)
.PM - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
.PN - Pitcairn Island (Pitcairn Island)
.PR - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.PS - Palestine (Palestine)
.P.T.- Portugal (Portugal)
.PW - Palau (Palau)
.PY - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - Qatar
.RE - Reunion Island
.R.O.- Romania (Romania)
.RU- Russian Federation (Russia)
.RW - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)
.SB - Solomon Islands
.SC - Seychelles (Seychelles)
.SD - Sudan (Sudan)
.S.E.- Sweden (Sweden)
.S.G.- Singapore
.SH- Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.SI - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.SJ - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.SL - Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone)
.SM - San Marino (San Marino)
.SN - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia (Somalia)
.SR - Suriname (Suriname)
.ST - Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome and Principe)
.S.U.- Soviet Union (USSR)
.SV - El Salvador (El Salvador)
.SY - Syria (Syria)
.SZ - Swaziland
.TC - Turks and Caicos Islands
.TD - Chad (Chad)
.TF - French Southern Territories
.TG - Togo (Togo)
.T.H.- Thailand (Thailand)
.T.J.- Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK- Tokelau (Tokelau)
.TL - Timor-Leste
.TM- Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
.TN - Tunisia (Tunisia)
.TO - Tonga
.TP - East Timor (East Timor)
.TR- Turkey (Türkiye)
.TT - Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago)
.TV- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.TW- Taiwan
.TZ - Tanzania (Tanzania)
.U.A.- Ukraine (Ukraine)
.UG - Uganda (Uganda)
.UK- United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
.UM - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US- United States
.UY - Uruguay (Uruguay)
.UZ- Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.VA - Holy See, Vatican (Vatican)
.VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
.VE - Venezuela (Venezuela)
.VG - Virgin Islands, British (Virgin Islands, British)
.VI - Virgin Islands, U.S. (Virgin Islands, USA)
.VN - Vietnam (Vietnam)
.VU - Vanuatu (Vanuatu)
.WF - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.W.S.- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.YE - Yemen (Yemen)
.YT - Mayotte
.YU - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA- South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

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What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones.

By the domain name you can find out some of the affiliation of the site: .ru - Russian-language sites, .ua - Ukrainian sites, .by - Belarusian sites, .com - commercial sites (from the word COMmerce). Although, without visiting a site only by domain, it is often not possible to absolutely correctly determine its ownership. Often, when purchasing a domain, webmasters rely only on its price, or on the availability of the name they are interested in in one of the zones. In Russia, for example, in addition to ru, the com zone (and not necessarily for a commercial site), the info, net, org zone are very popular.

You can check the availability of the domain you are interested in here:

domain RU - 99 RUR Russian Federation domain - 99 RUR

By the way, if you buy hosting from HTS.ru, then you will receive domain as a gift!

Domains come in several levels.

First level (top level) domains are not used for site names by themselves - this is what is placed at the end of all domains after a period. All first-level domains can be divided into two large parts: these are generic domains (public and limited availability) and national domains. First level domains are also called domain zone.

List of public domain zones

• com - commercial (commercial)
• edu - educational (educational)
• net - network (organizations that provide network operation)
• aero - (air transportation industry)
• gov - government
• int - International Organizations (international organizations)
• coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
• museum - (domain available for registration only to museums)
• mil - military (US military institutions)
• name - (created for domains like firstname.lastname.name)
• org - organization (non-profit organizations)
• pro - professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
• mobi - mobile (devices and mobile operators)
• info - information services (information nodes)
• biz - businesses, firms (commercial organizations)
• tv - television (television companies, organizations providing television services)
• arpa - ArpaNet

List of geographic top level domains

AD - Andorra	AE - United Arab Emirates	AF - Afghanistan
AG - Antigua & Barbuda	AI - Anguilla	AL - Albania
AM - Armenia	AN - Netherlands Antilles	AO - Angola
AQ - Antarctica	AR - Argentina	AS - American Samoa
AT - Austria	AU-Australia	AW - Aruba
AZ - Azerbaijan	BA - Bosnia & Herzegovina	BB - Barbados
BD - Bangladesh	BE - Belgium	BF - Burkina Faso
BG - Bulgaria	BH - Bahrain	BI - Burundi
BJ - Benin	BM - Bermuda	BN - Brunei Darussalam
BO - Bolivia	BR - Brazil	BS - The Bahamas
BT-Bhutan	BV - Bouvet Island	BW - Botswana
BY - Belarus	BZ - Belize	CA-Canada
CC - Cocos Islands	CF - Central Africa	CG - Congo
CH - Switzerland	CI - Cote d'Ivoire	CK - Cook Islands
CL - Chile	CM - Cameroon	CN - China
CO - Colombia	CR - Costa Rica	CU - Cuba
CV - Cape Verde	CX - Christmas Island	CY - Cyprus
CZ - Czech Rep.	DE - Germany	DJ - Djibouti
DK - Denmark	DM - Dominica	DO - Dominican Rep.
DZ - Algeria	EC-Ecuador	EE - Estonia
EG - Egypt	EH - Western Sahara	ER - Eritrea
ES - Spain	ET - Ethiopia	FI - Finland
FJ - Fiji	FK - Falkland Islands	FM - Micronesia
FO - Faroe Islands	FR - France	FX - France Metr.
GA - Gabon	GD - Grenada	GE - Georgia
GF - French Guyana	GG-Guernsey	GH - Ghana
GI - Gibraltar	GL-Greenland	GM-Gambia
GN - Guinea	GP - Guadeloupe	GQ - Equatorial Guinea
GR - Greece	GS - South Georgia	GT - Guatemala
GU - Guam	GW - Guinea Bissau	GY - Guyana
HK - Hong Kong	HM-Heard	HN-Honduras
HR - Croatia	HT - Haiti	HU - Hungary
ID - Indonesia	IE - Ireland	IL - Israel
IM - Isle of Man	IN - India	IO - British Indian Ocean
IQ - Iraq	IR - Iran	IS - Iceland
IT - Italy	JE - Jersey	JM - Jamaica
JO-Jordan	JP - Japan	KE - Kenya
KG - Kyrgyzstan	KH - Cambodia	KI-Kiribati
KM-Comoros	KN-St. Kitts and Nevis	KP - Korea, North
KR - Korea, South	KW - Kuwait	KY - Cayman Islands
KZ - Kazakhstan	LA - Laos	LB-Lebanon
L.C.-St. Lucia	LI - Liechtenstein	LK - Sri Lanka
LR - Liberia	LS - Lesotho	LT - Lithuania
LU - Luxembourg	LV - Latvia	LY - Libya
MA - Morocco	MC - Monaco	MD - Moldova
MG - Madagascar	MH - Marshall Isl.	MK - Macedonia
ML - Mali	MM - Myanmar	MN - Mongolia
MO - Macao	MP - North Mariana I.	MQ - Martinique
MR - Mauritania	MS - Montserrat	MT - Malta
MU - Mauritius	MV - Maldives	MW - Malawi
MX - Mexico	MY - Malaysia	MZ - Mozambique
NA - Namibia	NC - New Caledonia	NE-Niger
NF - Norfolk Island	NG - Nigeria	NI - Nicaragua
NL - Netherlands	NO - Norway	NO - St. Pierre-Miquelon
NP-Nepal	NR - Nauru	NU - Niue
NZ - New Zealand	OM - Oman	PA - Panama
PE - Peru	PF - French Polynesia	PG - Papua New Guinea
PH - Philippines	PK - Pakistan	PL - Poland
PN - Pitcairn	PR - Puerto Rico	PT - Portugal
PW - Palau	PY - Paraguay	QA - Qatar
RE - Reunion	RO - Romania	RU - Russia
RW-Rwanda	SA - Saudi Arabia	SB - Solomon Islands
SC - Seychelles	SD - Sudan	SE - Sweden
SG - Singapore	SH-St. Helena	SI - Slovenia
SJ-Svalbard	SK - Slovakia	SL - Sierra Leone
SM - San Marino	SN - Senegal	SO-Somalia
SR - Suriname	ST - Sao Tome-Principe	SV - El Salvador
SY - Syria	SZ - Swaziland	TC - Turk-Caicos I.
TD - Chad	TF - French South T.	TG-Togo
TH - Thailand	TJ - Tajikistan	TK - Tokelau
TM - Turkmenistan	TN - Tunisia	TO-Tonga
TP-East Timor	TR - Turkey	TT - Trinidad-Tobago
TV - Tuvalu	TW - Taiwan	TZ - Tanzania
UA - Ukraine	UG - Uganda	UK - United Kingdom
UM - Minor Outlying I.	US - United States	UY - Uruguay
UZ - Uzbekistan	VA - Vatican	V.C.-St. Vincent-Grenadines
VE-Venezeula	VG - Virgin Islands (BR)	VI - Virgin Islands (US)
VN - Vietnam	VU - Vanuatu	WF - Wallis and Futuna I.
WS - Samoa	YE-Yemen	YT - Mayotte
YU - Yugoslavia	ZA - South Africa	ZM-Zambia
ZR-Zaire

As can be seen, among domains general purpose there are those that are available for registration to any user (COM, NET, ORG, INFO, BIZ, NAME, etc.), and those that are available only to organizations that match the status of the domain zone (these are INT domains that are allocated for international organizations, EDU - for US higher education institutions, GOV - for US government organizations, etc.).

National (geographic) domains– these are two-letter first-level domains that are assigned by the international organization Internet Assigned Numbers Authority in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of these countries. Currently, there are about 243 national domains in the world, including RU, SU, UA, DE, US, UK, JP and others.

Domain.RU is a national domain Russian Federation. If your site will be visited mainly by people from Russia or your company operates in Russia, then a domain in the .RU zone is ideal for the address of your site (besides, it is one of the cheapest). Also, there is an opinion that sites on .RU domains are more readily indexed by Yandex.

When adding a word before the first level domain we get second level domain(for example, a website). If you add one more keyword, then it turns out third level domain(for example, news.yandex.ru), which is also called sub-domain. Subdomains are often used to host different sections of one website, or to publish a website in another language. Search engines consider subdomains to be different sites (if they are not mirrors of the main site). Subdomains are also used as free gift domains on hosting. The same principle is used to form fourth level domains, but on the Internet they are extremely rare, which, in general, is correct, because their names are difficult to remember.

All domains are registered to an individual or legal entity. Domain owner information displayed in whois (from who is - “who?”). Whois service is provided, for example, by this site www.networksolutions.com/whois/. The information displays the name of the owner, his contact information, the hosting on which this site is attached, and the date of registration. If desired, some registrars can hide registration information about the owner, leaving only the contact e-mail and hosting address. This is carried out by the private person service.

Choosing a domain for your website, or a company website, is not as simple as it seems at first glance. The domain must contain a certain word (or phrase) and reflect either the name of the company or the direction of its activity. It should be easy to understand by ear (in case you have to dictate it over the phone), memorable and associated with your company. It is also desirable that, without knowing the site address, but using his intuition, the user can enter the domain correctly (example - Odnoklassniki).

The difficulty is that millions of domains have already been registered, and finding the right one is sometimes extremely difficult. At the same time, not all domains are registered for direct use; many are registered as a reserve, for future resale (cybersquatting), or to make money by parking domains.

For serious projects, it is recommended to register 2nd level domains in all popular international zones and in all spelling variants at once. This is done for two reasons: perhaps the user will confuse the zone, or make a mistake in the name, but will still end up on your site, and this will prevent the possibility of blackmail by cybersquatters.

Oddly enough, the cheapest is the most popular domain.ru. For example, you can buy it in just for 99 rubles per year!

In general, a domain is an integral part of the Internet, a source of income and the first stage in creating a website.

Domain levels

Domains are divided into first (top), second and third level. Moreover, if you look at the composition of a domain name, then the domains are read from right to left.

Root domain - root domain. The top-level domain is marked with a “dot” (zero level). In common usage, the "dot" is not displayed as part of the domain name.

Top (first level) domains.

Top-level domain names are also called domain zones.

First (top) level domains include domain names like .ru, .рф, .su, .com, .net, .club.

Top-level domains are divided into several groups:

1. Country code top level domains (cctld). On the territory of the Russian Federation, such domains include the domain zones .RU, .РФ, .SU. National domains also include domain zones: .ua (Ukraine), .de (Germany), .eu (European Union).
2. International (generic) top-level domains (generic Top Level Domain (gTLD). These are such domain zones as: .com, .info, .biz, .name, .org.
3. New international top-level domains ( new gTLD). These domain zones are thematically focused on various areas of life and business: hobbies and everyday life (.photography, .gallery, .garden), business and finance (.finance, .money, .business), sports and entertainment (.bike, .fitness, .bar), style and beauty (.style, .best, .fashion), professional activity(.guru, .expert, .lawyer).

Second level domains.

Second-level domains are registered on first-level domains. It is second-level domains that are common for commercial use. For example, second-level domains are sites hoster..com.

Third level domains.

Third-level domains can be created on second-level domains. Third-level domains include such domains as filanco.com.ua, datahouse.com.ru.

For commercial use on the territory of the Russian Federation, registration of geographic and industry domains in domain zones: ru.net, com.ru, msk.ru, sbp.ru.

International gTLDs

Biz - websites for business
.com - websites of commercial organizations
.edu - educational resources
.gov - government websites
.info - information sites
.mil - websites of military organizations
.movie - official movie sites
.museum - museum websites
.net - providers and network organizations
.org - non-profit organizations
.pro - for professionals
.tv - websites of television companies

Name - personal domain

Club - domain for a club of common interests

Xyz - universal domain

Center - somewhat similar to the .club zone, but wider. The domain can be interpreted as both a “center for like-minded people” and a “shopping center.”

Domains from different countries

Am - Armenia

At - Austria
.az – Azerbaijan

Be - Belgium
.bg - Bulgaria

By – Belarus
.ch - Switzerland

Cn - China

Co - Colombia
.de - Germany

Dk - Denmark
.ee – Estonia

Eg - Egypt
.es - Spain

Eu - Europe
.fi - Finland

Fr - France
.gb - UK

Ge – Georgia
.gr - Greece

HR from Croatia
.hu - Hungary

Ie - Ireland
.il - Israel

In - India
.is - Iceland

It - Italy
.jp - Japan

Kg - Kyrgyzstan
.kz – Kazakhstan

Li - Liechtenstein
.lt – Lithuania

Lu from Luxembourg
.lv – Latvia

Ly - Libya
.md - Moldova

Mn - Mongolia
.nl - Netherlands

No - Norway
.nt - Neutral Zone

Pl - Poland
.pt - Portugal

Ro - Romania
.ru - Russia

SE - Sweden
.si - Slovenia

Sk - Slovakia
.su - Former USSR

Tj – Tajikistan
.tm - Turkmenistan

Tr – Türkiye
.ua - Ukraine

UK - United Kingdom
.us - USA

Uz - Uzbekistan
.va - Vatican