Software The computer and servers on the network communicate with each other while the computer is running. In addition, browsers that require activated open ports. In this material we will look at how to open ports on Windows 7 so that necessary programs and the components were allowed access and the connection became available.
The question of opening ports on the “seven” arises when that same connection goes down, data is lost, i.e. The port does not work correctly and does not accept information. It is in the "unavailable" state and requires opening to receive information again. So, let's look at the principle of opening ports in Windows 7 step by step and, for clarity, we will accompany the information with fresh screenshots from home version OS. Perhaps some points will not coincide with your version, but this order has been verified to work for everyone.
- Go to the Start menu and go to Control Panel.
- Go to the “Windows Firewall” menu, in the panel of this folder – “Advanced settings”.
- After these steps, the Firewall opens in a special mode called “enhanced security”. Next, select “Rules for incoming…”.
- Let's create a rule. To do this, click on the appropriate link.
- In order for the rule to be able to “open a port”, select a rule of the “For port” type, which will be able to manage TCP|UDP ports.
- Then we select the protocol, the range of ports: all or certain.
- You need to open the port - select the “Allow connection” item, click next and select the profile for which the port will be opened and, accordingly, the rule will work.
- We come up with a name for our rule and click “Done”.
The algorithm that answers the question - how to open ports on Windows 7, as you can see, is not very complicated. The main thing is to check the entered data carefully.
The Internet is not just web surfing. Online games, peer-to-peer networks, VPN, VOiP telephony... All this requires not only an active connection, but also open ports, and each service has its own. It is possible that you want to host your website by running a web server on your home PC. This also requires opening ports. If you bought a new router, there is a 100% chance that the ports will be closed. Port forwarding to different models routers occurs differently, but on SOHO equipment (equipment for home and small office) - accessible to an untrained user.
Why do you open ports on a router?
The Internet channel between the provider and the user can be imagined as a pair of apartment buildings at different ends of the street. Apartment - custom application, and the floor of the house is the port. Application data (packets) is carried by a virtual mailman. In the connection option without a router, when the provider's cable is directly connected to the network port of your computer, there are no problems with the ports: the package from the sender's fifth floor is easily transferred by the postman to the recipient's fifth floor.
Since even the most undemanding user at home has several devices that need an Internet connection, a router appears on the scene. And in this case, the pattern of packet movement changes. In the settings of any router that uses NAT (network address translation), all outgoing requests on any ports are closed by default. That is, if you don’t special settings, the postman with a package will be able to enter the house, but the elevator will not open the doors on the desired floor.
The simplest scheme networks with address translation (NAT)
Therefore, for the operation of video conferencing systems, torrent downloads, online games, FTP and web servers, it is necessary to configure and open the appropriate ports, which will be discussed below.
Preliminary setup, how to find out the network address of the router
The first thing you need to do is determine the router address in home network. It is not difficult.
Calling the Network Connections snap-in
View status network adapter in the Network Connections snap-in
Viewing the gateway (router) address in the network adapter information
Video: how to easily find out the IP address of a Wi-Fi router
How to open ports on a router yourself
As mentioned above, in the factory settings of any router there are no port settings and all outgoing requests are blocked. To open a port (one or more), you need to make the necessary settings through the router’s web interface.
It should be noted that the opening of a particular port is configured not for the router, but for the client (computer) that is connected to the router. If there are five users on your home network who need to open port No. 20 (for example), in the corresponding section of the web interface you will need to make five entries with settings, separately for each computer.
For TP-Link
On routers of the TP-Link family, you can open and configure a port using simple step-by-step instructions.
Web interface TP-LINK router, main screen
Adding a port via the Web interface of the TP-LINK router
Entering the port parameters of the added port in the Web interface of the TP-LINK router
If you open port 80 for your computer, for example, to run a web server, then in order to get to the router’s web interface, you will need to add port 8080 at the end of the address, like this: “192.168.1.1:8080”. This will happen because by default, access to the router’s web interface is provided through port 80. If you opened this port for your own purposes, the router will automatically change its access port to 8080.
Video: opening ports on a TP-Link router
The port does not open - what to do?
The ability to open a particular port also depends on the policy of your Internet provider, the services available under your tariff plan, and the network infrastructure. This is especially true for subscribers living in apartment buildings. In order to reduce the cost of laying a network within a house/entrance, the provider installs inexpensive routers in them, and in order for such devices to work stably with a large number of connected users, this significantly limits the possibilities.
It would be naive to expect decent performance from such hardware.
In particular, ports used by torrent trackers are blocked, IP addresses are allocated “gray” (from the address space of the intra-house router). Thus, to configure port forwarding, the user needs to configure something other than his own, home router, but inside the entrance, which in practice is not feasible.
The solution to the problem would be to switch to a more expensive tariff plan, where there will be no restrictions, or connecting a permanent (static) IP address service, which will make it possible to configure ports from a home router.
Also make sure that firewall programs or anti-virus packages installed on client computers that protect the Internet connection in real time do not block access to ports from outside.
If you try to manipulate the opening of ports in corporate network(at work) and nothing works out for you - the box opens simply. Your caring System Administrator blocked them so that you are not distracted by stupid things during work hours.
How to change or add a port to a router
All changes to port configurations are made through the router's web interface. It is also possible to configure the router via Telnet, but a user who knows how to do this will not read this article. Let's look at adding a port using the example of the web interface of a TP-Link family router.
List of open ports in the Web interface of the TP-LINK router
By changing data or adding new port, be careful not to make multiple entries with the same port number. The system will allow you to do this, since there is no “foolproof” in the router interface, but due to resource conflicts, not a single entry will work.
Solving possible problems with port forwarding
There are only two types of problems with port forwarding: a) “set it up, but it didn’t work” and b) “set it up, it worked, but it stopped working.” And if we dealt with problem “a” in the section “The port does not open...”, then we should dwell on problem “b” in more detail.
The IP address of the client computer has changed
When you open a port using the router’s web interface, in addition to the number of the port to be opened, you also enter the network address of the computer for which the port will be opened. Typically, a DHCP server is enabled on the router and client computers receive IP addresses from it. If the computer is rebooted or turned off and then turned on, the router may give it a different address than the one it had in the previous working session. Since the open port is bound to a different IP address, it will not work.
To prevent this from happening, you need to register static addresses for client computers.
Opening the network connections window through the Windows command line
Calling TCP/IP settings from the network adapter properties
Entering the static TCP/IP address data. The router address is used as the gateway address
Now the address of your computer on the network will not change even if you replace the router, and the ports open to it will work stably.
The program for which the port was opened changes it arbitrarily
The problem is typical for clients of peer-to-peer networks, in particular, torrents. Let's look at solving the problem using the uTorrent client program as an example.
By default, the client program changes the port of outgoing connections every time it is launched, and since the port is static (unchangeable) in the router settings, the program does not work correctly. To fix the error, just specify the port explicitly in the program settings and disable random port selection at startup.
Settings for uTorrent peer-to-peer client connection parameters
The port is open, but applications do not run through it
The problem is related to activating the firewall directly on the router. Easy to turn it on, without additional settings completely blocks access to ports from outside. The solution to the problem would be either fine tuning firewall through the router's web interface, or completely disabling it there.
Disabling the built-in firewall in the Web interface of the TP-LINK router
Video: setting up a firewall and router for port forwarding
If you have disabled the firewall in your router, be sure to activate it on client computers. This can be either the built-in Windows Defender OS or one of the many third party programs with advanced capabilities, for example - Eset Smart Security.
Configuring and forwarding ports on “home” series routers is a simple job that can be easily accomplished by a beginner. Although the examples we looked at are based on the web interface of routers from the TP-Link family, routers from other manufacturers allow port forwarding similar to our examples. Don't forget that any open port is an additional loophole for malware and unscrupulous people greedy for other people's data. Keep the ports open only as long as you need it for work, and if there is a long break in it, deactivate the ports. Try not to put your eggs in one basket - do not configure ports for online games and management software on the same computer bank account. Be carefull!
On routers, many people know. But there are often situations when the user does this, but an external check shows that the port is still closed. Some run into this problem and don’t understand what to do next. One common reason is the security system personal computer. The fact is that, having learned how to open ports for a router, a person does only half the job. They also need to be opened in the firewall rules on the computer. Next, we will describe in detail how to open ports on Windows 10 and lower versions of the operating system.
How to get into the firewall settings
These settings are located in the Control Panel, where there is a “System and Security” section. In new versions of the operating system, you can use a desktop element such as search. In it you need to start typing the word “firewall”, and the user will see the desired link in the results. Another very quick and convenient method for getting into the settings is to press the Win+R combination. A line will appear in which you should write: “firewall.cpl” and click OK.
How is the computer in the firewall?
In the built-in firewall settings, you need to go to "Advanced settings", after which a section with parameters in the mode will open increased security. On the left there is a field with rules for incoming connections. You need to open it and create a rule. To do this, in the “Actions” window on the right, click the corresponding item, and the “Wizard for creating a connection rule” will open. The rule type must be selected for the port. Next, the protocol type is selected and the port is specified. As a rule, TCP is chosen as the protocol, and less often - UDP. The port number is also indicated here. How do you know which port to open? Each game and program requires its own specific number. It can be found using search engine. After this, the checkbox is checked to allow the connection, a name is created for the rule, and that’s it. The port is now open. You can check its availability from the outside using special program PFPortChecker. If the check shows that the port is closed, you can resort to this option: allow the program any type of network activity. How to open ports this way? Again you need to go to the settings and create the rule again. But now it is created not for the port, but for the application. In the window that opens, you need to select the program you need access to. The checkbox is checked again to allow the connection, and a name is invented. Now the rule has been created for the program.
If this step did not help, then how can I open more ports? You can try to completely disable the firewall built into the system.
How to disable the firewall?
To disable it, you need to select the item called “Turn on and off” in the settings. A window will open with parameter settings for network types. For each, you need to check the box that disables the firewall. After confirmation, it will become inactive, and the operating system on the current computer will become completely open to threats from the external network. Therefore, it is recommended to disable the security system either for a short period of time to check for problems related to port availability, or if migrating to a third-party packet filter. And it is highly undesirable to constantly work on the network with the firewall disabled.
How to open ports for the server?
To do this, you need to open the router settings, log in, and then go to the “Firewall” item. Here you select the “Virtual Servers” option. It is worth noting that the names may differ on all routers. A window will open where you need to fill in all the fields in accordance with which server is needed. There is nothing difficult here.
How to open a port in Ubuntu?
It's no secret that Windows is aimed even at inexperienced users. That is why in this system all operations are performed using GUI. In Ubuntu, all operations are carried out using special teams, prescribed in command line. How to open ports in this system?
The answer may surprise you: not at all. The thing is that here no ports are blocked at all by the default firewall. The user, on the contrary, can block them if he wishes. If somehow the port turns out to be closed, then you can use the Nmap program to check it. It is able to recognize different port states. Thus, the Open state means that the application is ready to receive packets on this port. Filtered means that a filter or firewall is blocking a port on the network. The program cannot determine whether it is open or closed. Closed means that the port is not currently associated with any application, but can be opened at any time. Finally, the Unfiltered state means that the port is responding to the utility's request, but there is no way to determine whether it is open or closed.
If you press the space bar while scanning, the progress will appear.
If the user is closer not to text, but graphics programs, then there is a utility called Zenmap, which is a graphical front end for Nmap. She knows how to build a network map.
Results
Thus, in order to open ports on computers, there are many in various ways. Some are suitable for some operating systems, others - for others. The user must decide on the appropriate means, and the operation itself will not take much effort. In addition, it is useful to become familiar with the operation of computer technology in more detail. Such skills will always come in handy.
Recently I had to manually open ports TCP on Windows 8.1
Usually what is open by default in Windows is enough, but if you are experiencing problems, for example, connecting to the mail server, and usual ways solutions to such problems (clearing the cache, changing security settings, disabling the firewall) do not help, then you may need to open one or another port for network connections.
Wikipedia: The term firewall or its English equivalent firewall is also used to mean “firewall”.
TLS (English Transport Layer Security - transport layer security, like its predecessor SSL (English Secure Socket Layers - secure socket layer) - cryptographic protocols that provide secure data transfer between nodes on the Internet.
SMTP uses TCP port 25 by default. SSL protocol for sending mail uses port 465 by default.
POP3 uses TCP port 110 by default. TLS protocol for receiving mail uses port 995 by default.
In order to open TCP or UDP ports, you must:
1. Click the button and go to Applications Windows 8.1.
2. Find and click the icon Control Panel.
3. Select Windows Firewall.
4. In the left panel Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Windows Firewall click on Extra options.
5. A window will open.
6. In case of request from UAC Enter the administrator password to confirm the action.
Wikipedia: Control accounts users(English) User Account Control, UAC) - component of operating systems Microsoft Windows, first appeared in Windows Vista. This component prompts you to confirm actions that require administrator rights to help protect against unauthorized use of your computer. The computer administrator can disable User Account Control in the Control Panel.
7. Click on Rules for incoming connections in the left pane of the window Windows Firewall with Advanced Security incoming connections, for example, for port 995 of the mail server, or on Rules for outgoing connections, if you need to create a rule for outgoing connections, for example, for port 465 of the mail server.
8. Click on Create a rule... in the right panel.
9. After this a window will open Wizard for creating a rule for a new outgoing connection. Select a button For port and press the button Further:
10. Choose TCP protocol And Specific Remote Ports, we enter, for example, required number port 465 and press the button Further:
11. Choose Allow connection and press Further:
12. Select the profile to which the rule applies:
13. We indicate Name And Description of this rule and press the button Ready.
All! The port is open for network connection. If you need to open multiple ports, you must repeat the above steps for each port separately.
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