As part of this review, we will consider the most common modifications of Socket Intel processor sockets at the moment. This eminent manufacturer of computer equipment updates its product range with enviable regularity. Therefore, almost every two years he gets a new socket that is incompatible with the previously existing one.
What is a “socket”?
Initially, microprocessors were soldered onto the motherboard. But then leading manufacturers abandoned this arrangement. After all, it is much more convenient to install a special connector for the CPU on the motherboard. Then you can configure the computer properly and select exactly those components that will best suit its needs.
The connector for mounting a microprocessor on the motherboard is called Socket in professional computer jargon. Intel, as previously noted, very often updates its computing platforms. Therefore, it is quite difficult for an untrained user to understand such diversity. This short material is dedicated to a review of these computer platforms.
LGA775. Platform Features
Intel processor socket debuted on the market computer technology in 2004. It replaced its key difference from its predecessor - it supports 64-bit computing technology. All previously existing platforms could only process code in 32-bit format. Initially, chips from the Pentium or Celeron lines were installed in this socket in single- or dual-core versions based on an architecture code-named NetBurst. Then this list was supplemented by the first representatives of the Core line based on the new microarchitecture of the same name - these are dual-core 2 Duo and 4-core 2 Quad.
Today, this hardware platform is completely outdated. The latest semiconductor chips within its framework were released in 2010. Now Intel has completely abandoned support for these computing solutions, since they have extremely low level speed, which does not allow such CPUs to process complex program code.
LGA1156 platform. Its features
The LGA1156 platform appeared on the shelves of specialized computer stores in 2009. Within its framework, high-performance Intel i5 and i7 microprocessors appeared for the first time. The segment of entry-level and mid-level solutions was occupied by CPUs of the Pentium and i3 lines, respectively. The budget niche was filled by representatives of the Celeron family. All chips for this socket had a three-digit marking and belonged to the first generation of microprocessors, codenamed Core. A similar distribution of computing devices from this eminent manufacturer has survived to this day.
The first important difference between these microprocessors and their predecessors was that they were required to be equipped with a three-level cache memory system. At the same time, previously existing models could boast only two levels. The manufacturer also included a chipset with a RAM controller and an integrated graphics core. Also, the presence of NT technology allowed one computing core to simultaneously process two code streams. All this in total significantly increased the performance of desktop computers compared to its predecessors. But at the moment this computer platform is also outdated.
Connector for His distinction
At the very beginning of 2011, the Intel processor socket successfully debuted on the computer technology market. The nomenclature and models of processors in this case have not changed radically. Only if previously the marking consisted of three numbers, now it already included four numbers.
The second generation of CPUs based on the Core architecture was designated 2XXX, and the third - 3XXX. The layout of the chips has also changed slightly. If previously there were two separate substrates for the computing part and for integrated graphics, now all elements were combined on one substrate.
The i7 chips included 4 code processing modules and 8 logic threads. In turn, Intel i5 had only 4 cores. At the same time, NT technology was not supported by representatives of this line, and they processed the code in the same 4 threads. What these two CPU lines had in common was that they supported TurboBust technology and could automatically increase their clock speed. Other chips could not boast of having such an option. The i3 model processors were equipped with only two computing modules, which could process program code in 4 threads. Younger modifications of the Celeron and Pentium series chips were equipped with two code processing units.
LGA1150 connector. Its specifications
The next CPU socket debuted in 2013. This Socket Intel was designated LGA1150. It was intended for installation of microprocessors for desktop systems based on computing architecture Core 4th and 5th generation with designations 4ХХХ and 5ХХХ respectively.
The layout of the computing part of the chips remained unchanged, but the graphics part was radically redesigned, and its performance increased significantly. It was also changed and the fifth generation of computing devices was already produced according to 14 nm standards.
The key innovation in this situation was to reduce energy consumption. This was achieved by reworking the power system. The latter circumstance allows you to automatically turn off computing elements that are not used during operation and reduce PC power consumption.
Characteristics of this connector
In 2015, according to the plan of the leading semiconductor giant, a new socket for the CPU appeared on the shelves - Intel Socket 1151. It can install Core chips of the 6th and 7th generations. In general, the layout, technical specifications and characteristics of these computing devices were the same as their predecessors. Only their frequencies were higher, but the increase was insignificant.
It is also necessary to note that the 7th generation Pentium microprocessors received support for NT logical multithreading technology. This increased their performance and put them on par with i3 chips. That is, such chips could process information in 4 threads.
The energy efficiency of the chips remained at the same level, as did technological process has not undergone any significant changes. Also, the built-in graphics card has been upgraded, and its performance has increased.
LGA1151 v.2. Peculiarities
The leading computer manufacturer, Intel, has made fundamental changes as part of the updated LGA1151v.2 platform. She debuted at the end of 2017. Physically, this connector is identical to the previously reviewed LGA1151. But only here program level The installation of 6th and 7th generation chips is prohibited. This Socket processors Intel is designed to accommodate 8th generation CPUs. In the future, newer microprocessors may be installed in it, which the semiconductor giant plans to announce in the fall of 2018.
The layout of the chips has undergone significant changes. The i7 flagships were equipped with 6 cores and 12 threads. In this case, the Socket LGA1151 v.2 models had six cores and the same number of threads. allows you to already install quad-core i3 modifications. The younger models of microprocessors did not change.
The technological process remained at the same 14 nm, as did the energy consumption level. Microprocessor clock speeds have been significantly increased. In this case, the flagship could operate at a record high frequency of 5 GHz, but only if the TurboBust mode was activated.
Conclusion
As part of this small review The main modifications of connectors for Socket Intel chips were considered. This manufacturer regularly updates its computing platforms, and after two years new computer manages to become hopelessly outdated. Of course, its performance still remains acceptable level, but more advanced new PCs are appearing with greater speed.
This approach allows you to increase the performance of stationary computers, but at the same time you can easily get lost in so many sockets. Especially for an unprepared beginner specialist. This review is largely devoted to resolving this issue.
For office, home or gaming computer It's not that difficult to choose the right processor. You just need to decide on your needs, orient yourself a little in the characteristics and price ranges. There is no point in thoroughly studying the smallest nuances if you are not a “geek,” but you need to understand what to pay attention to.
For example, you can look for a processor with a higher frequency and cache memory, but without paying attention to the core of the chip, you can get into trouble. The core, in fact, is the main performance factor, and the rest of the characteristics are plus or minus. In general terms, I can say that the more expensive the product in the line of one manufacturer, the better, more powerful, and faster it is. But AMD processors cheaper than a similar one from Intel.
- The processor should be chosen depending on the tasks at hand. If in normal mode you have about two resource-intensive programs running, then it is better to buy a dual-core “stone” with a high frequency. If more threads are used, it is better to opt for a multi-core processor of the same architecture, even with a lower frequency.
- Hybrid processors (with a built-in video card) will allow you to save on the purchase of a video card, provided that you do not need to play fancy games. These are almost all modern Intel and AMD processors of the A4-A12 series, but AMD has a stronger graphics core.
- All processors marked “BOX” must be supplied with a cooler (of course, a simple model, which will not be enough for high loads, but is just what is needed for operation in nominal mode). If you need a cool cooler, then .
- Processors marked “OEM” are covered by a one-year warranty, while processors marked “OEM” are covered by a three-year warranty. If the warranty period provided by the store is shorter, it is better to think about looking for another distributor.
- In some cases, it makes sense to buy a percentage from hand, this way you can save about 30% of the amount. True, this method of purchase is associated with a certain risk, so you need to pay attention to the availability of a guarantee and the reputation of the seller.
Main technical characteristics of processors
Now about some characteristics that are still worth mentioning. It is not necessary to go into it, but it will be useful to understand my recommendations for specific models.
Each processor has its own socket (platform), i.e. the name of the connector on the motherboard for which it is intended. Whatever processor you choose, be sure to look at socket matching. On this moment There are several platforms.
- LGA1150 – not for top processors, used for office computers, gaming and home media center. Entry-level integrated graphics, except Intel Iris/Iris Pro. Already going out of circulation.
- LGA1151 is a modern platform, recommended for future upgrade to newer hardware. The processors themselves are not much faster than the previous platform, i.e., there is little point in upgrading to it. But there is a more powerful built-in graphics core of the series Intel Graphics, DDR4 memory is supported, but it does not provide a significant performance gain.
- LGA2011-v3 is a top-end platform designed for building high-performance desktop systems based on the system Intel logic X299, expensive, outdated.
- LGA 2066 (Socket R4) - socket for HEDT (Hi-End) Intel processors of Skylake-X and Kaby Lake-X architecture, replaced 2011-3.
- AM1 for weak, energy-efficient processors
- AM3+ is a common socket, suitable for most AMD processors, incl. for high-performance processors without an integrated video core
- AM4 is designed for microprocessors with Zen microarchitecture (Ryzen brand) with and without integrated graphics, and all subsequent ones. Added support for DDR4 memory.
- FM2/FM2+ for budget versions of Athlon X2/X4 without integrated graphics.
- sTR4 is a connector type for the HEDT family of Ryzen Threadripper microprocessors. Similar to server sockets, the most massive for desktop computers.
There are outdated platforms that you can buy in order to save money, but you need to take into account that new processors will no longer be made for them: LGA1155, AM3, LGA2011, AM2/+, LGA775 and others that are not on the lists.
Kernel name. Each line of processors has its own kernel name. For example, Intel currently has Sky Lake, Kaby Lake and the newest eighth generation Coffee Lake. AMD has Richland, Bulldozer, Zen. The higher the generation, the more high-performance the chip, with lower energy consumption, and the more technologies are introduced.
Number of Cores: from 2 to 18 pieces. The bigger, the better. But there is such a point: programs that do not know how to distribute the load across the cores will work faster on a dual-core with a higher clock frequency than on a 4-core, but with a lower frequency. In short, if there is no clear technical specification, then the rule works: more is better, and the further, the more correct it will be.
Technical process, measured in nanometers, for example – 14nm. Does not affect performance, but does affect processor heating. Each new generation of processors is manufactured using a new technical process with a smaller nm. This means that if you take a previous generation processor and a new one that is approximately the same, the latter will heat up less. But, since new products are made faster, they heat up about the same. That is, improving the technical process allows manufacturers to make faster processors.
Clock frequency, measured in gigahertz, for example - 3.5 GHz. Always the more the better, but only within one series. If you take an old Pentium with a frequency of 3.5 GHz and some new one, then the old one will be many times slower. This is explained by the fact that they have completely different kernels.
Almost all “stones” are capable of accelerating, i.e. operate at a higher frequency than that specified in the specifications. But this is a topic for those knowledgeable, because... You can burn the processor or get a non-working system!
Level 1, 2 and 3 cache size, one of the key characteristics, the more, the faster. The first level is the most important, the third is less significant. Directly depends on the kernel and series.
TDP– dissipated thermal power, or how much at maximum load. A lower number means less heat. Without clear personal preferences, this can be ignored. Powerful processors consume 110-220 watts of electricity under load. You can see a diagram of the approximate energy consumption of Intel and AMD processors under normal load, the less the better:
Model, series: does not relate to the characteristics, but nevertheless I want to tell you how to understand which processor is better within the same series, without delving too much into the characteristics. The name of the processor, for example "Intel i3-8100", consists of the "Core i3" series and the model number "8100". The first number means the line of processors on a certain core, and the next ones are its “performance index,” roughly speaking. So, we can estimate that:
- Core i3-8300 is faster than i3-8100
- i3-8100 is faster than i3-7100
- But the i3-7300 will be faster than the i3-8100, despite the lower series, because the 300 strongly more than 100. I think you get the idea.
The same goes for AMD.
Will you play on the computer?
The next point that you need to decide in advance is the gaming future of the computer. For “Farm Frenzy” and other simple online games, any built-in graphics will do. If buying an expensive video card is not part of your plans, but you want to play, then you need to buy a processor with a normal graphics core Intel Graphics 530/630/Iris Pro, AMD Radeon RX Vega Series. Even modern games will run in Full HD 1080p resolution at minimum and medium graphics quality settings. You can play World of Tanks, GTA, Dota and others.
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- The fastest LGA1156 processor equipped with a graphics core (by the way, it costs the same as Core i7-2600)
- The fastest Core i5 of the previous generation (has the same starting frequency as the new Core i5-2300, and the selling price is the same as the Core i5-2500)
- Fastest Core i7 for LGA1156
- The fastest quad-core x86 processor
- Generally the fastest x86 processor :)
- Pentium - G4400, G4500, G4520;
- Core i3 - 6100, 6100T, 6300, 6300T, 6320;
- Core i5 - 6400, 6500, 6600, 6600K;
- Core i7 - 6700, 6700K.
- Core i7 7700K, 7700, 7700T
- Core i5 7600K, 7600, 7600T, 7500, 7500T, 7400, 7400T;
- Core i3 7350K, 7320, 7300, 7300T, 7100, 7100T, 7101E, 7101TE;
- Pentium: G4620, G4600, G4600T, G4560, G4560T;
- Celeron G3950, G3930, G3930T.
- Core i5 - 5675C;
- Core i7 - 5775C;
- Celeron - G1840, G1840T, G1850;
- Pentium - G3240, G3240T, G3250, G3250T, G3258, G3260, G3260T, G3440, G3440T, G3450, G3450T, G3460, G3460T, G3470;
- Core i3 - 4150, 4150T, 4160, 4160T, 4170, 4170T, 4350, 4350T, 4360, 4360T, 4370, 4370T;
- Core i5 - 4460, 4460S, 4460T, 4590, 4590S, 4590T, 4690, 4690K, 4690S, 4690T;
- Core i7 - 4785T, 4790, 4790K, 4790S, 4790T;
- Celeron - G1820, G1820T, G1830;
- Pentium - G3220, G3220T, G3420, G3420T, G3430;
- Core i3 - 4130, 4130T, 4330, 4330T, 4340;
- Core i5 - 4430, 4430S, 4440, 4440S, 4570, 4570, 4570R, 4570S, 4570T, 4670, 4670K, 4670R, 4670S, 4670T;
- Core i7 - 4765T, 4770, 4770K, 4770S, 4770R, 4770T, 4771;
- Celeron - G1610, G1610T, G1620, G1620T, G1630;
- Pentium - G2010, G2020, G2020T, G2030, G2030T, G2100T, G2120, G2120T, G2130, G2140;
- Core i3 - 3210, 3220, 3220T, 3225, 3240, 3240T, 3245, 3250, 3250T;
- Core i5 - 3330, 3330S, 3335S, 3340, 3340S, 3450, 3450S, 3470, 3470S, 3470T, 3475S, 3550, 3550P, 3550S, 3570, 3570K, 3570S, 3570T;
- Core i7 - 3770, 3770K, 3770S, 3770T;
- Celeron - G440, G460, G465, G470, G530, G530T, G540, G540T, G550, G550T, G555;
- Pentium - G620, G620T, G622, G630, G630T, G632, G640, G640T, G645, G645T, G840, G850, G860, G860T, G870;
- Core i3 - 2100, 2100T, 2102, 2105, 2120, 2120T, 2125, 2130;
- Core i5 - 2300, 2310, 2320, 2380P, 2390T, 2400, 2400S, 2405S, 2450P, 2500, 2500K, 2500S, 2500T, 2550K;
- Core i7 - 2600, 2600K, 2600S, 2700K.
- Haswell-E Core i7 - 5820K, 5930K, 5960X;
- Ivy Bridge-E Core i7 - 4820K, 4930K, 4960X;
- Sandy Bridge-E Core i7 - 3820, 3930K, 3960X, 3970X.
- Celeron - G1101;
- Pentium - G6950, G6951, G6960;
- Core i3 - 530, 540, 550, 560;
- Core i5 - 650, 655K, 660, 661, 670, 680.
- Core i5 - 750, 750S, 760;
- Core i7 - 860, 860S, 870, 870K, 870S, 875K, 880.
- Core i7 - 970, 980;
- Core i7 Extreme - 980X, 990X.
- Core i7 - 920, 930, 940, 950, 960;
- Core i7 Extreme - 965, 975.
- Socket 370 – the most common socket for Intel processors. It is with this that the era of dividing Intel processors into inexpensive Celeron solutions with a trimmed cache and Pentium solutions - more expensive ones - begins. full versions company product. The connector was installed on motherboards with a system bus from 60 to 133 MHz. The socket is made in the form of a square plastic movable box; when installing a processor with 370 contacts, a special plastic lever presses the processor legs to the connector contacts. Supported processors Intel Celeron Coppermine, Intel Celeron Tualatin, Intel Celeron Mendocino, Intel Pentium Tualatin, Intel Pentium Coppermine. Speed characteristics of installed processors from 300 to 1400 MHz. Supported third party processors. Produced since 1999.
- Socket 423 – the first connector for Pentium 4 processors. It had a 423-pin grid of pins, was used on motherboards ah personal computers. It existed for less than a year, due to the inability of the processor to further increase in frequency, the processor could not pass the frequency of 2 GHz. Replaced by Socket 478 connector. Production began in 2000.
- Socket 478 - released in pursuit of the competitor (AMD company) Socket A, since previous processors were unable to raise the bar of 2 Gigahertz, and AMD took the lead in the processor production market. The connector supports Intel solutions - Intel Pentium 4, Intel Celeron, Celeron D, Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. Speed characteristics from 1400 MHz to 3.4 GHz. Produced since 2000.
- Socket 754 was developed specifically for the Athlon 64 processor. The release of new processor sockets was associated with the need to replace the Athlon XP processor line, which was based on Socket A. The first processors of AMD K8 platforms were installed in Socket 754 processor sockets measuring 4 by 4 centimeters. This need was dictated by the fact that the Athlon 64 processors had a new bus and integrated memory controllers. The voltage output from this socket was 1.5 volts. Of course, the 754 became an intermediate stage in the development of the Athlon 64. The high cost and initial shortage of these processors did not make this platform very popular. And by the time the availability and cost of components had just returned to normal, AMD presented the release of a new socket - Socket 939. By the way, it was he who helped make the Athlon 64 a popular and truly affordable processor.
- Socket 775 or Socket T - the first connector for Intel processors without sockets, made in a square form factor with protruding contacts. The processor was installed on the protruding contacts, the pressure plate was lowered, and using a lever it was pressed against the contacts. Still used in many personal computers. Designed to work with almost all fourth generation Intel processors - Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Celeron D, Pentium Dual-Core, Pentium D, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo and Xeon series processors. Produced since 2004. Speed characteristics of installed processors range from 1400 MHz to 3800 MHz.
- Socket 939 , containing 939 contacts with an extremely small diameter, making them quite soft. This is a "simplified" version of the previous Socket 940, usually used in high-performance computers and servers. The absence of one hole in the socket did not make it possible to install more expensive processors. This connector was considered very successful for its time, as it combined good capabilities, dual-channel memory access and low cost of both the socket itself and the controller on computer motherboards. These connectors were used for computers with conventional DDR memory. Immediately after the transition to DDR2 memory, they became obsolete and gave way to AM2 connectors. The next step is the invention of new DDR3 memory and new AM2+ and AM3 sockets designed for the next models of AMD quad-core processors.
- Socket AM2 (Socket M2), developed by AMD for certain types of desktop processors (Athlon-LE, Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Sempron-LE and Sempron, Phenom X4 and Phenom X3, Opteron). It replaced Socket 939 and 754. Despite the fact that Socket M2 has 940 pins, this socket is not compatible with Socket 940, since the older version of Socket 940 cannot support dual-channel DDR2 RAM. The first processors to support Socket AM2 were single-core models Orleans (or the 64th Athlon) and Manila (Sempron), some dual-core Windsor (for example, Athlon 64, X2 FX) and Brisbane (AthlonX2 and Athlon 64X2). In addition, Socket AM2 includes Socket F, designed for servers, and a Socket S1 variant for various mobile computers. Socket AM2+ i is absolutely identical in appearance to the previous one, the only difference is the support for processors with Agena and Toliman cores.
- LGA 1156 socket – Made using 1156 protruding contacts. Produced since 2009. Designed for modern Intel processors for personal computers. Speed characteristics from 2.1 GHz and higher.
- LGA 1155 socket or Socket H2 - designed to replace the LGA 1156 socket. Supports the latest Sandy Bridge processor and the future Ivy Bridge. The connector is made in 1155-pin design. Produced since 2011. Speed characteristics up to 20 GB/s.
- Socket R (LGA2011) - Core i7 and Xeon with integrated quad-channel memory controller and two QuickPath connections. Replacement Socket B (LGA1366)
- Socket FM1 is AMD platform for Llano processors and looks like a tempting offer for those who love integrated systems.
- Socket H3 or LGA 1150 is a processor socket for Intel processors of the Haswell (and its successor Broadwell) microarchitecture, released in 2013. LGA 1150 is designed as a replacement for LGA 1155 (Socket H2). Made using LGA (Land Grid Array) technology. It is a connector with spring-loaded or soft contacts, to which the processor is pressed using a special holder with a grip and a lever. It is officially confirmed that the LGA 1150 socket will be used with Intel Q85, Q87, H87, Z87, B85 chipsets. The mounting holes for cooling systems on sockets 1150/1155/1156 are completely identical, which means full comprehensive compatibility and identical installation procedures for cooling systems for these sockets.
- Socket B2 (LGA1356) - Core i7 and Xeon with integrated three-channel memory controller and QuickPath connections. Replacement Socket B (LGA1366)
- FM2 connector - Processor socket for hybrid processors (APU) from AMD with the Piledriver core architecture: Trinity and Komodo, as well as the canceled Sepang and Terramar (MCM - multi-chip module). Structurally, it is a ZIF connector with 904 pins, which is designed for installing processors in PGA-type cases. The FM2 connector was introduced in 2012, just a year after the FM1 connector. Although socket FM2 is a development of socket FM1, it does not have backward compatibility with him. Trinity processors have up to 4 cores, Komodo and Sepang server chips have up to 10, and Terramar have up to 20 cores.
- LGA 1151 socket - a socket for Intel processors that supports Skylake architecture processors. LGA 1151 is designed as a replacement for LGA 1150 (also known as Socket H3). LGA 1151 has 1151 spring-loaded contacts to contact the processor pads. According to rumors and leaked Intel advertising documentation, motherboards with this socket will feature DDR4 memory support. All Skylake architecture chipsets support Intel technologies Rapid Storage, Intel Clear Video Technology and Intel Wireless Display Technology (with processor technology support). Most motherboards support various video outputs (VGA, DVI or - depending on the model).
- LGA 2066 (Socket R4) is a socket for Intel processors that supports Skylake-X and Kaby Lake-X processors without an integrated graphics core. Designed to replace the LGA 2011/2011-3 (Socket R/R3) socket for high-end Basin Falls desktops (X299 chipset), while the LGA 3647 (Socket P) will replace the LGA 2011-1/2011- 3 (Socket R2/R3) in server platforms based on Skylake-EX (Xeon “Purley”).
- AM4 (PGA or µOPGA1331) is a socket produced by AMD for microprocessors with Zen microarchitecture (Ryzen brand) and subsequent ones. The connector is a PGA (pin grid array) type and has 1331 contacts. It will be the company's first socket with support for the DDR4 memory standard and will be a single socket for both high-performance processors without an integrated video core (currently using Socket AM3+), and for inexpensive processors and APU (previously used various AM/FM series sockets).
- Socket TR4 (Socket Ryzen Threadripper 4, also Socket SP3r2) is a type of connector from AMD for the Ryzen Threadripper family of microprocessors, introduced on August 10, 2017. Physically very close to the AMD Socket SP3 server connector, however, it is incompatible with it. Socket TR4 became the first LGA-type socket for consumer products (previously LGA was used in the server segment, and processors for home computers were produced in FC-PGA packages). It uses a complex multi-stage process of mounting the processor into the socket using special holding frames: an internal one, secured with latches to the cover of the chip housing, and an external one, secured with screws to the socket. Journalists note the very large physical size of the connector and socket, calling it the largest format for consumer processors. Due to its size, it requires specialized cooling systems that can handle up to 180W. The socket supports HEDT (High-End Desktop) segment processors with 8-16 cores and provides connectivity random access memory via 4 channels of DDR4 SDRAM. The socket has 64 generation 3 PCIexpress lanes (4 are used for the chipset), several 3.1 and SATA channels
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Jul 12, 2019
Finally, the long-awaited moment for many has arrived when you can get acquainted with the performance of Intel processors for the new LGA1155 platform! True, like last year, it fell right on the holidays, but nothing - having recovered from the holiday, it’s all the more interesting to go to the store :) By the way, it’s not only the date that today’s event has in common with the announcement of processors based on the Clarkdale core a year ago. The fact is that the story with LGA1156 is essentially repeating itself - the announcement of new processors will be extended over several stages. Today we will learn all the details about the quad-core models of the Sandy Bridge architecture, but we will have to wait almost another month and a half for more affordable dual-core models. “People’s” Pentiums don’t even make it into the first quarter.
But still, one and a half is not four, there will be much more than one Pentium, the prices for them are expected to be more humane than for the only processor (well, one and a half) of this family for LGA1156, and Celeron is also visible on the horizon: in a word, the company took into account experience “Extended start” of LGA1156 and similar mistakes will most likely not be made. Thus, LGA1155, starting somewhere in the second or third quarter of this year, will finally make it possible to abolish the well-worn LGA775 design, and by the end of the year it will do away with LGA1156. But for some time these three platforms will exist in parallel, which, coupled with the surviving LGA1366 (and it will definitely live until the end of the year), will only increase the confusion in the market. However, these are the harsh realities of the modern market and it is unlikely that we can change them in any way. All you have to do is study everything carefully and always make the right choice :)
There will be no theoretical part today. The fact is that we already had materials on this topic, and more detailed studies of microarchitecture are just around the corner. In general, we won’t steal bread from the theorists :) Also, for now, let’s leave behind the scenes the issue of performance and functionality of the graphics core - this is also a separate and serious topic, which we will return to in the near future for a detailed study. At the moment, the main thing is to study the performance of the processor part itself and compare it with competing products from both Intel and AMD. What do we suggest and move on to?
Test bench configuration
| CPU | Core i5-2300 | Core i5-2400 | Core i5-2500/2500K | Core i7-2600/2600K |
| Kernel name | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge |
| Production technology | 32 nm | 32 nm | 32 nm | 32 nm |
| Core frequency (std/max), GHz | 2,8/3,1 | 3,1/3,4 | 3,3/3,7 | 3,4/3,8 |
| 28 | 31 | 33 | 34 | |
| Scheme of work Turbo Boost | 3-2-2-1 | 3-2-2-1 | 4-3-2-1 | 4-3-2-1 |
| 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/8 | |
| L1 cache, I/D, KB | 32/32 | 32/32 | 32/32 | 32/32 |
| L2 cache, KB | 4×256 | 4×256 | 4×256 | 4×256 |
| L3 cache, MiB | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| RAM | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 |
| GMA HD graphics core | 2000 | 2000 | 2000/3000 | 2000/3000 |
| Graphics core frequency (max), MHz | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 | 1350 |
| Socket | LGA1155 | LGA1155 | LGA1155 | LGA1155 |
| TDP | 95 W | 95 W | 95 W | 95 W |
| Price | $275() | $236() | $229()/N/A() | $340()/N/A() |
| Wholesale price at the time of announcement | $177 | $184 | $205/$216 | $294/$317 |
In the family of processors for LGA1156, two processors of the Core i7 line and only one Core i5 appeared at first, but now the ratio is the opposite - one to three. The explanation is simple: older Core i7-800s are still on the market and have adequate performance, so you shouldn’t interfere with them too much. But the Core i5 is too much of a motley bunch, which includes fast but graphics-less 700-series processors and graphics-equipped but rather weak (due to only two cores) Core i5-600. It was this imbalance that Intel decided to eliminate first. Note that now Core i5 is Always four cores, and the “old” version of “two cores/four threads” is present only in the cheaper Core i3 family. But these processors will come out a little later, fortunately now the Core i3-500 is not so bad.
What the comparison shows technical characteristics? If previously the Core i5-700 and Core i7-800 differed only in the presence/absence of Hyper-Threading support and frequencies, now the differences have become a little deeper: the i5 also has less cache memory. Moreover, the line is constructed in an interesting way - the step of the starting clock frequencies is uneven, but in terms of the maximum frequency in the boost mode, “everything is as it should”: a hundred in the index is equal to 300 MHz clock frequency. A very serious difference, since both Intel and AMD have already accustomed us to the fact that neighboring processors in the line differ only by one multiplier. It’s difficult to say for now whether the concept will be preserved in the future or whether the company will begin to tighten its ranks, so we will postpone this issue for the future. In our opinion, “not partial” is very useful - there are already too many processors on the market, in which it is too easy to get confused. But there may be some progress - otherwise the Core i5-2300 looks a little strange, its price is only slightly lower than that of the 2400, but the lag in clock frequency is greater than the difference between the older models. Is that in one or two-threaded applications it is reduced, but there are fewer and fewer of them. Moreover, the presence of background processes, which sometimes require quite a bit of computing resources (and some of these background applications have also become multi-threaded).
But with myself Turbo mode Boost somehow... More was expected. And the maximum increase decreased to 400 MHz (do not forget that one “new” step is equal to 3/4 of the old one), and the dependence on the number of working cores has not gone away, although there were rumors that it was now possible to increase the frequency of all cores to the maximum. The only significant change is that now processors have the right to overclock “to the last”: the boost mode is allowed up to the TDP level (previously it was turned off at a lower limit), and, if necessary, for a short time - even higher. Thus, a certain increase in performance under heavy load should be observed. Let's check which one.
The main thing for overclocking enthusiasts is that Turbo Boost in its new incarnation also supports such a function as “Limited Unlocked Core” - the ability to set multipliers to the value “Max Turbo +4”. That is, in other words, according to Intel documentation, a completely ordinary Core i7-2500 will be able to operate at a frequency of 3.9 GHz when all cores are loaded, and when only one is loaded, it will even reach a frequency of 4.1 GHz! The reality turned out to be even more interesting - the Gigabyte board, on which we tested the new family, of course limited the multipliers, but... But for 2600, for example, the maximum value (namely 42) could be set for any number of active cores, i.e., with a slight movement of the hand, a processor with a clock frequency of 3.4 GHz turns into a model with a frequency of 4.2 GHz. And we have strong suspicions that other boards based on the P67 chipset (with the possible exception of those produced by Intel itself) will behave in the same way.
P67 boards also support “Fully Unlocked Core,” which allows you to use a multiplier of up to 57 in any mode. However, this requires a K-series processor. Note that they are interesting not only to overclocking enthusiasts (and maybe not so much to them: as shown above, you can add 700-800 MHz on conventional processors): the K-series uses an HD 3000 series video core, but in conventional models - only only HD 2000, in which half of the executive modules are disabled. Thus, these processors will also be extremely useful for fans of integrated graphics, who will use them on boards based on the H67 chipset. But on the P67 it will not be possible to use the built-in video core (since it does not have an FDI link), but it will be possible to fully “have fun” during overclocking, as mentioned above. Moreover, when overclocking not only cores, but also memory: despite the fact that the officially supported maximum mode is DDR3-1333, this is only true for H67. On the P67, higher multipliers are also available, which gives memory frequencies up to 2133 MHz. And the TDP level on these boards can be adjusted manually, increasing it during overclocking or, conversely, decreasing it to save energy (which was previously only available for extreme processors). In general, when developing processors and chipsets for LGA1155, Intel took into account all past experience, putting things in order in their comparative positioning :)
| CPU | Core i5-680 | Core i5-760 | Core i7-880 | Core i7-975 Extreme | Core i7-980X Extreme |
| Kernel name | Clarkdale | Lynnfield | Lynnfield | Bloomfield | Gulftown |
| Production technology | 32/45 nm | 45 nm | 45 nm | 45 nm | 32 nm |
| Core frequency (std/max), GHz | 3,6/3,87 | 2,8/3,33 | 3,06/3,73 | 3,33/3,6 | 3,33/3,6 |
| Starting multiplication factor | 27 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 25 |
| Scheme Turbo works Boost | 2-1 | 4-4-1-1 | 5-4-2-2 | 2-1-1-1 | 2-1-1-1-1-1 |
| Number of cores/threads | 2/4 | 4/4 | 4/8 | 4/8 | 6/12 |
| L1 cache, I/D, KB | 32/32 | 32/32 | 32/32 | 32/32 | 32/32 |
| L2 cache, KB | 2×256 | 4×256 | 4×256 | 4×256 | 6×256 |
| L3 cache, MiB | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 |
| UnCore frequency, GHz | 2,4 | 2,13 | 2,4 | 2,66 | 2,66 |
| RAM | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 | 3×DDR3-1066 | 3×DDR3-1066 |
| 733 | - | - | - | - | |
| Socket | LGA1156 | LGA1156 | LGA1156 | LGA1366 | LGA1366 |
| TDP | 73 W | 95 W | 95 W | 130 W | 130 W |
| Price | N/A() | N/A() | N/A() | N/A() | N/A() |
As expected when testing a new family of processors, there will be more competitors than test subjects. Especially competitors produced in the same factories. The company of Intel processors we selected at first glance looks too diverse, but the selection logic is simple - the table (from left to right) shows:
The last two models, of course, we need mainly out of curiosity - any processor announced today for LGA1155 is not ashamed to lose to them :) However, there are serious suspicions that the Core i7-2600 will not be able to lose to the “extreme” i7-975 Extreme (how no matter how hard he tries), but a comparison with the i7-980X on a wide range of applications is of considerable interest.
| CPU | Phenom II X4 970 | Phenom II X6 1090T |
| Kernel name | Deneb | Thuban |
| Production technology | 45 nm | 45 nm |
| Core frequency (std/max), GHz | 3,5 | 3,2/3,6 |
| Starting multiplication factor | 17,5 | 16 |
| Turbo CORE operation diagram | - | 3-3-3-0-0-0 |
| Number of cores/threads | 4/4 | 6/6 |
| L1 cache, I/D, KB | 64/64 | 64/64 |
| L2 cache, KB | 4×512 | 6×512 |
| L3 cache, MiB | 6 | 6 |
| UnCore frequency, GHz | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| RAM | 2×DDR3-1333 | 2×DDR3-1333 |
| Graphics core frequency, MHz | - | - |
| Socket | AM3 | AM3 |
| TDP | 125 W | 125 W |
| Price | N/A(0) | N/A(0) |
Now let's move on to AMD. It is obvious that when the heavy equipment of the “blues” enters the battlefield, the “greens” are left only with guerrilla warfare and ambush operations. In any case, this situation will last until Superwaffe, codenamed “Bulldozer,” rolls out of the laboratories, but there is quite a lot of time left until that moment. Today we will not touch the “green partisans”, in the form of hordes of various Athlon IIs, but we will look at a couple of “tank ambushes”. The first will be the Phenom II X4 970, already familiar to our readers, a processor with the highest guaranteed clock frequency of the quad-core ones on the market (Core i7-2600 reaches 3.5 GHz only in boost mode, while others are not capable of this). The second one is the Phenom II X6 1090T. The entry of this line into the market last spring allowed the company to once again return to the “$200-300” market segment, since the processors very successfully occupied a niche between the older Core i5 and the younger Core i7 - let’s see if they will be able to maintain their positions taking into account the update of the product range Intel. To be fair, both the X4 and X6 families are expected to be replenished in the near future (more precisely, the 1100T appeared at the end of last year, and the 975 now), but since we are talking about only a slight increase in clock frequency, it is obvious that the qualitative picture is a little more productive than used, Phenom II will not change.
| Motherboard | RAM | |
| LGA1155 | Gigabyte P67A-UD5 (P67) | |
| LGA1156 | Gigabyte P55A-UD6 (P55) | Kingston KVR1333D3N9K3/6G (2×1333; 9-9-9-24) |
| LGA1366 | Intel DX58SO (X58) | Kingston KVR1333D3N9K3/6G (3×1333; 9-9-9-24) |
| AM3 | Gigabyte 890FXA-UD7 (AMD 890FX) | Corsair CM3X2G1600C9DHX (2×1333; 7-7-7-20-1T, Unganged Mode) |
Testing
The performance testing methodology (list of software used and testing conditions) is described in detail in a separate article. For ease of perception, the results in the diagrams are presented as percentages (the result of the AMD Athlon II X4 620 in each test is taken as 100%). Detailed results in absolute values are available as a table in Microsoft format Excel.
3D visualization
The very first group of programs - and the first discoveries. As we already know, these tasks do not require a large number of computation threads, so what comes first is the speed with which these same threads (two or three) are “run” through the processor. That is, in other words, this is exactly the area where architectural optimizations can have the best impact. And they had an effect - the Core i5-2300 (the youngest and cheapest) has already outperformed all the processors that we tested earlier. Including the extreme Core i7-975, which no one has ever managed to beat in this test. The rest of the representatives of the new architecture, for obvious reasons, are even faster, so they simply have no one to compete with.
3D rendering
It seems to us that Sandy Bridge will have the last word in these tasks when programs begin to support the new set of AVX vector instructions. In the meantime, this is “pure” mathematics, and it is very well parallelized, so the more computation threads, the better: strength breaks straw. However, the high efficiency of each computation thread is reflected here as well. In particular, the new Core i5 is faster than the old ones with the same number of cores and at a comparable clock frequency by 10 percent (looking at the diagram, do not forget that the i5-760 in boost mode operates at a frequency of 2.93 GHz, and the i5-2300 - only 2.9 GHz). But the transition to a thinner technical process allows the new processors to operate at higher frequencies, as a result of which they can compete with both the old Core i7 and the six-core Phenom II X6. Moreover, with the latter - even despite their higher frequency;) However, miracles do not happen in the world, so six-core Core i7s are out of reach, but they are much more expensive. Therefore, the second place of the Core i7-2600 is in fact not a defeat, but a brilliant victory.
Scientific and engineering computing
Another basically low-thread group with small multi-threaded inclusions, which distinguishes it from the first. But not much - the first two places were taken by processors for LGA1155 (the first was shared by as many as two, which once again shows that Hyper-Threading technology is still far from “free”), and the “penny” Core i5-2300 was second only to “multi-ruble” ones extreme processors of previous families.
Graphic editor
As we have written more than once, applications included in this group have very different preferences: Adobe Photoshop“loves” many computation threads, but three “amateur” programs do not need them (and even sometimes interfere). Well, since there are three of them for one, it is not surprising that previously the dual-core (but high-frequency) Core i5-600 showed very good overall results. Only extreme sports, where there are a lot of cores and high frequencies, produced more. “Family 2000” suits these programs even better, and its results in Photoshop are very good - here are the new leaders. I was especially shocked by the Core i7-2600, which software package Adobe has almost caught up with the much more expensive six-core Core i7-970, and in the three remaining applications it simply has no competitors. The Core i5-2400 in them showed similar performance to the Core i5-680 (previously the leader), but outperformed it in Photoshop by almost one and a half times, which allowed this inexpensive model based on the totality of results, take a place among former leaders. The Core i5-2500 is understandably faster than them and is only behind the Core i7-2600. In general, only the youngest Core i5-2300 did not blow our minds. Although if you remember that its wholesale price is only $177, and it didn’t “shock” against the background of processors worth a whole hundred (or even all four - if you remember how much the Core i7-880 costs, to which the “baby” from the new line somewhat closer than the equivalent-frequency Core i5-760) dollars more expensive, this is also just a wonderful result.
Archivers
7-Zip is capable of using as many cores as it can find, all three subtests are very fond of a large amount of cache memory, and the latter seems to be only interested in it - in general, it’s not surprising that the new Core i5 performed not so perfectly here , as in previous groups: only four threads and a cache reduced to 6 MB make themselves felt. But “not ideal” does not mean bad - they easily outperformed all AMD processors and managed to reach approximately the level of the old Core i7, which cost about a hundred more. But the new Core i7-2600 has support for Hyper-Threading and an 8 MB cache, so its only competitor is the extreme Core i7-980X (even 975 is slower).
Compilation
Visual Studio turned out to be not the most friendly application to new processors - apparently due to the fact that the compilation task was already one of the best optimized ones. However, the Core i5-2300 slightly outperformed the Core i5-760: taking into account smaller capacity cache memory (and it is of considerable importance in this test) in the new product, this deserves a positive assessment. The increase (albeit small) is actually of strategic importance - as we remember, earlier in this program the Phenom II X6 was very good, located above the Core i5 and with older models reaching up to the younger Core i7. And now? And now with the compilation quad core(and “honest” - without any Hyper-Threading) Core i5-2400 copes at exactly the same speed as six-core Phenom II X6 1055T (albeit the youngest in the family, but more expensive)! And the next model with the 1075T index is not far behind, beating the Core i5-2500 by only one point. The older models, as we see, are still faster than even the new Core i5 and can already be compared with the old Intel processor at $294, but the new one for the same money has jumped far ahead and is only behind six-core processors Intel itself. Moreover, it cannot be said that it is very noticeable - only 10% separates it from the current extreme Core i7-980X.
Java
But SPECjvm surprised me a little, since we are already accustomed to citing this test as a good example of multi-core optimization. However, apparently, its capabilities extend to an area with eight to ten threads, but no more. While processors with different numbers of cores, but based on similar architectures, were competing, this gave obvious priority to more multi-threaded models, but as soon as we started comparing models with different efficiency per thread... In general, the Core i7-980X is still the fastest, but the superiority over the Core i7-2600 has become purely formal. Well, the Core i5-2400 somehow “didn’t notice” that the Core i7-880 supports twice as many computation threads and has a similar clock frequency, and almost caught up with it :)
Such an increase turned into a complete defeat for AMD processors - previously the Phenom II X4 970 was faster than all Core i5s, and the Phenom II X6 1090T outperformed any Core i7-800. Now the Phenom II X4 970 slower all Core i5 for LGA1155, and Phenom II X6 1090T lags behind Core i5-2500. And it’s not surprising that with the new Core i7 for LGA1155, AMD’s six-core processors, in principle, can no longer compete in performance.
Internet browsers
Previously, this group of applications was the most loyal to the Phenom II X4, since even the model with index 965 outperformed all Intel processors. Now, as we see, even the Core i5-2300 can repeat the results of the former tops, the Core i5-2400 overtakes the Phenom II X4 965 and is only slightly short of 970, and the 2500 and 2600 are simply the fastest on the market. Without any reservations :) However, as we have said more than once, from a practical point of view it makes no sense to attach great importance to the results of these tests on top processors, but from a research point of view, we tick off the fact that perhaps the last group has disappeared, where AMD processors held the lead.
Audio encoding
Another group of applications that over time could benefit a lot from the introduction of AVX, but for now operates only with “old” code. In addition, as has been said more than once, testing conditions most favor processors that can simultaneously perform a large number of computation threads. Therefore, at first glance, the new Core i5s are not that good here. But if you look closely, it becomes obvious that this is the level of the “old” Core i7 or Phenom II X6, i.e., more expensive CPUs. In any case, previously not a single quad-core crystal here scored 150 points, but now three at once score even more. The Core i7-2600, as one would expect, takes an honorable second place, behind only the six-core (and twelve-thread) Core i7-980X.
Video encoding
A similar picture to the previous one. Only now the gap between the 2600 and the 980X has become greater, but it is possible - after all, the devices are of completely different price classes. The main thing is that new devices are capable of defeating not only direct competitors, but also processors located one step higher.
Games
Even this group of applications has ended the stagnation. After which we began to run into problems with far from the slowest video card - for example, Stalker and Resident Evil 5, all new processors showed the same results :) Which, it should be noted, turned out to be much higher than all the old ones. In general, it's a matter of finding the best gaming processor, perhaps, should be considered resolved in all cases where you can spend more than $150 on a purchase - such is the Core i5-2300. Or, if finances are not so bad, then the Core i5-2400, which costs not much more, but “keeps up” at the level of former extreme sports enthusiasts. Top-end video cards or multi-GPUs remain behind the scenes, but here, it seems to us, the issue of processor price is not decisive. Moreover, even the Core i7-2600 is not too expensive. And you can overclock it to 400-800 MHz if desired... Or pay just a little extra for 2600K and overclock it even more. Or save a hundred and do the same procedure with the Core i5-2500K :) In general, the question of choice will only be faced by those who need a fast processor for games for $100 or who, on principle, want to take something very expensive.
Total
There was a time when older Phenom II X4 models sold for about $300, but the emergence of the Core i5-750 “driven” all AMD processors into the “under $200” price niche. The company was able to get out of it only by releasing the Phenom II X6. Now, it seems, history is repeating itself: even six-core Phenom IIs need to be sold at prices not exceeding $200 - to the delight of some fans, but to the horror of shareholders. (It is obvious that quad-core processors produced using the 32 nm process technology are cheaper to manufacture than six-core processors at 45 nm, despite the fact that the former have a video core.) So it will be interesting to see how the “green” ones will get out of this situation - before the release of Bulldozer- there is still quite a lot of time left.
Another family of processors was much more unlucky. Yes, in fact, the Core i5-600 can be consigned to the dustbin of history in its entirety. While it was necessary to make a choice: “four cores or integrated graphics?”, there was something to talk about. However, now the choice is obvious - four cores (faster than the old ones) And integrated graphics (faster than old ones) simultaneously. The new Core i5s are definitely better than the old ones. The current pricing policy looks a little strange: the 2400 differs from the 2300 by as much as 300 MHz and only 7 dollars, and from the 2500 by only 200 MHz and as much as 20 dollars, but this is quite understandable due to the premium for steepness. Moreover, perhaps, after the release of the new i3 (which will finally write off all processors based on the Clarkdale core) the “ladder” will be converted into 155-177-204, which will be more logical.
If the new i5 turned out to be so good, then what can we say about the Core i7-2600? An excellent processor, the absolute triumph of which was spoiled only by the extreme Core i7-980X. But even then only in the overall standings - it’s easy to notice that in half of the test groups even this expensive device can now compete only with the new Core i5, significantly getting ahead only in a few cases. Yes, this is still the difficult share of six-core processors in a desktop environment: an extremely small percentage software can make good use of their potential. Intel, it seems to us, very correctly decided that the time for multi-core processors on the desktop has already come, but “many” still means “four”. For extreme sports enthusiasts, more is possible, but only if they are willing to pay for it :) And pay regularly - previously the same 980X competed only with the same extreme models, but now it does not always outperform budget ones. And the previous extreme one lost miserably everywhere to the regular Core i7-2600. Top, but ordinary. In general, it is standard practice for Intel - the new family of processors is unconditionally better than the old one, and the older models in it are no worse than the old extreme ones. Moreover, what is gratifying is that even fans of overclocking and other optimizations now do not have to prepare another thousand dollars: there are not so expensive Core i5-2500K and i7-2600K. And even more versatile than their K-series predecessors, since they are interesting not only with fully unlocked multipliers, but also with a more powerful graphics core.
To summarize, should the release of new processors be considered a success? Yes, count. Even despite the changed design, which will once again force upgrade enthusiasts to change boards: the new processors are good enough that even owners of systems with LGA1366 will be tempted to do this procedure (if only because they can replace some i7-920 with The i7-970 will be more expensive and less interesting than the i7-2600K new board) or LGA1156. Not to mention those who are still clinging to LGA775 - the time has come to finally retire any Core 2 Duo, and Core 2 Quad too. Well, those who buy assembled computers simply receive a small gift from the company - for the same money as in December last year, they can buy about 20 percent more processor power :)
To connect the computer processor to the motherboard, special sockets are used. With each new version processors received more and more features and functions, so usually each generation used a new socket. This negated compatibility, but made it possible to implement the necessary functionality.
Over the past few years, the situation has changed a little, and a list of Intel sockets has formed that are actively used and supported by new processors. In this article, we have collected the most popular 2017 Intel processor sockets that are still supported.
Before we look at processor sockets, let's try to understand what they are. A socket is the physical interface connecting the processor to the motherboard. The LGA socket consists of a series of pins that align with the plates on the underside of the processor.
New processors usually need a different set of pins, which means a new socket. However, in some cases, processors remain compatible with previous ones. The socket is located on the motherboard and cannot be upgraded without completely replacing the board. This means that upgrading the processor may require a complete rebuild of the computer. Therefore, it is important to know which socket is used on your system and what you can do with it.
1. LGA 1151
LGA 1151 is the latest Intel socket. It was released in 2015 for the Intel Skylake generation of processors. These processors used the 14 nanometer process technology. Since the new Kaby Lake processors haven't changed much, this socket is still relevant. The socket is supported by the following motherboards: H110, B150, Q150, Q170, H170 and Z170. The release of Kaby Lake brought the following boards: B250, Q250, H270, Q270, Z270.
Compared with previous version LGA 1150, USB 3.0 support has appeared here, the operation of DDR4 and DIMM memory modules has been optimized, and SATA 3.0 support has been added. DDR3 compatibility was still maintained. For video, DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort are supported by default, while VGA support can be added by manufacturers.
LGA 1151 chips only support GPU overclocking. If you want to overclock the processor or memory, you will have to choose a higher-end chipset. In addition, support for Intel Active Management, Trusted Execution, VT-D and Vpro has been added.
In tests, Skylake processors show better results than Sandy Bridge, and the new Kaby Lake is even several percent faster.
Here are the processors that are currently running on this socket:
SkyLake:
Kaby Lake:
2. LGA 1150
The LGA 1150 socket was developed for the previous fourth generation of Intel Haswell processors in 2013. It is also supported by some fifth-generation chips. This socket works with the following motherboards: H81, B85, Q85, Q87, H87 and Z87. The first three processors can be considered entry-level devices: they do not support any advanced Intel features.
The last two boards added support for SATA Express, as well as Thunderbolt technology. Compatible processors:
Broadwell:
Haswell Refresh
3. LGA 1155
This is the oldest supported socket on the list for Intel processors. It was released in 2011 for the second Intel generation Core. Most Sandy Bridge architecture processors run on it.
The LGA 1155 socket has been used for two generations of processors in a row, and is also compatible with Ivy Bridge chips. This means that it was possible to upgrade without changing the motherboard, just like now with Kaby Lake.
This socket is supported by twelve motherboards. The senior line includes B65, H61, Q67, H67, P67 and Z68. All of them were released along with the release of Sandy Bridge. The launch of Ivy Bridge brought the B75, Q75, Q77, H77, Z75 and Z77. All boards have the same socket, but some features are disabled on budget devices.
Supported processors:
Ivy Bridge
Sandy Bridge
4. LGA 2011
The LGA 2011 socket was released in 2011 after LGA 1155 as a socket for high-end Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge E/EP processors. The socket is designed for six-core processors and all Xeon processors. For home users, the X79 motherboard will be relevant. All other boards are designed for corporate users and Xeon processors.
In tests, Sandy Bridge-E and Ivy Bridge-E processors show pretty good results: performance is 10-15% higher.
Supported processors:
These were all modern intel processor sockets.
5. LGA 775
It was used to install processors Intel Pentium 4, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad and many others, up to the release of LGA 1366. Such systems are outdated and use the old DDR2 memory standard.
6. LGA 1156
The LGA 1156 socket was released for the new line of processors in 2008. It was supported by the following motherboards: H55, P55, H57 and Q57. New processor models for this socket have not been released for a long time.
Supported processors:
Westmere (Clarkdale)
Nehalem (Lynnfield)
7. LGA 1366
LGA 1366 is a version of 1566 for high-end processors. Supported by X58 motherboard. Supported processors:
Westmere (Gulftown)
Nehalem (Bloomfield)
conclusions
In this article, we looked at generations of Intel sockets that were used before and are actively used in modern processors. Some of them are compatible with new models, while others are completely forgotten, but are still found on users’ computers.
Latest Intel socket 1151, supported by Skylake and KabyLake processors. We can assume that the CoffeLake processors that will be released this summer will also use this socket. There used to be other types of Intel sockets, but they are already very rare.
Socket (colloquial - socket) central processor is a connector located on the computer motherboard to which the central one is connected. The processor, before it is installed on the motherboard, must fit the socket. It is very easy to understand what a processor socket is, if you remember that the latter is a microcircuit, only of relatively large size. The socket is located on the motherboard and looks like a low rectangular structure with many holes, the number of which corresponds to the processor legs. To securely fix the inserted microcircuit in the socket, a specially designed mechanical latch is used. Note that Intel, unlike AMD, has recently been using a different principle of connecting the processor and board.
Sometimes on forums the question is asked about which socket to choose. In fact, you should first select a processor, and then a board with the appropriate socket for it. However, one must take into account important point. Intel is famous for the fact that often each new generation of processors involves the use of a new socket. This may lead to the fact that a recently purchased computer based on a processor from this company will be difficult to upgrade in a few years due to the incompatibility of the installed microprocessor and new ones offered on the market. AMD has a more loyal attitude towards customers: changing sockets occurs more slowly, and backward compatibility is usually maintained. Although, times are changing.
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| PIN DIP | 8086/8088, 65С02 | 40 | 1970 |
| CLCC | Intel 80186, 80286, 80386 | 68 | 1980 |
| PLCC | Intel 80186, 80286, 80386 | 68 | 1980 |
| Socket 80386 | Intel 386 | 132 | 1980 |
| Socket 486/Socket 0 | Intel 486 | 168 | 1980 |
| Motorola 68030 | Motorola 68030, 68LC030 | 128 | 1987 |
| Socket 1 | Intel 486 | 169 | 1989 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 2 | Intel 486 | 238 | 1989 |
| Motorola 68040 | 68040 | 179 | 1990 |
| Socket 3 | Intel 486, 5x86 | 237 | 1991 |
| Socket 4 | Pentium | 273 | 1993 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 5 | Intel 486 | 238 | 1994 |
| Socket 463 NexGen | Nx586 | 463 | 1994 |
| Motorola 68060 | 68060, 68l0C60 | 206 | 1994 |
| Socket 7 | Pentium, AMD K5, K6 | 321 | 1995(Intel), 1998(AMD) |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 499 | DEC EV5 21164 | 499 | 1995 |
| Socket 8 | Pentium / Pentium 2 | 387 | 1955 |
| Socket 587 | DEC EV5 21164A | 587 | 1996 |
| Mini-Cartridge | Pentium 2 | 240 | 1997 |
| MMC-1 Mobile Module Connector | Pentium 2, Celeron | 280 | 1997 |
| Apple G3/G4/G5 | G3/G4/G5 | 300 | 1997 |
| MMC-2 Mobile Module Connector | Pentium 2.3, Celeron | 400 | 1998 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| G3/G4 ZIF | Power PC G3 G4 | 288 | 1996 |
| Socket 370 | Pentium 3, Celeron, Cyrix, Via C3 | 370 | 1999 |
| Socket A/Socket 462 | AMD Athlon, Duron, MP, Sempron | 462 | 2000 |
| Socket 423 | Pentium 4 | 423 | 2000 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 478 / Socket N / Socket P | Intel 486 | 238 | 1994 |
| Socket 495/MicroPGA 2 | Mobile Celeron/Pentium 3 | 495 | 2000 |
| PAC 418 | Intel Itanium | 418 | 2001 |
| Socket 603 | Intel Xeon | 603 | 2001 |
| PAC 611 / Socket 700 / mPGA 700 | Intel Itanium 2, HP8800, 8900 | 611 | 2002 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 604/S1 | Intel 486 | 238 | 2002 |
| Socket 754 | Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64 | 754 | 2003 |
| Socket 940 | Opteron 2, Athon 64FX | 940 | 2003 |
| Socket 479/mPGA479M | Pentium M, Celeron M, Via C7-M | 479 | 2003 |
| Socket 478v2/mPGA478C | Pentium4, Pentium Mobile, Celeron, Core | 478 | 2003 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket 939 | Intel 486 | 939 | 2004 |
| LGA 775/Socket T | Pentium4, Celeron D, Core 2, Xeon | 775 | 2004 |
| Socket 563 / Socket A / Compact | Mobile Athon XP-M | 563 | 2004 |
| Socket M/mPGA478MT | Celeron, Core, Core 2 | 478 | 2006 |
| LGA771/Socket J | Xeon | 771 | 2006 |
Socket A. This connector is known as Socket 462 and is a socket for processors from Athlon Thunderbird to Athlon XP/MP 3200+, as well as for AMD processors such as Sempron and Duron. The design is made in the form of a ZIF socket with 453 working contacts (9 contacts are blocked, but despite this, the number 462 is used in the name). The system bus for Sempron, XP Athlon has a frequency of 133 MHz, 166 MHz and 200 MHz. The weight of coolers for Socket A, recommended by AMD, should not exceed 300 grams. The use of heavier coolers can lead to mechanical damage and even lead to failure of the processor power system. Processors with a frequency of 600 MHz (for example, Duron) and up to 2300 MHz (meaning the Athlon XP 3400+, which never went on sale) are supported.
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket S1 | Athon Mobile, Sempron, Turion 64/X2 | 638 | 2006 |
| Socket AM2/AM2+ | Athon 64/FX/FX2, Sempron, Phenom | 940 | 2007 |
| Socket F/ Socket L/Socket 1207FX | Athon 64FX, Opteron | 1207 | 2006 |
| Socket/LGA 1366 | ,Xeon | 1366 | 2008 |
| rPGA988A/Socket Q1 | Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron | 988 | 2009 |
LGA 1366 socket – Made in 1366 contact form, produced since 2008. Supports Intel processors – Core i7 series 9xx, Xeon series 35xx to 56xx, Celeron P1053. WITH speed characteristics from 1600 MHz to 3500 MHz. Core i7 and Xeon (35xx, 36xx, 55xx, 56xx series) with integrated three-channel memory controller and QuickPath connection. Replacement of Socket T and Socket J (2008)
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket AM3 | AMD Phenom, athlon, Sempron | 941 | 2009 |
| Socket G/989/rPGA | G1/G2 | 989 | 2009 |
| Socket H1/LGA1156/a/b/n | Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron, Xeon | 1156 | 2009 |
| Socket G34/LGA 1944 | Opteron 6000 series | 1944 | 2010 |
| Socket C32 | Opteron 4000 series | 1207 | 2010 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| LGA 1248 | Intel Itanium 9300/9600 | 1248 | 2010 |
| Socket LS/LGA 1567 | Intel Xeon 6500/7500 | 1567 | 2010 |
| Socket H2/LGA 1155 | Intel Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge | 1155 | 2011 |
| LGA 2011/Socket R | Intel Core i7, Xeon | 2011 | 2011 |
| Socket G2/rPGA988B | Intel Core i3/i5/i7 | 988 | 2011 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| Socket FM1 | AMD Liano/Athlon3 | 905 | 2011 |
| Socket AM3 | AMD Phenom/Athlon/Semron | 941 | 2011 |
| Socket AM3+ | Amd Phenom 2 Athlon 2 / Opteron 3000 | 942 | 2011 |
| Socket G2/rPGA989B | Intel Core i3/i5/i7, Celeron | 989 | 2011 |
| Socket FS1 | AMD Liano/Trinity/Richard | 722 | 2011 |
Socket AM3 is a desktop processor socket that is further development Socket AM2+ models. This connector has support for DDR3 memory, as well as more high speeds HyperTransport bus operation. The first processors to use this socket were the Phenom II X3 710-20 and Phenom II X4 models 805, 910 and 810.
Socket AM3 + (Socket 942) is a modification of Socket AM3, developed for processors codenamed “Zambezi” (microarchitecture - Bulldozer). Some socket AM3 motherboards will allow you to update the BIOS to use socket AM3+ processors. But when using AM3+ processors on AM3 motherboards, it may not be possible to obtain data from the temperature sensor on the processor. Also, the power saving mode may not work due to the lack of support for fast core voltage switching in the Socket AM3 version. The AM3+ socket on motherboards is black, while the AM3 is white. The diameter of the holes for the pins of processors with Socket AM3 + exceeds the diameter of the holes for the pins of processors with Socket AM3 - 0.51 mm versus the previous 0.45 mm.
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| LGA 1356/Socket B2 | Intel Sandy Bridge | 1356 | 2012 |
| Socket FM2 | AMD Trinity/athlon X2/X4 | 904 | 2012 |
| Socket H3/LGA 1150 | Intel Haswell/Broadwell | 1150 | 2013 |
| Socket G3/rPGA 946B/947 | Intel Haswell/Broadwell | 947 | 2013 |
| Socket FM2/FM2b | AMD Kaveri/Godvari | 906 | 2014 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| LGA 2011-3 / LGA 2011 v3 | Intel Haswell, haswell-EP | 2011 | 2014 |
| Socket AM1/FS1b | AMD Athlon/Semron | 721 | 2014 |
| LGA 2011-3 | Intel Haswell/Xeon/haswell-EP/ ivy bridge EX | 2083 | 2014 |
| LGA 1151/Socket H4 | Intel Skylake | 1151 | 2015 |
| Type | Purpose | Number of contacts | Year of issue |
| LGA 2066 Socket R4 | Intel Skylake-X/Kabylake-X i3/i5/i7 | 2066 | 2017 |
| Socket TR4 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper | 4094 | 2017 |
| Socket AM4 | AMD Ryzen 3/5/7 | 1331 | 2017 |
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