Closing a program (application) window means ending its work. There are several ways to shut down a program in Windows.
· Click on the button to close the window.
· Double-click on the system menu button of the program window.
· By clicking on the system menu button, open the control menu of the program window and select the last item in it, Close.
· From the File menu, select Exit.
Window
Windows are one of the most important objects in Windows. Absolutely all operations in Windows take place either on the Desktop or in some other window- rectangular area of the screen. Distinguish folder windows, dialog boxes, window help system, application windows And document windows.
The folder window is a cont. e A printer whose contents graphically display the contents of a folder. Double click on the folder icon opens its window and allows you to familiarize yourself with its contents. This way you can dive deep into the folder structure to the last nesting level.
Dialog boxes provide the ability to define parameters for some commands.
Windows programs, like the operating system itself Windows system, provide help for their use in Help windows.
Some applications use windows that are split vertically, horizontally, or even in both directions at once. The resulting rectangular panels are called regions. As shown in Fig. 2.6, the size of the area can be changed using the mouse.
Many applications allow you to work with several documents at the same time. Document windows are located inside application windows. If an application can work with more than one document, you can maximize, minimize, restore, move, and resize the windows of these documents, but they always remain within the window of your application.
There are two main types of windows – application windows and document windows. Application windows contain programs or folders; they can be moved anywhere on the Desktop, maximized to fill the entire screen, or minimized, leaving only buttons on the Taskbar.
Rice. 2.6 Resizing an area using the mouse
Application windows
Application Window Elements
In Fig. Figure 2.7 shows a typical window and shows the elements found in almost all windows: window borders, title bar, menu bar, toolbars, work area, status bar. In the work area of the application window there are Document Windows (Fig. 2.8). If the program does not support multi-document operating mode (for example, standard Windows program Notepad), then a single document occupies the entire Workspace.
Title bar
The title bar (top line of the window) displays the name of the program and/or the name of the current resource. If the window is not maximized to full screen, by pointing to the Title Bar, you can drag window to another location on the screen. Double click On the Title Bar, you can maximize the window to fill the entire screen if the window does not occupy the entire screen, or, if the window occupies the entire screen, restore the window to its previous size.
On the left side of the title bar, a picture corresponding to this task is displayed. Documents created in the program will also be marked with the same picture. Clicking on it opens window control menu, also called system menu. The system menu provides a basic set of commands common to all applications. With rare exceptions, the system menus of all programs contain the same commands. With it, you can resize and move the window using the keyboard, as well as minimize/expand and close the window. Clicking on a menu item executes the command. To the right of the command name for some commands are the corresponding keyboard key combinations - the so-called Hotkeys. Pressing hotkeys executes a command without accessing the system menu. For example, you can close an application, folder, or dialog box by pressing Alt+F4. Double-clicking the system menu button closes 
window, which corresponds to the end of the program.
Rice. 2.7. Application Window Elements
Window control buttons
On the right side of the title bar there are 3 window control buttons .
The right of the three buttons is designed to close the window. Clicking on it terminates the window.
Clicking on the minimize button (the left one of the three) removes the window from the Desktop, leaving only the button on the Taskbar. This leaves the application open and running, but the window no longer takes up screen space. The window can be maximized again by clicking on the corresponding taskbar button or by pressing the Alt + Tab keys.
The middle of the three buttons, depending on the degree to which the window is maximized on the desktop, may have a Restore 2 or Maximize 1 icon. The Restore button moves the window to an intermediate state - it is present, but does not occupy the entire screen (in the intermediate state the window has Borders). At the same time, you can simultaneously see several applications on the screen, the size and location of which can be changed. You can change the location of a window on the desktop by dragging the mouse while placing the mouse pointer on the window title bar. The Maximize button enlarges the window to the size of the desktop (when maximized, the window does not have a Borders element and its location remains unchanged, because it occupies the entire area of the Desktop free from the Taskbar). When working with an application, it makes sense to maximize its window in order to use the entire usable screen area.
Rice. 2.8 Application window with document windows in the Workspace.
Borders
In non-maximized display mode, the window has borders. You can resize the window by dragging the corresponding borders with the mouse. To change the width of the window, place the mouse pointer on its left or right border, to change the height - on the top or bottom; to simultaneously change the width and height of the window, point the mouse at one of the corners of the window (when pointing the mouse at the border of the window, the mouse cursor diagram takes the form of a horizontal Ö, vertical ×, or diagonally located double-headed arrow ( or ). Then use the mouse drag and drop the specified border to the desired location.
Menu bar
The system menu and menu bar are the two main elements of the menu system Windows applications. The system menu “drops out” from an icon that is located on the left side of the window title, and the menu bar is a line of commands located directly below the title.
As a rule, all program commands are available through the menu. The menu bar is unique to each program, although many commands are the same across different tasks. Clicking on a menu item opens a drop-down menu from which the desired command is selected. For example, the File menu includes commands for opening and closing files, the Edit menu contains commands for making changes to a document, etc. Menu commands whose name in the list ends with a triangle symbol 4, when the mouse cursor hovers over them, show new level menu. In cases where a program needs to execute a command Additional Information(such commands in the menu end with an ellipsis …) , is displayed on the screen dialog box, in which you can fill out input fields or select one of the proposed options. Menus and dialogs provide a consistent and predictable user experience across all Windows applications.
Note: When working with expanded document window The following appear in the menu bar: on the left – a button for the control menu of the document window with an icon of the application document; on the right are three document window control buttons.
Toolbars
Most serious Windows applications have introduced icon panels in addition to the menu system, freeing you from having to navigate through menus and submenus. A row of icons below the menu bar in Fig. 2.9 - example of a toolbar. In most applications, if you hover your mouse over an icon, explanatory text will appear: directly below the icon, in a pop-up window below the icon, or perhaps in the status bar at the bottom or top of the window.
Rice. 2.9. Toolbar Standard.
Many programs allow you to customize toolbars, allowing you to include only the commands you use most often. Many programs allow you to refuse to use such panels. By removing the toolbar, you can increase the usable area of the program window. Some programs allow you to move the Toolbar.
There can be one or several toolbars in the program window. The tool can be:
· button, clicking on which executes the command;
· combo box(for example, the Scale tool on the Standard toolbar), which provide the ability to click on the button with triangle 6 to open the list and click to select a parameter value from it, or by clicking on the input field to switch to text editing mode, enter a new value instead of the selected one, or edit the parameter value after Click again in the input field (to remove the selection). To complete editing, press the Enter key.
· Button with a set of command options, which allow you to select one of the dial buttons, which opens by clicking on the button with a triangle 6 to the right of the main command button. The main command button has the icon of the previously selected command option from the set. If the icon of the previously selected command matches the command option you need, then click on the main button for this command.
Status bar
Often along the bottom border of the window there is a Status Bar, which displays reference Information by the operation being performed (for example, cursor position or data on the selected file, etc.).
Workspace
The window space between the Toolbar and the Status Bar is occupied by the Workspace, in which program objects (documents or elements) are displayed file system). For example, the Folder window in the work area displays the file system elements contained in open folder(Fig. 2.10)
. 
Rice. 2.10 Work area in the Folder window.
If an application stops responding, in addition to the task manager, you can use a special Windows 10 option to terminate it.
In Windows 10, from time to time you will encounter applications that freeze and become unresponsive. Typically, you will see a message in the title bar of the application that the application is not responding.
Previously, you could use the task manager to stop a frozen application, but now in addition there is new feature in the Settings app, which includes an option to end apps on that app's settings page.
This guide will show you how to quickly close an app if it becomes unresponsive in Windows 10 using the Settings app.
Method 1 of 2
How to close a frozen application using System Settings.
If you're having problems with an app installed from the Microsoft Store, you can quickly stop the app and its associated processes by using Windows Settings.
Step 1: Open "Options" by pressing the key combination Win + I.
Step 2: Click section “Applications” → “Applications and features”.
Step 3: Select the app that has stopped responding and click the link "Extra options".
Step 4: On the next page, find and click the button "Complete".
Once you complete these steps, the problem app and its associated processes are terminated and the app is closed, you can open and start using it again this application but this time (Hope) no problem.
Alternatively, you can also click right click mouse on an application icon or tile in the menu "Start" and choose “Advanced”→ “Application Options” to quickly jump to the settings page for that app.
In case the problem is with a traditional desktop application, you can use the task manager to shut down the application, but you will also have to manually terminate the associated processes.
Method 2 of 2
Terminate applications using Task Manager.
In addition to universal applications this method can also be used to terminate classic desktop programs.
Step 1: Open Task Manager. Most quick way- use the keys Ctrl + Shift + Esc.
Step 2: If Task Manager opens in a small window, click More details to open the full version.
Step 3: On the tab "Processes" you will see all running applications in the category "Applications". Right-click the application you want to terminate, and then click "Complete task" to exit the application.
The ability to end apps and their associated processes for apps installed from the Microsoft Store is available starting with Windows 10 build 17063. If you don't see this option on the Settings app page, it's most likely because your Windows assembly 10 has not been updated to version 1803 (Redstone 4).
If you are faced with a problem with Explorer, then you need to understand that there can be a large number of reasons for its termination, so we will investigate and find sources. So, you got the error “ Explorer has stopped working", What to do?
Option No. 1 – Fix “Explorer has stopped working” using the ShellExView utility
This tool helps in most cases to get rid of Explorer errors. You can download it from this link: http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/shexview.html
- After launching the program, click on the column Type, this is how we sort the list;
- IN this column basically you need to look at the type Context Menu, also column File Extensions there should be an asterisk next to certain items, we will need this today;
- Items that relate to Microsoft We are not particularly interested, so we will cut off third-party ones. Select a parameter with the mouse or arrows and turn it off by clicking F7;
- Disable one of the options first, and then restart the computer. Let's check the conductor. If an error appears, continue working.
As I said, this method often helps. In special cases, we move on to the following methods.
Option No. 2 – Launch Explorer through Safe Mode
You need to go into safe mode and make sure the conductor is working stable. Is everything working perfectly? This means the reason is in some application installed on the computer. Remember what you were doing before the problem arose. Viruses may also be the cause, so you need to check your computer for them.
If the problem occurs in safe mode, then the problem is in the system files. Read the solution below.
Option #3 – Check system files for errors
A common way to solve many problems is. This is done using command line with elevated privileges. Open it and enter the command:
sfc /scannow
The result of the scan may be positive, or a message will appear that some files could not be scanned or restored. Then you need to look at the information in the logs. We go along this path and look: C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log.
Option #4 – The problem is viruses
As I already said, virus software is also the cause of many problems. You should use the following materials to help:
Option number 5 – The reason is updating the system or drivers
If the system has been updated or the drivers have been updated, then crude software with flaws may have been installed, so you will have to do it in other ways. How to do this is written at the given link.
Option #6 – Ask the experts
If none of the above helped, then ask experienced specialists who can be found on various computer forums or write in the comments below.
In the next article I will tell you... I hope you were able to fix the “Explorer has stopped working” error.
Shutting down your computer for a long time does not fall into the category of emergency problems. This usually happens very rarely when a user forgets to disable a running application. In other cases, this can happen regularly and then such a malfunction begins to greatly interfere with work. In the “natural” state, a Windows computer turns off in no more than thirty seconds, and if it takes you longer, then it’s time to check the device.
Reasons for taking a long time to complete a PC shutdown
Before you start looking for the reason in the registry and others system folders, think about your last actions on the computer. It is possible that the installation of new software or drivers could cause the “disease”. This can also happen in cases where owners of personal computers upgrade their machines and install new components. Most often, such malfunctions are the result of an emergency or incorrect shutdown of the PC. All this can cause an internal conflict to arise in the operation of the system, and its elimination will take some time.
Disconnecting the computer from the power supply while it is running or long pressing the power button on the system unit are also types of emergency shutdown of the device.
Malicious software can also cause such troubles. Typically these types of applications are downloaded to RAM computer, they consume it for their own needs and do not really want to unload from there. Thus, they block the procedure of turning off the device.
Remember that viruses can penetrate regular applications that you previously used without problems. In this case, they usually begin to work incorrectly and cause conflict not only with other installed programs. But also system components operating system.
The cause of the malfunction may be the installation of system drivers. Updating system data and installing updated ones, latest versions The development of drivers for system components does not always end well due to the fact that the developers themselves can make mistakes. A very clear example of this was related to " Windows Defender”, which caused significant harm to many users. Developers quickly identify errors and fix them, but in any case, installing an updated version of the software product may already affect your personal device in a negative way. There may be several other problems associated with drivers: when copying installation files failures, errors may occur, the user may specify incorrect parameters, etc. As a result, one or more of these problems may lead to conflicts within the system itself.
Conflicts can occur when the user wants to turn off the computer, but some active application remains on it. In some cases, developers when creating their own software products complement them by blocking force termination. As a result, when a person turns off the PC, he does not receive a notification to close the program in forced mode and the computer continues to work. Most often, this happens when some conscious action is required from the user in a running application, for example, a notification appears about saving various changes.
A frozen program has the status “Not responding”
It is not uncommon that the problem may be frozen programs. Although the status of such programs is displayed as “Not responding,” the system still recognizes them as active. In such cases, the device will also not turn off until the computer owner himself disables the frozen program.
Lack of free space on your hard drive can also lead to similar consequences. The Windows 7 operating system uses the found available space on the hard drive to store intermediate files there, which are subsequently used during interaction between the user and the PC. If the amount of free space is minimal, then the system will have to access this space much more often to save and replace files there, which also affects the performance of the device.
The page file represents the device's virtual memory. The “closest” analogue is operational. Here, just as in the case of RAM, certain data is stored, and besides, it is regularly updated when the device is turned off. Incorrect user settings, small size or even damage to this file can significantly reduce the speed of computer shutdown.
A small or incorrectly configured page file can cause PC problems
The operating system you are using can itself cause your computer to shut down for a long time. While the user is working with the computer, various information about errors, settings and other manipulations is stored in separate system files. Thus, multiple errors, installation and removal of programs damaging important files cause slow shutdowns personal computer.
Debugg
To begin with, it is advisable to use simple methods“treatments” that do not require any significant intervention in the system.
Close unnecessary processes and applications
The reason why your computer shuts down slowly may be because some application or program on the device remains active. You can do everything manually, just look at the bottom panel where the Start menu is located, see the running programs and click on the cross in the corner. If your device still does not want to turn off, this means that some application is unstable. In such a situation, the “Task Manager” will help:
Launch "Task Manager"
A frozen program that needs to be closed
If here you see the inscription: “Not responding,” then select it and click on the “Cancel task” button and confirm the operation.
Rolling back recent changes
A personal computer, or more precisely, the operating system itself, during significant changes, creates so-called restore points. Users can use them to restore their computer to its previous state. operational state, until the moment when these changes were made. Typically, a point is created: when installing or updating drivers, when making changes to system files and folders. Also, a recovery point can be created by the user himself. In our case, it can help us roll back to a time when there were no problems with turning off the PC. To do this you should:
Open the System Restore program
Specifying the optimal system restore point
Immediately after completing the procedure, your system will be returned to the same state as it was during the period you specified.
Removing malware
Surely you have an antivirus installed on your personal computer. It is necessary to protect your computer from threats that can be picked up while surfing the web. Use an antivirus and check your computer for viruses, Trojans and other malicious applications. You can do this in the following way:
Launch the antivirus
Use an antivirus to scan your computer and remove viruses
Remember that sometimes malware can even infect your antivirus. In such cases, it turns out to be useless, then you should use anti-virus applications installed on removable media.
If your computer still shuts down for a long time even after you have completely cleaned your PC of viruses, this may be due to damage to the healed files. Reinstalling programs where malicious code was found will help here.
Working with the system registry
The time that is given to a frozen program to respond to the system is determined by special parameters in system registry. This way, users can reduce the amount of time it takes for the program to respond and create an “automatic” shutdown. As a result of the changes, even if some frozen process or program is detected, and you are about to shut down the device, the system will quickly remove the application and the PC will be turned off. All manipulations are carried out in the system registry, to run which you need to:
Launching the registry editor
Find the required folders and files in the editor
In our case, we will need to make changes to three files at once, these are: HungAppTimeout, WaitToKillServiceTimeout, AutoEndTasks. The first file is responsible for identifying the frozen program by the system. The measurement takes place in milliseconds. After the specified amount has elapsed, the device will understand that the application has frozen. The second file is responsible for the time delay before shutting down a frozen application. The third one gives permission to disconnect. The optimal parameters in our case will be as follows:
Restart your computer and the changes will take effect.
Shortcut for application crashes
This is very convenient way Fixes a problem with a delay in shutting down the computer. All you need to do is create a regular document on your desktop, which contains a unique command that can stop frozen windows and applications. To do this you will need:
Create a shortcut on the desktop
We indicate in the field special team and save
A new shortcut will appear on the desktop, after clicking on which all frozen programs that are not responding to you will end.
USB Hub Power Management (For Laptops)
Laptops have additional function, which allows them to significantly save energy consumption and control battery consumption for efficient operation of the device. Often this function is unstable and causes problems associated with slow shutdown of the device. The user needs to decide what is more important to him - the battery life of the laptop or the speed of completion of work. If the second is a priority, then we can begin to manipulate, because in this case, in order to speed up the shutdown of the device, we will have to sacrifice the battery capacity. To do this you will need:
Open the “Properties” of the computer
Open "Device Manager"
In "Device Manager" we look for the hub
Change properties and save changes
If you have additional root hubs, you will need to repeat the same procedure for them.
How cleaning your computer can help you shut down faster
When working with a computer, a lot of different information accumulates on it. Data about used applications and programs, deleted ones, installed ones, and much more is saved here. Often, files may remain after programs are uninstalled, so it is recommended to use them regularly additional programs for the cleaning. For example, you can use the DriveCleanUp or CCleaner utility. Let's look at the principle of operation using the example of the second application:
We analyze the system using the program
We delete the found information using “Cleaning”
Regularly monitor the free space on your hard drive. If it becomes very small, then remove it unnecessary applications and programs, otherwise you are seriously risking your PC's performance.
Remember that on the hard drive for optimal performance The computer must have at least seven gigabytes of free space - the minimum required for the OS to work effectively.
Besides cleaning hard drive from old files and unnecessary programs, it is recommended to regularly do the same with system unit. Accumulated dust negatively affects the operation of system components, including errors, freezes, and unstable operation. Therefore, clean the components from dust from time to time.
Working with virtual memory
When a personal computer is turned off, it accesses the paging file and clears it of garbage accumulated during operation. Naturally, this procedure affects the shutdown speed of the PC, so it can be disabled. You will need:
Select the file and open its “Properties”
“Undoing changes in progress, do not turn off the computer”, but the computer cannot be turned off, what should I do?
This type of malfunction is caused by the use of a pirated copy of the operating system or regular incorrect shutdown of the personal computer. You can get rid of it if you use " Safe mode" To do this you will need:
The next thing you have to do is uninstall Latest updates systems. This can be done in the C:/windows/SoftwareDistribution/Download directory. Change the display by date and remove the most recent files. Save the changes and restart your personal computer.
Video on the topic
Video: what to do to make your computer turn on and off faster
If you encounter a similar problem and your computer does not turn off for a long time after clicking “Shut down,” then use one of the above methods. They will help you get rid of the problem effectively and quickly.
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