Modems: subtleties, tricks, secrets. AT Huawei modem commands for Hyperterminal At command to enable phone memory

The most used at commands when working with Huawei modems

ATI - modem information output
AT CFUN=1 – reboot the modem without plugging the port
AT CGMI - information about the modem manufacturer
AT CGMR - information about the firmware version
AT CIMI - IMSI information SIM number cards
AT CGSN - modem IMEI information
AT^HWVER - information about the modem hardware version
AT CSQ - radio signal level
AT^CMDL - get a list of all commands
AT CGMM or AT GMM - model name
AT COPS - information about the current operator
AT^U2DIAG? - current mode.
AT^GETPORTMODE – list of all devices in the modem
AT^VERSION? - information about the modem firmware version
AT CLAC response will contain a list of supported commands

Enable or disable 2G and 3G modes:

AT^SYSCFG=13,1,3fffffff,0,0 – 2G only mode
AT^SYSCFG=2,1,3fffffff,0,0 – 2G mode preferred
AT^SYSCFG=14,2,3fffffff,0,1 – 3G only mode
AT^SYSCFG=2,2,3fffffff,0,1 – 3G mode is preferred
AT^SYSCFG=2,2,3fffff ff,0,2 – mode enable 2G and 3G

Enabling or disabling WCDMA, HSDPA, HSPA, HSPA modes:

AT^HSDPA=1 – HSDPA mode is enabled
AT^HSDPA=0 – HSDPA mode is disabled
AT^HSUPA=1 – HSUPA mode is enabled
AT^HSUPA=0 – HSUPA mode is disabled
AT^HSPA=0 – WCDMA mode
AT^HSPA=1 – HSDPA mode
AT^HSPA=2 – HSPA mode
AT^HSPA=3 – HSPA mode
AT^SYSCFG=13,1,3FFFFFFF,2,4 – GPRS/EDGE only mode
AT^SYSCFG=14,2,3FFFFFFF,2,4 – 3G/WCDMA only mode
AT^SYSCFG=2,1,3FFFFFFF,2,4 – GPRS/EDGE mode is preferred
AT^SYSCFG=2,2,3FFFFFFF,2,4 – 3G/WCDMA mode preferred

Commands required to unlock the modem (modem unlocking)

AT^CARDLOCK="NCK Code" – code entry and unlocking
AT^CARDUNLOCK="MD5 NCK Code" – reset code entry attempts
AT^CARDLOCK? – checking modem blocking and code entry attempts
For example, the modem’s response is CARDLOCK: A,B,0, if A=2 the modem is unlocked, A=1 the modem is locked – SimLock, if A=3 there are two options: either you have used up all 10 attempts to enter the code, or you have customized firmware in the modem , B – number of remaining attempts to enter the unlock code (default 10 times))

Changing modem mode
AT^U2DIAG= change modem mode CD ROM, Flash drive, PC UI, NDIS

AT commands for Huawei E171 modems with firmware v21.156.00.00.143, E352, E353, E367, E398, etc.

AT^SETPORT="A1,A2,1,2,3,7,A1,A2" (Set default configuration)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2,1,2,3,7" (device in modem network card mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,2,3,A2" (device in "Card Reader modem" mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,2,3" (device in "modem only" mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,2,7" (device in "CD-ROM network card" mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2,2,7" (device in "network card" mode) - for Windows 7
AT^SETPORT="A1;1,2" (device in modem user interface mode)
AT^SETPORT? (Current modem configuration)
AT^GETPORTMODE (Display the current active mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2,1,2,3,7,A1,A2,4,5,6,A,B,D,E" (Reset to default)

Default network mode settings for Huawei E352
at^hspa?
^HSPA: 2
AT^SETPORT?
A1,A2;1,2,3,7,A1,A2
AT^SYSCFG?
^SYSCFG:2,2,3FFFFFFF,1,2

Network mode settings for Huawei E352b with firmware 21.158.23.00.209
AT^SETPORT?
A1,A2;1,16,3,2,A1,A2

AT commands for Huawei E1750 modem
AT commands for switching modes Huawei E1750
AT^U2DIAG=0 (device in modem only mode)
AT^U2DIAG=1 (device in CD-ROM modem mode)
AT^U2DIAG=6 (device in network card only mode)
AT^U2DIAG=268 for E1750 (device in CD-ROM Card Reader modem mode)
AT^U2DIAG=276 for E1750 (device in CD-ROM Card Reader network card mode)
AT^U2DIAG=256 (device in Card Reader modem mode, can be used as a regular flash drive)
AT commands for switching network modes Huawei E1750
AT^SYSCFG=14,2,3fffffff,1,2 (3G only)
AT^SYSCFG=13,1,3fffffff,1,2 (GSM only)
AT^SYSCFG=2,2,3fffffff,1,2 (3G Priority)

AT commands for switching network modes for the Huawei E1820 (E182E) modem
AT^SYSCFG=13,2,3fffffff,1,2 - GSM only
AT^SYSCFG=2,1,3fffffff,1,2 - predominantly GSM
AT^SYSCFG=14,2,3fffffff,1,2 - WCDMA only
AT^SYSCFG=2,2,3fffffff,1,2 - predominantly WCDMA

AT commands for Huawei E3131 modem
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,16,3,2,A1,A2" - (Set default configuration)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,2,3,16,A1,A2" - (mode for operating a modem with Android 4.0 (sometimes it works))
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,16,3,2" - (device in modem network card mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,3,2,A2" - (device in “Card Reader modem” mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,3,2" - (device in “modem only” mode)
AT^SETPORT="FF;1,2" (device in modem user interface mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;2,16" - (device in “network card” mode)
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;2,16,A1" - (device in “CD-ROM network card” mode)

AT commands for Huawei E3131Hilink modem
Here is the link
AT^U2DIAG=0 Switching the modem from Hilink mode to com ports mode
AT^U2DIAG=119 Return to original mode

AT commands for Huawei E303 HiLink modem
Here is the link
AT^U2DIAG=374 Transferring the modem from Hilink mode to com ports mode
AT^U2DIAG=375 Return to original mode

AT commands for Huawei E3272 modem
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;62,61,76,A1,A2" - Default setting for MTS 824F.
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;10,12,16,A1,A2" - Default setting for Megafon M100-4.

AT commands for Huawei E3372 modem
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;A1,A2" - Default setting for MTS 827F.
AT^SYSCFG="2,2,3FFFFFFF,1,2" - Default setting for MTS 827F.

AT commands for Huawei E3276 modem
AT^SETPORT="A1;10,12,13,14,16,A1,A2" - Enables all COM ports.
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;12,16,A1,A2" - Default setting.
AT^SETPORT=”A1;10,12” - modem only mode
AT^SYSCFGEX? - default value
^SYSCFGEX:"00",3FFFFFFF,1,2,800C5
AT^SYSCFGEX=?
^SYSCFGEX: ("00","01","02","03"),((2000000400380,"GSM900/GSM1800/WCDMA900/WCDMA2100"),(2a80000,"GSM850/GSM1900/AWS/WCDMA1900"), (3ffffffff,"All bands")),(0-2),(0-4),((800c5,"LTE_B1/LTE_B3/LTE_B7/LTE_B8/LTE_B20"),(7ffffffffffffffff,"All bands"))
AT^FHVER - shows information about the firmware version and HW version (^FHVER:"E3276s-210 21.260.05.00.143,CH2E3276SM Ver.B")

AT commands for Huawei E3531 modem
AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;1,16,3,2,A1,A2" - Default setting for MTS 423S.
AT^FHVER - - shows information about the firmware version and hardware version (^FHVER:"E3531s-1EA 21.318.15.00.143,CH1E3531SM Ver.A")

AT commands for switching modes in Huawei modems with LTE (E392, E398)
If the mode is only LTE, disabling all others, enter the AT command:
AT^SYSCFGEX="03",3ffffffff,2,4,7ffffffffffffffff,
The first value is deciphered as follows:
00 - Auto mode in order of priority: 4G > 3G > 2G
01 - GSM GPRS(2G)
02 - WCDMA(3G)
03 - LTE(4G)
99 - Current settings unchanged.

AT commands are designed to control modems. Essentially, these are strings of characters that begin with the letters AT and end with carriage returns. However, in the initialization line, closing elements are generated automatically. AT command characters can be either uppercase or lowercase. Spaces may be placed between individual commands.

Additional features

In addition to performing basic actions related to switching modem modes, AT commands can control the S-registers of the communication device. They contain a variety of service information that is necessary to ensure the operation of the modem. For example, the S-register can store constants that determine the latency, the types of protocols used, the levels of input and output signals, and so on. The number of registers is determined by the modem developer, sometimes their total number is several hundred. However, it is accepted that the first 13 such nodes retain the purpose defined by the manufacturer. Despite the fact that each user can modify and read the contents of the S-registers at his own discretion, we should not forget that there is a very complex relationship between the data in different nodes of the system. So arbitrary changes to any registers may lead to the fact that in the future it will be impossible to use standard programs for working on the Internet.

Basic AT commands that are most often used in modems

1. L0-L3 - means speaker volume. The numbers correspond to minimum, low, medium and maximum levels.

2. In - means a request for data from the modem's permanent storage device, where n corresponds to the number of the first command.

3. M0-M3 - speaker state, where:

0 - device turned off;

1 - the speaker is turned on from “picking up the handset” until the connection is established;

2 - the device is always turned off;

3 - the speaker turns on only after pressing the last digit in the number, and turns off after establishing a communication session.

4. P and T - corresponds to the use of pulse (PULSE) and tone (TONE) dialing.

5. S - working with modem registers. SO? matches the SO node content request. SO=1 means assignment this register state of the unit.

6. Z - implies that the contents of all nodes are set to the initial level.

7. &F - corresponds to the restoration of information in the S-registers of the modem from a permanent storage device. This data is recorded by the modem manufacturer and cannot be changed by the user.

8. &W - means writing the contents of all registers into a special non-volatile memory in order to save user settings.

AT commands for GSM modems

According to GSM standards 07.07, controls for determining the “context” must have the following form: +CGDCONT=[[, [,[,[,[,[,[,…[,pdN]]]]]]]]]. Let's look at what this entry means (AT command):

1. cid is the context identifier. Always an integer with a "+" sign. Its maximum value is determined by the device model.

2. PDP_type - means the protocol type.

3. APN - name of the access point, set by the cellular operator.

4. d_comp - means PDP data compression, where 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.

5. h_comp - corresponds to PDP header compression, where 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.

6. pd1 …pdN - implies string parameters specific to of this type protocol.

Introduction to AT Commands

Technically, a modem is a kind of computer containing a microprocessor, read-only memory, and the like. It should be noted that in terms of “computing power” modern modems are comparable to computers ten years ago; for example, ZyXEL modems use the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the same one that served as the “heart” of the first Apple computers Macintosh, Amiga and even first generation Sun Microsystems workstations. Today's technical innovations have also found their place in modems: for example, the increasingly popular USRobotics Courier modems (and not only them) contain ROM based on flash memory, which allows you to upgrade control firmware on the fly. But still, what is important for the user is not what chips are installed in the modem, but how it works:

speed and reliability of data exchange, as well as compatibility with modems from other manufacturers. To find out these parameters, as a rule, you do not need to disassemble the device - just look at the standards it supports.

Towards standards high level These include the so-called hayes commands, or AT commands. They allow you to control the modem almost directly: change the value of registers, dial phone number and much more. So, for example, the command ATDP123-45-67 means that the modem should call the telephone number 123-45-67, using the standard pulse dialing system for Russian telephone exchanges, and the command ATN indicates the need to break the connection. It is easy to notice that these commands begin with the prefix AT, true for almost the entire specified set, which gave one of the names to the standard.

For the first time such a command system appeared in the Smartmodem modem, released by the company Hayes(the reason for the appearance otherwise known) and quickly became the industry standard. After some time, it was significantly expanded, but the basic core that performs the necessary functions was preserved.

Modem commands

The modem supports standard and extended sets of Hayes commands. The AT (Attention Code) prefix may be followed by one or more commands. These commands are written in industry standard language and allow you to communicate with the modem. Your modem is always either in command mode or in direct control mode (online mode). As soon as you turn on the modem, it goes into command mode. This means that AT commands can only be sent to the modem when it is in command mode. Inputting commands in direct modem operation mode is recognized by the modem itself as data input. However, AT commands can be loaded into the modem in terminal mode using the appropriate software.

Any AT command entered into the modem automatically remains in it until it is unloaded from it or the modem is turned off.

Command line for AT commands

All AT commands, with the exception of two, must begin with characters. The exceptions are the escape sequence +++ and the repeat / command. Prefix command line(AT characters) is not case sensitive. You can enter one or more commands on one line. In the latter case, all commands can be separated by spaces, which are ignored by the modem through its AT command interpreter.

You can enter up to 39 characters on the command line, including A and T, excluding spaces and carriage returns. If you enter more than 39 characters, a syntax error message will appear on the screen.

AT Command Acknowledgment

The modem immediately confirms most AT commands typed at the command line. Once you enter last character command and press carriage return, the modem will respond with a short message: OK

Basic AT Commands

The following basic AT commands are only available in the terminal mode of your modem.

AT

All but two AT commands begin with this prefix.

D

Dial the number. You can use this command to dial a phone number directly from the command line. The command format is as follows:

ATD

The string parameter can contain up to 45 characters. Do not use parentheses or hyphens here.

ESC sequence. This is one of two commands that are not used in the AT prefix. After connecting to another modem, you may need to return to command mode. To do this, you must type the + symbol on the keyboard three times in a row. After this, the modem will respond with OK and you will return to command mode.

A/ Repeat. This command does not use a prefix AT and you don't

you need to press carriage return. Entering this command causes the modem to repeat the last AT command entered. A very useful command for redialing a phone number.

&Fn

Initial settings. This team (n=0 or n=1) returns all modem parameters that were set to it by the manufacturer.

N

Hang up. This command sends a signal to the modem, after which the line is disconnected.

ABOUT

Online mode of operation with the modem. This command returns the modem to direct control mode. Typically used to resume communication after entering the +++ escape sequence.

Zn

Reboot the modem. This team (n=0 or n==1) reboots the modem and returns it to the settings that are stored in the so-called flash memory (non-volatile memory) of the modem.

Command modifiers for dialing a telephone number

Modifier! commands for dialing a telephone number allow you to set additional parameters that will force the modem to automatically perform certain functions. Command modifiers for dialing a telephone number are only available if you have already entered the AT command D, i.e. There should be a phone number dialing line on the screen.

Syntax:

ATO (modifier) ​​1234567 Basic modifiers for dialing a telephone number:

R

Pulse dial. This modifier is entered after the D command and precedes the telephone number. Example:

ATDP 3243781

Tone set. This modifier is entered after the D command and precedes the telephone number. Example:

ATDT 3243781

It must be said that tone and pulse methods of dialing a telephone number can be combined in the dialing line.

Return to command mode after dialing a phone number. If you need to dial a phone number that is too long (more than 45 characters), you can use this modifier to separate multiple commands on the dial line.

All commands except the last one must contain this modifier.

Pause while dialing a phone number. This modifier causes the modem to pause dialing the phone number. The modem will pause for the number of seconds specified in the S8 register and then continue dialing the number. If you need a longer pause, simply enter another modifier. In the following example, the command accesses an external (public) telephone line with "nine":

ATDP 9, 5551212

!

Phone call forwarding. This modifier is used when several modems use one telephone line. Example:

ATDP! 268

W

Determine Next Answer telephone exchange. This modifier is used when you need to wait for the telephone exchange to answer and continue dialing the telephone number. Example:

ATDP 8W 902 6810085

Phone calls

The following example demonstrates how you can make a call using AT command modifiers to dial a telephone number.

ATD 1234567

Here the modem dials the phone number 1234567 and then waits for a response from the station or the remote modem. If the line is not detected, the modem automatically (after a period of time determined by the S6 register) issues a message NO CARRIER, those. impossible to connect. If the line is detected, the modem displays a message CONNECT and starts talking to the remote modem. The connection between two modems is terminated whenever either modem performs any negative actions:

The source modem is not able to recognize this

called the carrier signal from the remote modem.

The command H (hang up) is transmitted.

The DTR interface between the source DTE and the modem itself is broken if the commands are activated &D2 and &D3:

AT&F1DT9,P5551234

This command restores the default settings, dials the number using touch tone, accesses the outside line through the "nine", pauses briefly and finally dials the telephone number 555-1234.

How to dial a phone number using your telephone, modem, and AT commands

You can manually dial a phone number. To do this, you must enter the command (terminal) mode of your modem, pick up the handset and simply dial the desired telephone number. Now:

Enter the command ATN1, and press Enter in order to connect to your modem.

Enter the command ATO, and press Enter in order for the modem to start working in online mode.

We answer manually

If the answering machine function (register S1) is not used, then you can answer all incoming calls yourself. To do this, simply enter the following command:

The ATA Modem will respond and switch back to online mode.

Field programmable NVRAM

All modem settings are reduced to correct installation NVRAM register values. NVRAM is a user-programmable memory that retains data when the power is turned off. NVRAM is used in modems to store the default configuration that is loaded into RAM when turned on. NVRAM programming is done in any terminal program using AT commands. A complete list of commands can be obtained in the terminal program using the AT$ commands AT&$ATS$ AT%$.

Write factory settings to NVRAM with hardware data control - command AT&F1, then make adjustments to the modem settings in conjunction with a specific telephone line and write them to NVRAM using the command AT&W.

AT #CLS=

This command sets the operating mode of the modem:

= 0 (Installed), Data transfer mode. = 1, Class 1 Fax Mode. = 2, Class 2.0 Fax Mode. = 8, Voice mode. Return value:

OK

The modem has successfully switched to the required operating mode.

ERROR

The modem does not support this operating mode.

AT #CLS?

The modem returns to the current operating mode.

AT #CLS=?

The modem returns possible operating modes:

0,1,2,8

OK

.

AT A

The modem connects to the telephone line and goes into answer mode, immediately returning a result code VCON.

ATD

The modem connects to the telephone line and dials a telephone number.

Return value:

VCON

The modem returns this value when the remote station goes off-hook.

NO CARRIER

The modem issues this result code if long beeps are detected continuously for the time specified in the S7 register.

BUSY

The modem issues this result code when detecting short beeps.

NO DIAL TONE

The modem returns this value if there is no station signal on the line after picking up the handset.

ATN

With this command, the modem hangs up and switches to data transfer mode, but does not violate any voice parameters. The modem also establishes a telephone line as an input/output device.

AT #BDR=

Set the data exchange rate between the modem and computer according to the following scheme:

= 0 (Installed), Automatic detection. = 1, Set the baud rate to 2400 bps- = 2, Set the baud rate to 4800 bps. = 4, Set the baud rate to 9600 bps. = 8, Set the baud rate to 19200 bps.

= 16, Set the baud rate to 38400 bps. = 24, Set the baud rate to 57600 bps. Return value:

OK

The modem has successfully reset the baud rate.

ERROR

The modem does not support this value for the baud rate.

AT #BDR?

The modem returns the set baud rate.

AT #BDR=?

The modem returns possible values ​​for the baud rate:

0,1,2,4,8,16,24

.

AT #VBS=

This command sets how voice data is encoded:

= 2, Set the encoding method to 2-bit, which provides the highest compression ratio with satisfactory audio quality.

= 3, Set the encoding method to 3-bit, which provides a medium compression ratio with average audio quality.

= 4 (Set), Set the 4-bit encoding method, which provides best quality sound at the lowest compression ratio.

Return value:

OK

The modem has successfully reset the encoding method.

ERROR

The modem does not support this encoding method.

AT #VBS?

The modem returns the current voice encoding method followed by the result code OK.

AT #VBS=?

The modem returns possible methods voice data coding:

2,3,4

OK

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VSR=

This command sets the speed required for the computer to play and read voice data:

= 8000 (Installed), Set the playback and recording speed to 8000 Hertz.

Return value:

OK The modem has successfully set the required speed.

ERROR

The modem does not support this speed value.

AT#VSR?

The modem returns the set speed of playback and reading of voice data.

AT #VSR=?

The modem returns possible values ​​for the speed of playback and reading of voice data: 8000.

OK

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VTD=, ,

This team controls Various types signals to detect them and return the necessary codes to the computer in voice playback, voice recording modes and while connecting to a telephone line, respectively.

AT #VSD=

This command is intended to enable or disable silence detection in voice recording mode:

<п> = 0 (Installed), Modem detects silence. <п> = 1, The modem does not detect silence.

AT #VLS=

The modem installs an input/output device for playing and recording voice data.

The following I/O devices are available:

= 0, (Installed) Telephone line.

= 1, Telephone connected to the "TELCO" socket. = 2, External speaker. = 3, Microphone. = 4, Internal speaker. Return value:

OK

The modem has successfully reset the I/O device.

ERROR

The modem does not support this I/O device.

AT #VLS?

The modem returns the current I/O device followed by the result code OK.

AT #VLS=?

The modem returns allowed I/O devices:

0,1,2,3,4

OK

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VCI?

The modem returns the supported voice compression mode.

AT #VTX

This command puts the modem into voice playback mode.

The modem begins the voice playback process by sending the resulting CONNECT code to the computer. The modem then waits for the character to separate voice data from the general stream. The computer can interrupt the voice playback process at any time by sending characters to the modem . After completing the ongoing process of reproducing voice data, the modem transmits the resulting VCON code to the computer:

CONNECT

VCON

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VRX

This command puts the modem into recording mode for voice data from the current I/O device.

Voice recording begins with the modem returning the result code CONNECT to the computer. The modem then sends the symbol to the computer to separate voice data from the general stream. The computer can interrupt the process of recording voice data at any time by sending any character other than And . Completing the started voice recording process, the modem adds the characters to the end of the voice data and returns the resulting VCON code:

CONNECT

VCON

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VTS=[ ,,]

This command is designed to generate a DTFM signal. The signal generation line consists of three numbers, which must be separated by commas and enclosed in square brackets. DCE will interpret the first and second numbers as the frequencies of the two-tone tone, and the third as the duration of the tone.

The frequency range is from 200 to 3300 Hz, with a frequency of 0 indicating silence. The duration range is from 0 to 255, and is measured in 0.1 seconds.

Return value:

OK

The modem completed the command successfully.

ERROR

Options , or are not within acceptable limits.

AT #MDL?

The modem returns the model ID.

AT #MFR?

The modem returns the identifier of the manufacturer where it was manufactured.

AT #REV?

The modem returns the revision date.

AT #VBT=

This command sets the duration of the DTMF signal generation. Used in conjunction with the AT #VTS command. The parameter for this command ranges from 1 to 40. The duration of the signal is measured in 0.1 seconds.

Return value:

OK

This value is returned to the modem if the command is completed successfully.

ERROR

The modem returns this value if the parameter is not within acceptable limits.

AT #VBT?

The modem returns the current signal generation duration DTFM.

AT #VBT=?

The modem returns possible values ​​for the duration of the DTFM signal generation.

OK

Each line ends with characters .

AT #CID=

This command is for managing the call ID.

= 0, (Installed) Disable caller ID.

= 1, Formatted data output. = 2, Unformatted data output. Return value:

OK

The modem successfully changed the value for the call ID.

ERROR

The modem does not support this option for call ID.

AT #CID?

The modem returns the current value for the call ID.

AT #CID=?

The modem returns supported values ​​for the call ID: i

0,1,2

OK

Each line ends with characters .

AT #VBQ?

The modem returns the size of the buffers for input and i output voice data:

TX BUF= 512

RXBUF=512

OK

Each line ends with characters . <

Description of some key i expressions of the BISYNC protocol ^

This character is usually used to separate voice data from the general stream, and begins the process of recording or playing voice. The joint use of this symbol with the symbol deserves special attention<ЕТХ>: These two characters are automatically added to the end of the voice data when recording a voice, they are also intended to interrupt the voice recording process. Hexadecimal value of the character there are 10.

<ЕТХ>

This symbol is used in conjunction with the symbol to interrupt the voice recording process, and these two characters are automatically added to the end of the voice data. And first comes the symbol , and then<ЕТХ>. Hexadecimal value of the character<ЕТХ>there is 03.

Hacking USRobotics modems

All of the following are only valid for Sportster modems with the command running A.T.G.W. It’s very easy to check this - you need to write in any terminal computer ATGWO,55 and press Enter. If the modem answers OK, this means this command works. Keep in mind that the command ATGWO,55 by itself does not give anything.

So, you can simply dial two secret commands to turn your modem into a more advanced USR Courier modem. But this, unfortunately, is only possible for one single model, which has a checksum of ld51 or ld52. What is your amount, you can find out through the command ATP.

Sportster and Courier modems: main differences

1. Title.

2. Adaptive Speed ​​Leveling (ASL).

3. Voice/Data switch with programmable functions (external models). Can be soldered into the modem after converting it to Courier.

4. Call duration reporting (Clock operations). This is a function that switches in two modes: the modem works as a stopwatch and measures time in hours, minutes and seconds from the moment it is initialized; or it shows the duration of the last (or current) session.

5. Automated redialing (the ">" command). When you specify the AT command, the modem will repeat the last command until you press any key.

6. Leased 1MF operations. Leased Line - A pair of wires leased from the telephone company or made by you.

7. Three additional levels of^call progress reporting (X5, X6, X7). According to these instructions, when dialing a number, the modem will return not only CONNECT, BU^Y, but also VOICE (if the other end answered with a voice. The most unpleasant thing: the modem perceives any sneeze on the line as a voice, so this function does not work on our lines ) and HINGING (for each long beep; only works with digital stations and some older, analogue ones). Set X7.

8. Stored command execution (AT&ZC). Used in Voice/Data switch. The necessity of this function is doubtful.

9. Selectively enable/disable transmitter for receive-only (monitor) mode. This is for debugging the modem.

10. Touchtone recognition (%T). In most modems it does not work at all due to a bug in the firmware.

11. More dialed number memory locations.

12.Compatabile with USR"s Total Control Management system. "MSK" flag according to AT17.

13. Several more "AT" commands and "S" registers.

14. Several more command/connect responses.

ASL

ASL - Adaptive Speed ​​Leveling is an extension of the v32 protocol, in which the modem will increase the speed as the line quality improves. This protocol also includes Quick Retrain.

On the entire v32 protocol family, retrains take 4-6 seconds, instead of the usual 15. This gadget also allows you to set asymmetric connection speeds, which greatly helps when communicating on lines that transmit (receive) well only in one direction). In addition, this extension forces the modem to connect to 7200, and only then increase the speed.

Historically, during the development of v32, so-called standard and optional provisions were introduced. In particular, a modem supporting v32 was required to be able to reduce the speed itself or at the request of a remote modem, i.e., to be able to do fallback. As for fallforward, which is part of ASL, this is optional. This is why, for example, when connecting a USR Courier modem to a Vosa modem, Courier can request Quick Retrain and Vosa will simply respond to the request.

The same applies to Enhanced mode. One common misconception can be dispelled: instead of working, a modem with ASL does nothing but jump in speed, so it’s better to turn it off on bad lines. However, it is not. The speed switches in approximately half a second. You can observe this by switching to command mode (+++) while connecting to USR Courier and typing the command ATI6.

ASL is also used to log into USR Terbo, i.e. in v32terbo at a speed of 21600, at which only USR modems operate (in terbo mode). By the way, ASL is not at all the merit of USR. This is the same opinion driven by advertising as the fact that SREJ is a Zyuhel feature. Not at all. Neither SREJ nor ASL are the prowess of these firms.

Unfortunately, USRobotics made another mistake in the implementation of ASL, which led to the fact that after the first long retrain the possibility of short retrains is reset. And this cannot be fixed while maintaining compatibility with the original, i.e. uncorrected ASL.

In reality, ASL nevertheless helps on bad lines.

What types of modems are there?

So, you can trick your Sportster modem into thinking it's one of these models:

Sportster 9600

Sportster 14400

USRobotics Courier v.32bis

USRobotics Courier HST 16800

USRobotics Courier

USRobotics Shared Access, all

Gateway 2000 Telepath

You can also turn Fax Class I on or off, whether you have one or not. You can also change the country code to: US/Canada, Japan, Finland, Sweden, U.K., Swiss, International.

You can also change the mounting type: Internal, External, Rackmount, PCMCIA.

And lastly, you can tell the modem that it is compatible with the USR Total Control Management System. This is the MSK flag.

And further! You can change the clock frequency of the 80188 processor to 13 or 16 mHz. More precisely, not the clock frequency itself, but what the modem will display on command ATI7. Also, if you set the wrong clock frequency, the modem will not work correctly in cases where it needs to know its clock frequency.

The Sportster 9600 is a Sportster 14400, only it does not allow speeds above 9600. However, if you put it in the Sportster 14400 at&n8, and then switch to a Sportster 9600, then there will be a connection to 14400!

Courier HST 16800 = Courier Dual Standart HST 16800. The first occurs when you tell the modem that it supposedly does not have the V32 protocol.

USR Courier Broken System - This modem reports that it has neither HST nor V32.

USR Courier Broken System = Sportster 9600.

Gateway 2000 Telepath = Sportster. Same mode, same capabilities.

USR Shared Access is actually an extended access network modem. It comes out if the Sportster modem is told in Sportster mode that it is MSK. But no new commands appear. This mode does not work, since the entire network part is located outside the modem.

How to trick a modem

So the modem has a command A.T.G.W. This command allows you to enter your values ​​into the modem memory. Namely, there are bytes that tell the modem what it is. Then you will see descriptions like “and at address xxx is...”. You need to compose a byte and write it into memory this way:

ATGWxxx So what we have:

1. At address 562 there is a modem class. Bit 7 of the byte at the same address describes the modem class. If it is turned on, then the modem is Sportster (we will call this mode Sportster mode); if disabled - Courier (this mode is called Courier mode).

Bits 1-4 of this byte describe the type of installation. It's better not to change:

Bit 1 when turned on says that the modem is PCMCIA.

Bit 2 when turned on says that the modem is External.

Bit 3 when turned on says that the modem is Rackmount.

Bit 4 when turned on says that the modem is Internal. Only one of these four bits needs to be turned on.

2. Under the 563 address, bit number 1 tells the modem that it is MSK, bit 4 - that it is Gateway 2000, and not USRobotics.

3. At the 564 address, bit number 1 tells the modem that it has a fax.

4. At address 778 there are checkboxes for turning on/off the following delights:

Bit2-U32

3 - HST

6 - for processor speed. If 1 then it is considered that the processor will operate at 16, if O at 13 mHz

1 - must always be equal to one. If it is set to 0, then the modem will say that it is Broken System, i.e. he does not know at what frequency the processor operates, that he has no options, and also he will respond to all commands ERROR, but he will fulfill them!

5. At address 565 is the country code.

1 - Japan (in this mode there is no > command, no Guard Tone, and bit 1 of register S27 is described as "Reserved").

2 - Finland (there is no Guard Tone here, bit 1 of register S27 is described as “Reserved”).

3 - Sweden (same as Finland).

4 - U.K. (there is no command " in dialing a number by command ATD"On hook" is described as "Offline" and vice versa; no > command, not supported Leased Line, no commands &P, AT&T1. Described as "Analogue" rather than "Analog", bits 1-4 of register S15 are not described at all, bit 1 of register S27 is described as "Reserved", and bit 2 of register S32 in HELP is erroneously described twice:

2 = Reserved 2 = Disable Enhanced V32 mode

5 - Undefined (?; no guard tone, bit 1 of register S27 is described as Reserved (actually this code is Norway).

6. - Swiss (no command! in dialing, no guard tone, bit 1 of register S27 is marked as reserved).

7-10 - Undefined. They are not included in the modem, it is better not to install them: the modem may die.

11 - International. It seems like this is not there either, Help is not

is output, so there's no way to figure out what's going on there. But, however, according to ati7 you can get information that it is International. In this case, the register s39 doesn't work at all.

To put a bit, you need to use the following sign:

1 - 1

2-2 3 -4 4-8

5 ~ 16

6-32

7-64

8-128

Simply add up all the values ​​to the right of your chosen bits and represent that value in hexadecimal! For example, if you need to write bits 1 and 7, then the value would be 65.

Difference

There is no difference between the Gateway 2000 and USRobotics Courier modems - install what you like best. There is also no difference between the Gateway 2000 Telepath and USRobotics Sportster modems. The MSK flag does nothing.

The only difference between the Sportster 9600 and Sportster 14480 modems is the speeds. There is no difference between the Sportster 9600 and 14400 fax/modems. There is a difference in installation. For External Courier DS HST there is register S32 - talk/data switch. For the internal one, it seems that it is not there, but you need to look at help in External mode and then use this information in Internal mode - you just need to find a place on the board where to solder this switch. Moreover, if the installation is incorrectly set, the modem speaker will not work correctly.

Shared Access

The USRobotics Shared Access modem is an external modem with network access. Only one thing is interesting - this thing is included in the Sportster, but for some reason in Sportster mode - with all the ensuing restrictions. This mode as such is absent - the network part of this modem is located externally, in hardware.

What's easier?

For internal modems (1D51) you must specify:

atgw562,28s34=0&w

For external modems(1D52) you must indicate:

atgw562,22s34=0&w

And once again about USRobotics modems

Sportster 14400

Signs: Firmware date 1994. Clock Freq: 16 MHz. Upgrade is possible to RC 21600 (HST/AON/Voice).

Problems: LJTR error (fixed like this:

ATslO=255sl9=l&w).

Sportster 14400 Vi

Signs: Firmware date 1995, Clock Freq: 16 Mhz, black case.

Upgrade: self-upgrade is possible.

Problems: Chronically does not pick up the BUSY signal (sometimes treated by installing an additional resistor).

Sportster 14400 P"n"P

Signs: Supervisor firmware date 1995, Clock Freq: 24 Mhz.

Upgrade is not possible!

Problems: Chaotic hangs (for example, Drop DTR during Dialing), problems with FAX reception.

Sportster 14400 Si

Features: RPI modem, triangular board small size, very cheap.

Upgrade is not possible! Problems: Lack of hardware error correction.

Russian Courier 21600.

Signs: presence of RHST, Terbo, AON, VOICE. Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 14400 model.

Upgrade: not required.

There are no problems (you just need to configure it), modems with older firmware versions may have problems when working with modems IDC.

Sportster 28800

Signs: Clock Freq: 20Mhz.

Upgrade: Upgrades to 100% compatible flash courier V.EVR, with the ability to download branded SDL.

Problems: some models are deaf, does not receive a signal BUSY.

Sportster 33600

Signs: Clock Freq: 92Mhz

Upgrade is not possible!

Problems: Chaotic hangs, problems with FAX reception.

WinModem 28800

Symptoms: Internal, does not have a COM port, works only through its own driver and only under Windows.

Upgrade: installing a new driver (there is already a driver for 33600).

Russian Courier 33600

This is the creation of the upgrader team Robert Agababyan & Grisha Rusanov.

Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 28800 model.

Upgrade: Ask the upgraders for new firmware versions.

Problems: none have been noticed so far.

33600 Enhanced Courier V.Evr

This is the creation of the upgrader team of Vladimir Dodonov. Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 28800 model.

Upgrade: Ask the upgraders for new firmware versions. If your modem is equipped with FLASH-ROM, then it is USR SDL Compatible, i.e. SDL is loaded into it.

Problems: none have been noticed so far. t

Statistics Options

Biers (Block errors).Block errors. Errors in data blocks and protocol. If there are a large number of block errors, then problems in the operation of your modem's receiver are associated with the telephone line. A particularly large number of Biers with a short time on the line occurs if mrdem is operated on a ten-step PBX. /

Link Naks. Lack of confirmation. Lack of confirmation of receipt of one or more blocks.

Speed. Speed. The last speed at which the receiver/transmitter was operating before the connection was lost.

Disconnect Reason. Reason for disconnection. Normal \ the end is exit with the message: DTR dropped (transition of the DTR signal to a logical zero state), that is, the computer or terminal has switched the DTR (Data Termiani I Ready) signal to a logical state \ zero, thereby ending the communication session.

SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Signal to noise ratio. Measured in decibels (dB). The higher the value of this parameter, the less noisy the line is, and, accordingly, the higher the speed at which the modems communicate. So, for example, the minimum allowable SNR for a speed of 2400 is 14 dB, and for 19200 - 30 dB. That is, if the SNR is less than 30 dB, then the V34 protocol will not provide high speeds.

Recv/Xmit Level (-dBm). Levels of received/transmitted signals. The larger the absolute numbers obtained, the lower the signal levels. Each receiver can ask the remote transmitter to change the level.

Near Echo Loss (dB). The level of fall of the near echo, i.e. How many times is the near echo (short loop) quieter than the original signal? This parameter is not very important, since the near echo is canceled out by the echo cancellation system by almost 100%. But, in any case, the higher this number (lower the level of near echo), the better

Far Echo Loss (dB).Distant echo drop level. This number is much more important: a far echo (long loop) is canceled much worse, here distortions on the line make the canceled signal very different from the original signal and, as a result, noise remains after cancellation.

In its work, any modem uses a certain set of procedures or specific commands that have been universal since 1977 and have not changed since that time, but are only supplemented with the advent of new communication standards. Using commands, you can configure the modem, unlock it, check its functionality, and for other purposes.

History of the appearance of AT commands

AT command is an abbreviation for the English word attention, which was proposed by Hayes when developing its own Smartmodem 300 baud modem. Using short dial text commands in a special format was such a successful solution that it became a standard for other manufacturers. This standard described in a special document from the International Telephony and Telegraph Association and was issued several times with additions and clarifications.

With the advent of the GSM communication standard, manufacturers did not abandon such a successful solution. An AT command standard has been developed that describes the operation of modems in GSM07.05 and GSM07.07 modes. Many communications equipment manufacturers may use AT commands of their own design, but these commands only extend the capabilities of standard commands when specific functions are needed.

Connecting to a modem and entering commands

In order to be able to control the modem through commands, you need to connect to it. Connection can be made in several ways:

• through utility program Windows, which is called “Hyperterminal”;
• via terminal for operating systems*nix families;
• using special programs provided by modem manufacturers, such as “My Huawei Terminal” or “Huawei Modem Terminal” for Huawei modems;
• through programs from third-party developers, for example, the Terminal program or PuTTY.

To connect a terminal shell to a modem, you need to know which port is used by the modem and what the data exchange rate is on the port. For operating rooms Windows systems This information can be obtained as follows:

• right-click on the “My Computer” shortcut and select properties;
• A new window will open in which you need to click the “Device Manager” button;
• find in the list of installed devices the required modem and display its properties;
• on the “Modem” tab will be displayed necessary information, such as COM port and operating speed.

This information should be remembered or written down. For USB modems, the connection via the COM port will be virtual, through the emulator, but this will not affect the connection.

Next you need to launch the terminal emulator program and connect to the modem using already known parameters. It is worth noting that the Hyperterminal program is present only in Windows versions XP or younger. In older versions, for example, Vista or Seven, you will need to download it from the Internet. After a successful connection to the modem occurs, a notification about this will appear in the invitation line. Modem AT commands are entered only when the modem is in terminal mode or offline mode. The input proceeds as follows:

• Each command must be preceded by the prefix AT, as if it tells the modem that the command will come next.
• The prefix is ​​followed by a connecting symbol “+”, “&” or “^”.
• At the end, the command itself with parameters is entered.
• Input is completed by pressing the "Enter" button on the keyboard or the "Send" button in the terminal window.

To check whether the modem accepts commands and whether there is any reaction to input, simply send it “AT” without parameters. The following lines should appear in the terminal window (depending on the modem, they may differ, but general principle the output does not change):

Status/Receive: OK

If the output is approximately in this format, then you can work with the modem by entering commands. If an error was made in any command, the modem will report this with the appropriate status.

Setting up a Huawei modem using Hyperterminal

AT commands for Huawei modem are based on common standards and differ only depending on the modem model. Those. Some modems may have commands that are not available on others. Setting up a modem is necessary in some cases, for example, when used in conjunction with routers, when there is a conflict between the operation of the equipment with each other, or to unlock a modem purchased from an operator and working only with its SIM cards.

When connecting a modem to a computer, the modem is defined as three devices: the modem itself, a CD drive (virtual), and a memory card (not for all modems). For more comfortable work, you can disable CD-Rom and Flash card emulation. Step-by-step instruction how to do it:

1. Launch the Hyperterminal program.
2. When launched, the program will prompt you to enter a new connection name and icon. Enter any convenient name.
3. If you are not automatically prompted to create a new connection, this can be done through the “File” menu.
4. The next step is to select connection parameters: port number and port speed.
5. After connecting the terminal to the device, enable operation only in modem mode with the command:
   • AT^U2DIAG=0 for Huawei E1550 and E1750 series modems;
   • AT^SETPORT=»A1;1,2″ for E367, E352, E392, E353 and E171 series modems;
   • AT^SETPORT=»A1;1,2,3″ for modems E369, E3131;
6. In order for the modem to reboot without having to disconnect it from the computer, run the command AT^CFUN=1.

Now the device will work only in modem mode, which will eliminate many problems sharing with routers.

Very often there is a need to “untie” the modem from working only with a specific operator or to unblock it. There is also a direct possibility for this by executing Modem AT commands. The unlock commands are as follows:

• AT^CARDUNLOCK="nck md5 hash" to reset connection attempts to 10;
• AT^CARDLOCK="code nck" to unlock the operator. This code can be calculated using a special calculator based on IMEI;

AT^CARDLOCK command? checks the lock status. In response to a request with this command, the modem will provide information in the CARDLOCK format: A,B,0, where A is the locking status in binary format (1 - there is a lock, 0 - there is no lock), B is the number of remaining attempts to unlock (for a new modem, this number of attempts is 10).

Basic AT commands and commands for Huawei modems

In practice, the following commands are very often used, which are informational, control or configuration commands:

• ATI - the command displays complete information about the modem.
• AT^CFUN=1 is a very useful command for practice, which allows you to apply settings and reboot the modem without disconnecting it from the computer. After the device is rebooted, it will be initialized and re-registered on the network. The remaining parameters of this command are as follows:
  • 0 - power saving mode or standby mode;
  • 1 - online mode;
  • 4 - offline mode;
  • 6 - device reset;
  • 7 - turn off the radio module.
• AT^CLAC is an equally useful command that displays on the terminal screen all AT commands supported by the modem, and AT^CMDL informs about all AT commands.
• AT^VERSION? - shows the modem firmware version.
• AT^GETPORTMODE - provides information about all devices present in the modem, such as virtual drive optical disks, drive, modem, network card, etc.
• AT^U2DIAG? - shows installed on this moment the mode in which the device operates.
• AT+CGMI - display information about the modem manufacturer, for example, Huawei.
• AT+CGMR - shows the modem firmware version.
• AT+CIMI - provides information on the SIM card, namely its IMSI number.
• AT+CGSN - you can view the IMEI of the modem.
• AT^HWVER - shows information about the hardware of the modem, shows its revision.
• AT+CSQ - informs about the current level of the received signal from the operator.
• AT+CGMM or AT+GMM - provides information about the name of the modem model.

In order to obtain information about all available operators, you need to enter the AT+COPS? command. Information will be displayed on the screen in the following format:

• Modem operating mode for selecting an operator: 0 - automatic, 1 - manual, 4 - automatic, if manual connection failed.
• The operator format can be displayed in long or short mode, or in network operator number mode.
• Network availability information: 0 - unidentified network, 1 - available network, 2 - current or connected network, 3 - network unavailable or blocked.

This is far from full information about AT commands of modems and options for their use, you can read the specification in more detail or contact the modem manufacturer specifically to be sure which commands and with which parameters are used in the modem.

As was written earlier, dTo start communicating with the newly baked module, you need to send the “AT” command. After which it will automatically adjust the port speed and return "OK". Now that the speed is set, you need to fix it so that you don’t have to perform this action every time you turn it on. The following commands are used to configure the port:

AT+IPR=19200- setting the port speed.

You can set the following values: 0, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
0 - auto-select, this value is the default.

You can also configure the transfer mode:

AT+ICF=3.3

First number - data bits/parity/stop bits
1. 8/0/2
2. 8/1/1
3. 8/0/1, is the default.
4. 7/0/2
5. 7/1/1
6. 7/0/1
Second number - parity
0 - odd
1 - even
3 - no

After configuration, these parameters will be saved in the module’s non-volatile memory, so you won’t have to do these steps next time.

AT+GMM- module identifier.

The module will respond with the manufacturer and model: "SIMCOM_SIM900D"

AT+GOI- shorter module identifier.

The only response is "SIM900D"

AT+GMR- firmware version.

It may come in handy if you want to upload a different firmware version to the module.

AT+GSV- it includes all three previous teams.

It will return the module manufacturer, its model and firmware version.

AT+GSN- will return the IMEI of the module.

May be useful when you need to accurately identify a module. IMEI is also duplicated on the label pasted on the module, and they must match.

The next step is to configure the module's real-time clock. To do this, issue the following command:

AT+CCLK=“yy/mm/dd,hh:mm:ss+zz”

where in order they go « year/month/date, hour:minutes:seconds+timezone» Data must be sent with leading zeros, that is, for example, if our month is “4”, then “04” must be sent.

You can get back the current time and date by sending the same command, only with a “?” sign:

AT+CCLK? - read the time from the module

ATE0- echo mode
0 - disabled
1 - enabled. Set by default.

ATV0- module response format.
1 - full text response with echo (if enabled). Set by default.
0 - return only the response code.
In the first case, OK, ERROR, etc. will always be returned, and in the second, result codes will be returned. So instead of OK it will return 0, and instead of ERROR 4.

AT+CMEE=0- level of error information. Can be from 0 to 2.
0 - disabled. It will simply write ERROR.
1 - error code. Will return a digital error code.
2 - description of the error. He will write down exactly what he doesn’t like about the team.
To work with the module through the terminal, the ATV1, ATE1 AT+CMEE=2 modes are more convenient; for communicating with the microcontroller, it is better to use ATV0, ATE0 and AT+CMEE=0 - this will make it easier to process the received responses.

These settings are not saved after the module is rebooted, so you must include these commands in the program code.

Now let's look at the information about the GSM network. For example, you can find out the signal quality.

AT+CSQ- information about signal quality.
The module will return two numbers +CSQ: 17.0
17 - signal level. It can be in the range of 0..31 or 99. The more the better, but 99 means its absence.
0 - communication error rate (so-called RXQUAL). Can be from 0 to 7, the lower the number, the better the quality of communication.

AT+COPS?- information about the operator in whose network the module is registered.
You can also make a request in the form AT+COPS=? After a sufficiently long search, the module will display a list of found networks.

Well, now the commands that allow you to use cellular communication as intended.

ATD1234567890;- dialing a number.

The module will call the specified number and return one of the options

BUSY - number is busy
NO DIALTONE - no signal on the line

NO CARRIER - no network or other problem (for example, no money in the account)
NA ANSWER - no answer
CONNECT - there is a contact!

If the number is saved, for example, on a SIM card, and SIM card selected as phone book(usually this is the case by default), then there is a command to call it ATD>1;. The numeric value determines the number of the card cell where the called number is stored.

AT+CLIP=1- enable incoming call number identification

If you send a command with 0, the number identification will be disabled and the module will only send the “RING” message instead of the caller’s number.

ATA- answer the call.

ATH0- break all connections. Can take values ​​0..5, indicating which types of connections need to be broken.

ATS0=0- with this command you can set how many beeps will pass before the handset is automatically picked up. 0 - only manually, is the default.

AT+GSMBUSY=1- barring all incoming calls.
1, - block all incoming calls
0, - allow incoming
The result of this command is not saved in memory and must be repeated every time you turn it on.

It is better to send the request to #100#, since to *100# the message arrives in hexadecimal format:

AT+CMIC=0.15– command to set microphone sensitivity. Sensitivity is determined by the numeric value that appears after the = symbol. It is used very often in alarm systems - for audio monitoring of a protected premises. By experimenting with this value, you can achieve the slightest rustling noise.

When receiving an SMS, the module will report this by displaying a message in the terminal"+CMTI: "SM",3" . Where 3 means the number of the incoming message.

To read SMS you can use the command AT+CMGR=3.0 (3-number of the message we want to read, 0-change message status to read)

In response, the module will send information about who sent the message and at what time. “REC UNREAD” means that the message has an unread status.

AT+CMGDA=“DEL ALL” the command will delete all messages

You can also delete only a certain type of message:

"DEL READ" - read
"DEL UNREAD" - unread
"DEL SENT" - sent
"DEL UNSENT" - not sent
"DEL INBOX" - received
“DEL ALL” - all messages