Sections: Computer science
Lesson type: combined.
Goal: creating a table of contents of the finished text - poems by A.S. Pushkin using the main menu and previously learned paragraph and character formatting skills.
- repeat the basic functions, purpose of a text editor, editing techniques and document formatting,
- execute practical work“Creating a table of contents in a text document”,
- evaluate the received work from the point of view of the technology for creating a table of contents in a text document, as well as from the point of view of suitability for use when writing an abstract.
Hardware, software and visibility:
- computers of students, teachers, the local network, projector, interactive whiteboard, marker board, chalk board,
- Windows (operating system), OpenOffice. Org Writer (text editor), Netop School (classroom management program), moodle (distance learning system),
- document containing additional material on text editors (Appendix 1),
- document containing poems by A.S. Pushkin (Appendix 2),
- algorithm for creating a table of contents with hyperlinks (Appendix 3).
Lesson plan.
- Organizational moment, goal setting (1-2 min.)
- Updating knowledge. (2 minutes.)
- Presentation of new material (10 min.)
- Practical work (20 min.)
- Examination of works (5-7 min.)
- Summarizing. (1-2 min.)
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Greetings, checking those present. Explanation of the lesson.
II. Updating knowledge.
In this lesson we will continue to get acquainted with the types of free software and its functions on the distance learning website.
For processing text information The computer uses text editors that allow you to create, edit, format, save and print documents.
The simplest text editors (for example, the standard Notepad application) allow you to edit text, as well as perform simple formatting.
More advanced text editors (eg. Microsoft Word and OpenOffice. orgWriter), which are called word processors, have a wider range of document creation capabilities (inserting figures and tables, spell checkers, saving edits, etc.).
To prepare for the publication of books, magazines and newspapers in the process of publication layout, powerful text processing programs are used - desktop publishing systems (for example, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Office Publisher).
To prepare Web pages and Web sites for publication on the Internet, specialized applications (for example, Microsoft FrontPage) are used. (Annex 1)
Testing your knowledge of the previous topic.
Frontal survey:
- What is a text editor?
- List the main functions and purpose of the text editor.
- How to launch a text editor?
- What is text editing?
- What is text formatting?
- What is a symbol?
- What is a paragraph?
- How to highlight a word?
- How to highlight a paragraph?
III. Presentation of new material
Guys, we remembered that formatting a document means changing it appearance. Any word processor provides document formatting at five different levels:
- at the character level (changing typeface, style, changing font size (size) and color, background, animation),
- at the paragraph level (left, right, center and justified alignment; right and left indents; first line indent; indents before and after paragraph; line spacing),
- at the page level (page settings, page size, page orientation, frame, footers, pagination),
- at the section level (forming sections from the next page or on the current page, dividing text into columns),
- at the document level ( page numbers, table of contents).
When creating a new document based on a template Ordinary, it gets a copy of the style set from the base set styles general purpose(from built-in styles): Regular, Titles 1, 2, 3. (demonstrated on the interactive whiteboard - document styles)
Assigning standard editor styles to paragraphs in a document makes it fast.
<Рисунок 1>
changing the appearance of the created document by applying styles from the style library. Built-in styles provide formatting of headings at various levels and allow you to view the hierarchical structure of the document in the mode structure, and also quickly build a table of contents.
Many users type a table of contents manually, not knowing that a word processor can create it automatically. You just need to designate headings in the document using styles.
Let's start by highlighting the headings. Place the cursor on the line that you want to make a heading and select the "Heading 1" style from the drop-down list in the toolbar. In our work, the first level heading is the author of the poems.
For nested subheadings, you should use the style "Heading 2", "Heading 3", and so on. For example, the title of poems can be designated with the "Title 2" style.
How to automatically create a table of contents for a text document? As you enter text, assign specific styles to all headings. And watch carefully hierarchy of heading styles in the structure of the document. Independent headings (not nested in any others, for example: Introduction, Chapter 1, ... Conclusion, References) are first level headings - “Heading 1”, embedded in them - second level headings - “Heading 2” and so on.
To determine the level of a heading in the document structure hierarchy, you can use a simple rule: if the headings in your document were numbered, then the headings of the first level are those that would be numbered with one digit (1, 2, 3), the second - those that would be numbered with two numbers (1.1,1.2,1.3), the third – three (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3), etc.
Let's do the work according to the following algorithm: (the algorithm is located in the distance learning system at http://shkola9.edu.ru/moodle/) in the 11th grade section.
<Рисунок 2>
Using Tables of Contents and Indexes
Let's consider an example of creating an information system using word processor OpenOffice. It is required to create a table of contents for the poems of A.S. Pushkin. (Appendix 2)
1. Save Text Document for the editor OpenOffice.Writer in file Text structures data 1 in your personal folder and open it .
File for OpenOffice.Writer (hyperlink to the file located on the distance learning site)
2. Line Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin form it as a first level heading.
- select line
- execute command style -> heading 1
3. We form the titles of the poems as second level headings .
<Рисунок 3>
4. Number the pages:
- Insert - > Footer
- Insert - > Fields - > Page number
5. Create a table of contents:
- place the cursor where the table of contents will be located (the very beginning of the document)
- Insert > Table of Contents and Indexes > Table of Contents and Indexes
<Рисунок 4>
- Uncheck "Protected from manual changes"
6. Open the table of contents editing window (via the context menu or execute the commands: Insert -> Table of Contents and Indexes -> Table of Contents and Indexes).
<Рисунок 5>
7. On the tab Elements Set the table of contents editing window (Fig. 6):
1) title level for hyperlinks;
2) place the cursor in front of element;
<Рисунок 6>
4) place the cursor after element(Fig. 7);
<Рисунок 7>
6) Button Element should be between the buttons GN(hyperlink start) and GK(hyperlink end) - OK
7) Repeat these steps for level 2(Fig. 8).
<Рисунок 8>
<Рисунок 9>
The final version of the work
Actions are demonstrated on the interactive whiteboard in real time and commented on by the teacher.
IV. Practical work
Students go to their workstations at the computers. Log in to the distance learning website http://shkola9.edu.ru/moodle/ in the 11th grade section and do practical work according to the algorithm (it was discussed above in Appendix 3) given in the system.
<Рисунок 10>
The resulting work is saved in the distance learning system under the proposed name for verification by the teacher.
<Рисунок 11>
5. Examination of work
As work is received in the distance learning section, the teacher reviews the work, if the work is completed, that’s right, a mark is given, but if the teacher thinks that the work needs to be completed, he writes a comment on the work. The student sees a mark or comment and decides whether to report the mark or complete the work.
6. Summing up.
Reflection with students on the topic of creating a table of contents with hyperlinks and using this skill in the design of abstracts and articles on other subjects.
In large electronic documents that contain many pages, sections, and chapters, search necessary information without structuring and table of contents it becomes problematic, since it is necessary to re-read the entire text. To solve this problem, it is recommended to develop a clear hierarchy of sections and chapters, create styles for headings and subheadings, and also use an automatically generated table of contents.
Let's look at how a table of contents is created in text editor OpenOffice Writer.
It is worth noting that before creating a table of contents, you first need to think about the structure of the document and, in accordance with this, format the document using styles that are designed for visual and logical design of data. This is necessary because the table of contents levels are built based on the document styles
Formatting a Document in OpenOffice Writer Using Styles
- Open the document you want to format
- Select the piece of text to which you want to apply the style.
- Format — Styles or press F11 key
- Select a paragraph style from the template
- Style your entire document the same way.
Creating a table of contents in OpenOffice Writer
- Open the styled document and place the cursor where you want to add a table of contents
- In the main menu of the program, click Insert — Table of contents and indexes, and then again Table of contents and indexes
- In the window Insert table of contents/index on the tab View indicate the name of the table of contents (heading), its visibility area and mark the impossibility of manual correction
- Tab Elements allows you to make hyperlinks from table of contents elements. This means that by clicking on any element of the table of contents using the Ctrl button, you can go to the specified area of the document
To add hyperlinks to the table of contents you need to go to the tab Elements In chapter Structure in the area before #E (indicates chapters), place the cursor and press the button Hyperlink(the designation GN should appear in this place), then move to the area after E (text elements) and press the button again Hyperlink(GK). After this you need to press the button All levels
- Particular attention should be paid to the tab Styles, since it is in it that the hierarchy of styles in the table of contents is determined, that is, the sequence of importance according to which the elements of the table of contents will be built
- On the tab Columns you can give the table of contents the appearance of columns with a certain width and spacing
- You can also specify background color table of contents. This is done on the tab Background
As you can see, making content in OpenOffice is not at all difficult, so don’t neglect it and always structure your electronic document, because a well-developed document structure will not only allow you to quickly navigate through the document and find the necessary structural objects, but will also give your documentation order.
In this article I would like to talk about the nuances of creating and editing a table of contents in LibreOffice Writer - a convenient and often mandatory thing in research, coursework and dissertations.
First, we need text divided into titled parts. The simplest option is poetry. Take, for example, the quatrains of Agnia Barto from the “Toys” cycle. Let's copy and paste them into new document(let me remind you that to create it, you just need to click on the Writer shortcut or select Create: Writer Document on start screen package):
Until some point, to my shame, I made a table of contents in the following way: you type or copy the desired heading, add the page number to it and align the distance between them with dots. Oh, this is a long and pointless task, especially if the document was due “yesterday”. Therefore, I urge you to deal with the automatic table of contents once, making your future life much easier :)
Let's save the document and start creating a table of contents. The easiest way in this case is to use styles. In fact style is a font settings template that allows you to quickly apply them to the desired piece of text. Let's assign styles in our document: to do this, we will highlight the desired heading and select the desired style in the drop-down list on the toolbar:
To include paragraphs with a custom style in the table of contents, you need to: select the menu item Tools->Numbering Structure and on the Numbering tab, in the Paragraph style field, select the style that you want to include in the table of contents, and select the hierarchy level for it in the Level list. Headings with the selected style can now be included in the table of contents.
Now let's create a table of contents. Let's place the cursor in the place in the document where it should be - let's have it at the beginning. Go to the menu item Insert->Table of Contents and Indexes->Table of Contents and Indexes.... Let’s immediately configure the parameters of our table of contents: in the Title field we enter the name “Contents”, the Type field and other settings are left as they are proposed by default. For a regular table of contents this will be sufficient. Click OK and see the result:
The table of contents was generated automatically taking into account the styles we specified. It's convenient that If any subheadings change, they can be automatically updated in the content. For example, let’s change the title of the poem “Ball” to “Our Tanya is crying loudly...” and click the Update table of contents/index button in the context menu or select the command Tools->Update->All tables of contents and indexes. The title of the verse in the content will also change:
Out of respect for the great poetess, we will return the original title of the verse and update the table of contents again.
We can also change the style of table of contents elements. To do this, select the Edit table of contents/index command in the context menu and go to the Styles tab. Now let’s select the level of the item in the left window - for example, the line “Agniya Barto “Toys” has level 2 (since Heading 2 was selected as the style of this line by default, mapped to the second level of the table of contents) and change its style from the preset Table of Contents 2 to Title by selecting it in the right window and clicking the destination button<:
Result of changes:
To change the white space filler between paragraph and page number(dot) again go to the menu item Edit table of contents/index. On the Elements tab, click the Tab stop button and change the values of the Placeholder field for the 2nd nesting level:
When working with a table of contents, it is sometimes necessary to make changes manually. For example, we do not want the line “Agniya Barto “Toys” to be displayed as an item in the content, but we want to make it the title. For this you need allow manual editing(this is disabled by default).
If the cursor cannot be placed in the table of contents, try selecting Tools->Options->LibreOffice Writer->Format Marks and select the Allow checkbox in the Cursor in protected areas section.
Let's click right click mouse over the table of contents, select the item context menu Edit the table of contents/index and uncheck the Protected from manual changes checkbox on the View tab. Now we can remove this paragraph and move the title to the beginning of the document. In this case, we cut and pasted the content between the title and the main text:
Note that when moved, the content “lost” its gray background and now cannot be edited. It still allows you to jump to the content of the desired item, but now it is not available for updating, changing styles and other operations. Therefore, it is advisable to transfer only the final version of the table of contents.
Let's finish here. In this article, we looked at the basic techniques for working with a table of contents in LibreOffice Writer. However, if you still have questions about this topic, you can ask them in the comments or on our forum. We will try to answer them promptly :)
I've been using OpenOffice for a long time. Four years, since the first beta versions of OpenOffice 2.0. The second generation differed quite significantly from the first and could more or less compete with the then Microsoft Office 2003, so it was interesting to use an alternative free office suite. But since my work is mainly related to text, I mostly had to use Writer - a text editor.
The other day I needed to do something more complex than simple typing with highlighting a couple of words, document design, and I decided to carry out this activity not in the usual Word 2003, but in OpenOffice Writer 3.1. In particular, the task was as follows: create content with links based on headings; number all pages except the first.
In general, I’m not satisfied with OpenOffice because it generally allows you to do everything the same as MS Office, but sometimes the functions are performed in such a non-obvious way that it becomes clear why everyone doesn’t switch to this software package en masse. It is enough to remember the default template setting. And there were a couple of such “tricks” in the page numbering. But I’m glad that all these actions are described in detail in the help. Having dealt with everything, I now share my newly acquired experience.
Adding content
I’ll make a reservation right away that I’m describing the English version of the package, since that’s exactly what I use. Let's start with the content. It is inserted through the menu Insert→Indexes and Tables→Indexes and Tables. In the window Insert Index/Table On the left is the preview area, and on the right are the parameters of the field being added. I note that the preview, in my opinion, was made more clear than in Word.
Type of element to be added (I entered the word "Content" myself)
By default, adding content is selected. But there are other options. Depending on the selection, the element to be inserted onto the page will be generated.
Appearance of the inserted element
On the tab Indexes design and formatting are set. Region Structure consists of five text fields and four buttons. The button indicates a particular element in the content (paragraph number, title, page number, etc.). By clicking on it below you can choose a design style. Those characters that are inserted into all lines of content are added to the text fields. Before or after the required element. It must be said quite flexibly, but not very clearly and not immediately understandable.
Adding pagination
Now for page numbering. First you should enable the footer through the menu Insert→Footer→All. Then you should move the cursor to it and select the menu Insert→Fields→Other(you can also Insert→Fields→Page Number, unless any additional formatting is required). The Fields window allows you to insert various data onto the page. I believe they are small scripts that display this or that information.
Selecting from the first list Page, and in the second Page numbers in the third you will be asked to select a page format (character, numeric, Roman numerals, etc.). There is a field below Offset(offset), where you can specify how many pages to skip before starting numbering.
Let's say they inserted it. Of course, all this was done not through one menu item, as in MS Word, but everything was more or less clear. The same cannot be said about removing the footer from the first page (so that its number does not appear there). And here I first had to dance a ritual dance with a tambourine, and then go into the certificate. Help, which is nice, helped.
Page styles
IN general essence is such that the first page needs to be styled First Page, which just doesn’t involve a footer. To do this, go to the menu Format→Styles and Formatting or click . In the window that appears at the top there is a toolbar that switches styles categories. The required style is located in the category Page styles(Where else could he be?). Double click with the mouse in the desired style and that’s it - the page where the cursor is positioned loses its footer.
Well, in general, I really hope that as OpenOffice improves, it will become not only faster and easier in terms of consumption random access memory, but also more logical and clear to use.
I previously published similar material. I have now revised and expanded it to include it in an upcoming style guide.
The article discusses the creation and configuration of automatic tables of contents, nominal, alphabetical and other indexes. These functions are somehow based on styles, which serves good example their practical application.
Automatic table of contents
An automatic table of contents is created based on styles that have structure levels other than the " Main text" The table of contents is automatically generated in the form of cross-references, which allows you to quickly navigate to the desired section. This structure will also be saved when imported into PDF and allows you to use the Contents feature in PDF viewers.Setting up headers
An automatic table of contents is generated based on heading styles. The heading style is essentially the paragraph style, but with one difference. Heading styles have structure levels from 1 to 10. Structure levels allow you to specify a complex design for the table of contents, for example, making indents of varying depths for chapters and subchapters.
Setting up the table of contents/index
The table of contents and index settings dialog contains several tabs that allow you to configure the index type, structure, and design. The settings are quite fine, which makes it possible to give the table of contents any desired look. An example of the possibilities for customizing the table of contents is the book “Gimp for the Photographer: Effective Processing Techniques,” the one-column layout of which was carried out in LibreOffice.
Tab " View» is responsible for generating the table of contents (index). In field " Heading» Enter the name. In the list " Type"The pointer type is selected, in our case it is " Table of contents", other types will be discussed below.Marker " Protected from manual changes» prohibits changing the table of contents from a document without using the table of contents and index settings dialog. I recommend that you always check this marker and make all changes only through dialogue and styles.
Chapter " Create index» allows you to create indexes for an entire document or an individual chapter. There you can also select the levels of structure that will be included in the index; for example, you can include only first-level headings in the table of contents.
Chapter " Use» allows you to determine on the basis of which the index will be formed. For example, the marker " Structure" means that headings will be used to form the table of contents. For most cases, activating this marker is quite enough. But you can abandon this method of formation and set “ Additional styles", which will be included in the table of contents, to do this, activate the marker " Additional styles» and press the button with three dots. The dialog box “ Assign styles"(Figure 4). Select the style that should be included in the table of contents and set its level using the buttons below the list. Here you can select any style, even one that has the “Body Text” structure level. The level assignment in this dialog does not affect the original style in any way and in fact it will have the level " Main text».
Marker " Pointer» has nothing to do with the table of contents and refers to various types pointers, which will be discussed below.
Formatting a table of contents/index
The remaining tabs in the table of contents and index settings dialog are used for direct design.
Tab " Elements» allows you to customize table of contents/index items. The following types of elements exist: GN, GK, E#, E, T, No. All elements are buttons. When you click on them, settings for each element become available. Also, all buttons can be removed/added and arranged in different orders. For example, to remove a button, select it and press the " Delete" on keyboard.
The "GN" and "GK" buttons indicate the beginning and end of a hyperlink and are usually located at the beginning and end of the element structure. This allows the table of contents/indexes to be clickable.
Button “E#” - adds “chapter number”. Includes title number not only for chapters, but also for other title levels. The “E” button is the text of the element.
Button “T” – tab stop, allows you to adjust the distance and padding parameters between the title and page number. Using the drop-down list when you right-click on the " Aggregate» You can select any character to fill.
Button “No” – adds a page number. All elements have a design that is set on the “ Styles" If necessary, you can assign your own design style to any of the elements by selecting it from the drop-down list " Character style"(character styles are assigned here, and on the tab " Styles― paragraphs).
White margins between elements allow you to add additional characters, such as spaces, between numis.
For each level of headings, you can configure your own set of elements, which allows you to achieve any design of the table of contents/index (Figure 8).
On the " Styles» Each level of table of contents/element can be assigned its own design style, which will set the parameters of color, typeface, size, indents, etc.
In the list " Levels» select a level, in the Paragraph Styles list, select the style to assign. Assign the desired style to the level using the arrow button in the center between the lists. If necessary, you can open the style parameters editor window by clicking on the button Edit».
In the example in Figure 8, indents and formatting for different levels were specified in styles. At the same time, additional character styles were applied for numbering and tabulation in second-level headings (Figure 7). Thus, in the lines with second-level headings, as many as three styles are used.
On the " Columns» you can designate the table of contents/indexes in the form of columns. In this case, you can select and configure the number and width of columns (Figure 10).
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