In the early 2000s, the Finnish company Nokia conquered the Russian market with the model 3310. There were also more expensive releases, like the slider 8890, but the simple interface of the most popular model and the indestructible body forever left that same handset with a monochrome display in history. In 2017, the brand, revived again thanks to Microsoft and HMD Global Oy, re-released the iconic model with a camera. However, this is far from the only achievement of Nokia in recent years. We'll tell you how a multimillion-dollar company survived the collapse and was able to return to business.
Nokia paper
The formation of the brand began in 1865, when engineer Fredrik Idestam opened a paper mill in Finland. Some three decades later, the company ventured into power generation. The name was taken from the location of their second plant near the Nokianvirta River. At that time, three productions decided to unite for one common cause. The Finnish rubber plant, cable plant and paper plant began to work together, but it was not until the 1960s that they became one Nokia corporation.
The company mainly focused on four markets: paper, electronics, rubber and cable. They developed such things as toilet paper, bicycle and car tires, rubber shoes, televisions, communication cables, robotics, PCs and military equipment. In 1979, Nokia entered into a joint venture with leading Scandinavian color television manufacturer Salora to create the radiotelephone company Mobira Oy. A few years later, they launched the world's first international cellular system, called Nordic Mobile Telephone. It connected Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. It was at that time that the first car phone, Mobira Senator, appeared, which weighed about 10 kg.
Nokia mobile phones
In the 1990s, the brand became a leader in the production of phones and decided to move only in this direction. In 1991, the world's first GSM call was made by the then Prime Minister of Finland, Harri Holkeri. No wonder he used Nokia equipment. The following year, Russia's first mobile phone, Nokia 1011, was launched. A couple of years later, the company launched its 2100 series of phones. This is the device where the melody was introduced. While Nokia had planned to sell 400,000 units, the series turned out to be a bestseller with 20 million phones sold worldwide.
It was followed by sliders, communicators and the world leader of the 90s - the 6100 model, which was already bringing us closer to the 3310. The new millennium was huge for Nokia, they released an insane number of really interesting phones with different configurations and displays. From the cheapest and most basic 1100 to luxury phones like the 7280 “lipstick”.
Evolution Nokia phones
1 of 4
With the launch of the first generation iPhone in 2007 and the growing popularity of touchscreen phones, Nokia launched its first smartphone in this segment in 2008. Called the 5800 Xpress Music, the Symbian v9 .4 (S60 5th Edition) device was quite successful, but failed to compete with Apple. Around that time the fall of the empire had already begun push-button phones.
Nokia call
Long before there was a recognizable melody for iPhones or even Nokia, Spanish composer Francisco Tárrega wrote a piece for lead guitar called Gran Vals. This happened back in 1902, and in 1993, the vice president of a Finnish company selected an excerpt from it and called it Nokia Tune. It was the first ringtone for cell phones that could be heard everywhere. And in 2002, with the advent of polyphony, the melody was transformed. Then there was a version on piano and guitar.
Nokia N9 in 2011 introduced a new ringtone, Nokia Tune, based on the bells and chimes that was present on early Lumia devices. A shortened version was introduced in 2013 on basic phones. A higher variant was available in 2013 on Lumia on Windows Phone 8 and has been used since 2017 on Nokia HMD Global Android phones.
Revival of Nokia
The company's collapse began in the mid-2000s. Then the company had to recall 46 million faulty batteries. They were manufactured between 2005 and late 2006 and have appeared in many Nokia phones. This meant that the recall affected a large number of devices around the world. Three years later, without getting back on its feet, the company fired most of its employees. Desperate to overcome the ongoing crisis and the inability to compete in the market, Nokia announced a strategic partnership with Microsoft to make the latest Windows Phone its main mobile OS. The first fruit of the partnership between Nokia and Microsoft was Lumia smartphones 800 and Lumia 710, which were announced at the end of 2011.
By that time, the brand had already collaborated with the German optics manufacturer Carl Zeiss. Their work was not created on a permanent basis. The first joint device with a high-quality camera was the Nokia N90 back in 2005. The Lumia series also has these optics.
Carl Zeiss collaborates with electronics brands quite often. Among the most famous, besides Nokia, are also Sony. As for glasses, where the Germans also excel, I would like to mention the clothing brand Han Kjobenhavn. They use quality optics for their sunglasses collections.
The first telephone for millions of Ukrainians was the Nokia handset: heavy, with a black and white screen and monophonic ringtones. Therefore, the Finnish company, despite the ups and downs of recent years, evokes exceptionally warm memories for many. The purchase of Nokia's consumer division by Microsoft is a good reason to remember its history, which goes back almost 150 years.
Paper, electricity, rubber and cables (1865–1967)
Back in 1865, mining engineer Fredrik Idestam opened a paper mill in the city of Tampere, which then, like the entire territory of Finland, was part of the Russian Empire. A few years later, Idestam's business was joined by his old friend– historian Leopold Mechelin. In honor of the Nokia River, on the banks of which the pulp and paper production was located, Idestam and Mechelin named their company Nokia.
Founding Fathers
At the very end of the nineteenth century, Idestam retired and the reins of Nokia passed to Mechelin. And he, being a far-sighted man, firmly decided to explore new areas of business. In addition to paper production, Nokia began to engage in electricity generation.
In 1922, a controlling stake in Nokia was bought by Finnish Rubber Works (founder Eduard Polon), a large manufacturer of rubber products. And at the same time, it “grabbed” the Finnish Cable Works company (founder Avrid Wikström), which produced electrical cables. Working under one wing, the three companies officially remained separate until 1967, when the long-awaited merger took place.
Telecommunications business (1968–1995)
In the mid-1960s, Nokia, together with Salora, began work on high-frequency radio broadcasting technology. The result of their labors was the standard cellular communication ARP, which became the main car radiotelephone Autoradiopuhelin.
In the mid-1970s, one of Nokia's first telecommunications products was released - the DX200 switch for automatic telephone exchanges. By that time commercial cellular network Based on the ARP standard, it covered almost the entire territory of Finland.
In 1979, the second major merger in Nokia's history took place: the company merged its telecommunications division with Salora. The joint venture was named Mobira. And five years later, Nokia bought out Salora's part of the company and became the sole owner of the Mobira brand.
In 1984, Nokia released one of the world's first portable phones, the Mobira Talkman. True, calling this device a “mobile phone” would be a stretch – it weighed 4.7 kg. Mobira Talkman consisted of two parts: a transceiver with a retractable antenna and a massive battery, as well as a speaking handset with a keyboard.
In three years, technological progress in the telecommunications industry has made big step forward: the Nokia Cityman mobile phone has “lost weight” to 750 grams and can already fit in one hand. The model became very popular for its time. Even Mikhail Gorbachev, the head of the USSR, was captured in the photo with the Mobira Cityman in his hand, for which the phone received the playful name “Gorba”.
Step by step Nokia moved from ARP to NMT-900 and then to GSM. In 1992, the world saw the Finnish company's first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011. The device received an updated design (similar to modern models), but was still equipped with a retractable antenna, which was then a mandatory component.
In the same year, the company's slogan became the famous phrase Connecting people, and two years later, the Nokia 2100 phone was released with the proprietary ringtone Nokia Tune. Nokia was the first European manufacturer mobile phones enters the Japanese market, which has been dominated by local brands. Over 20 million Nokia 2100 units have been sold worldwide.
Golden Age (1996–2009)
In the late 1990s, Nokia became the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer. IN best years its market share was estimated at almost 40 percent. A number of revolutionary and simply successful phone models contributed to the company's success.
Thus, in 1996, the Nokia 9000 communicator was released with a monochrome screen, a QWERTY keyboard and the GEOS operating system. "Under the hood" was hiding Intel processor x86 (frequency 24 MHz) and 8 MB of flash memory, of which only 2 MB were available for storing user data. True, the storage could be expanded using an MMC memory card.
In 1999, Nokia 7110 was introduced with support mobile internet WAP, and in 2000 – Nokia 9210 with a color display. In 2002, the first Nokia smartphone was released - model 7650 running Symbian OS. The device was not only made in the form of a slider, but also became the company's first camera phone.
Since then, smartphones have become an important part of Nokia's telecommunications business. In 2003, the Nokia 6600 model was released, which was the first among Symbian devices to sell a million copies. In 2006, the popular Nokia N73 smartphone (with support for 3G networks and a front camera) was released, and a year later, the Nokia N95 slider with a 5-megapixel camera was released.
In 2008, in response to the exit Apple iPhone Nokia introduced its first smartphone with a touch screen – the 5800 XpressMusic. The device turned out to be interesting from a technical point of view and sold well, but it is considered to be the beginning of the end of the “golden age” of Nokia. The Nokia 5800 XpressMusic was never able to become a worthy competitor to the Apple iPhone and subsequent Android smartphones.
Restructuring according to Elop (2010–2013)
In the fall of 2010, the Nokia N8 smartphone went on sale with a significantly redesigned Symbian^3 operating system. And then Stephen Elop, a native of Microsoft.
With the arrival of Elop, Nokia's development vector changed towards mobile Windows platforms Phone, while work on the Symbian and MeeGo projects was suspended. Nokia's market share in the smartphone market fell from 29 percent (2010) to 3 percent (2013). However, Elop or Nokia engineers should not be blamed for this: Symbian has outlived its usefulness and the Finnish company, in any case, had to look for a new mobile platform.
In the first days of September 2013, something that had been expected for a long time was officially announced: Microsoft was buying out the Nokia division that produces mobile phones. This means that Nokia’s history as a manufacturer of consumer electronics ends here. Although the company will continue to produce a variety of equipment for cellular operators and develop its services, it seems that the Nokia brand in the portable equipment market will face the fate of the once equally popular Siemens and Ericsson.
About Nokia
Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation. The company's headquarters is located in Espoo, a satellite city of the capital of Finland - Helsinki. Nokia produces mobile devices, as well as equipment for mobile, fixed-line, broadband and IP networks. Nokia Corporation employs approximately 132,000 employees in 120 countries. Nokia is the world's largest mobile phone maker: its global mobile device market share was 31% in the fourth quarter of 2010, up from approximately 30% in the third quarter of 2010, but up from approximately 35% in the fourth quarter of 2009. The sales area covers more than 150 countries, Nokia's global annual revenue is more than 42 billion, operating profit is ? 2 billion as of 2010.
Nokia's activities
Nokia produces mobile devices for all major market segments and protocols, including GSM, CDMA and W-CDMA (UMTS). Nokia offers internet services such as apps, games, music, maps, media and messaging through the Ovi platform. Nokia's products include mobile phones, smartphones, equipment for GSM networks, systems wireless communication, GPS navigators, Internet tablets, netbooks. In addition, Nokia and its subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks work in the production of telecommunications equipment and IT solutions. Nokia is also involved in providing free digital map information and navigation services through its subsidiary Navteq.
Nokia history
Nokia's history dates back to 1865, when Finnish engineer Knut Fredrik Idestam founded a small paper factory in Tampere, southwest Finland, which was named Nokia Ab in 1871. Subsequently, the rubber products factory Finnish Rubber Works took control of the company. At the same time, it gained control of the cable production factory Finnish Cable Works. As a result of the merger of three companies, one company was created, and in accordance with the then legislation of Finland and legal nuances, it received its name from the smallest one, i.e. Nokia Ab.
After the merger, Nokia Ab was engaged in activities in five areas, such as the production of rubber products, cable products and electronics, wood processing and electrical energy generation. Later, these activities were supplemented by the production of hunting rifles, plastics and chemical materials. In the 1980s of the last century, Nokia took the development and production of radio electronics as its main activity. In those days, this was an extremely promising area of production, however, even then there was serious competition. Nokia has found its niche in the field of radio communications and has reached unprecedented heights in this direction. In the mid-1990s, the company designated a priority area mobile communications, which allowed it to reach 39% of the mobile phone market at the end of 2009.
Nokia logo
Old Nokia logos
The first picture shows the logo of Nokia, which was founded in 1865 and has been used since 1871. The second picture shows the brand logo of the Finnish Rubber Works, which was founded in Helsinki in 1898, as the logo was used in 1965-1966. The third and fourth pictures show more modern Nokia logos. The arrow logo was a precursor to the famous "Connecting People", which later became the company's motto. Nokia introduced its advertising slogan "Connecting People" in 1992. An interesting fact is that it was written in Times Roman SC (Small Caps). The modern Nokia logo has not undergone major changes; it has been used since 2006.
The first Nokia mobile phones
Technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephone communication, were some kind of “0G” and were initially developed as mobile radiotelephone communication networks. Part of the Nokia company has been a manufacturer of commercial and some military mobile radio technologies since 1960, although this part of the company was later sold. In 1966, Nokia and Salora began developing the ARP standard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio telephone from English), which was based on a car equipped with a mobile radio telephone system. This became the first commercial public mobile network in Finland. It started working in 1971 and showed 100% coverage in 1978.
In 1979, as a result of interaction between Nokia and Salora, Mobira was created. Mobira begins developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) standard of the first generation network. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks. Later, in 1984, Nokia bought Salora. The company name becomes Nokia-Mobira. At the same time, Mobira Talkman is launched, one of the first portable phones in the world. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first portable phones, the Mobira Cityman 900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to the NMT-450, offered best quality signal). At that time, the 1982 Mobira Senator weighed 9.8 kg, the Talkman just under 5 kg, the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 grams with battery and had a price of 24,000 Finnish marks (that's about? 4560).
Despite the high price, the first Cell Phones They were practically torn from the sellers with their hands. Of course, the presence of such a phone indicated the high status of the owner. This continued until the end of the 90s of the last century, when even low-income pensioners could afford a mobile phone. Nokia made mobile phones for themselves good advertising in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured with a Mobira Cityman phone calling a minister in Moscow from Helsinki. After this, the phone acquired the popular name “Gorba”. In 1988, Nokia-Mobira CEO Jorma Nieminen, along with two other employees of the mobile phone division, left the company, later founding their own - Benefon. A year later, Nokia-Mobira becomes Nokia Mobile Phones, choosing the development of mobile phones as a priority area of activity.
Nokia's participation in the development of GSM
Nokia is one of the key developers of GSM (Global System Mobile). The second generation of mobile technologies that can transmit data as well as voice traffic. By building NMT networks, Nokia gained valuable experience to participate in the development of GSM, which was adopted in 1987 as the new European standard for digital mobile technologies.
Nokia introduced its first GSM networks to the Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989. The world's first commercial GSM call was made on July 1, 1991 in Helsinki. The first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was launched in 1992. The model number in this case refers to the launch date, November 10th. The Nokia 1011 has not yet used the proprietary Nokia Tune ringtone. It was introduced as the main ringtone in 1994 with the Nokia 2100 series phones.
GSM technology, high quality voice calls, lightweight international roaming and support for new services such as text messaging (SMS) laid the foundations for the global mobile phone boom. GSM networks came to dominate the mobile telephony world in the 1990s, and by mid-2008 accounted for approximately three billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide, with more than 700 mobile operators in 218 countries and territories.
Nokia personal computers and IT equipment
In the 1980s, Nokia produced a series of personal computers called MikroMikko. MikroMikko was Nokia's attempt to enter the computer business. The first model in the line, MikroMikko 1, was released on September 29, 1981. Around the same time as the first IBM computer. However, the personal computer division was later sold to the British ICL (International Computer Limited) in 1991, which later became part of Fujitsu. MikroMikko later became a trademark of ICL and then Fujitsu.
Nokia was also known for producing high quality CRT and early TFT LCD displays for large systems and professional applications. In 2000, this line of business was sold to ViewSonic. In addition to personal computers and displays, Nokia is also involved in the production of DSL modems and digital set-top boxes. On August 24, 2009, Nokia re-entered the PC market with the release of the Nokia Booklet 3G Mini-laptop. The new product received an Intel Atom 1600 MHz processor, 10.1 inch, with a resolution of 1280x720, a widescreen display, 1 gigabyte of RAM and HDD capacity 120 GB.
Modern Nokia mobile phones
In the mid-1990s, as mobile communications began to become ubiquitous around the world, Nokia almost immediately took a leading position in the market. IN this moment she is one of the few who have managed to maintain their name to this day in the fierce competition of the emerging mobile device market. Today, Nokia's line of mobile phones includes about 250 models.
In 2003, Nokia launches its first 3G phone, the Nokia 6650, and the N-Gage series of gaming phones. In 2005, Nokia introduces a new generation multimedia devices called Nokia Nseries. The new word “Smartphones” is still strongly associated with Nokia N series mobile devices. Key Feature All smartphones have serious hardware and an operating system that seriously expands the functionality of the phones. Now phones not only make calls, they also perform a role small computer, on which you can perform operations with documents, files, surf the Internet, and edit music and video. Smartphones are more expensive regular phones However, they are quickly gaining popularity. In 2007, Nokia was recognized as the fifth most valuable brand in the world.
Alliance of Nokia and Microsoft
On February 11, 2011, Nokia Corporation CEO Stephen Elop introduced a new strategic alliance with Microsoft Corporation and announced its intention to replace Symbian with Windows Phone 7. However, Nokia wishes to retain Symbian for use in mid-range and budget models mobile devices. It will also invest in the Series 40 platform and continue its joint project with Intel - MeeGo OS in 2011.
As part of its restructuring plan, Nokia plans to cut research and development costs and refocus its efforts on expanding and customizing software for Windows Phone 7. The Ovi app store will be integrated into the Microsoft Marketplace. Following the announcement of the alliance, Nokia's share prices fell 14%, the biggest drop since July 2009. Since Nokia is the largest mobile phone manufacturer in the entire world, this alliance will make the OS Windows Microsoft Phone 7 is an even stronger rival to Android and iOS.
We welcome you again, our dear readers, who are so partial to the latest in the diverse world of modern gadgets.
But today I want to talk not only about a new product, but about the revival of the world-famous Nokia brand, also about who bought the Nokia company and what new products we should expect under such a sonorous name.
"Good old" Nokia
Many of those present here remember these mobile phones very well. Even at the dawn of the mass globalization of mobile communications, we with trepidation picked up miniature and not very new Nokia mobile phones and listened to assurances from sellers about their exceptional practicality and quality, about the amazing “survivability” of the battery.
And what was the unique and extremely pleasant polyphony of those Nokias worth then - literally the “singing of a nightingale” among the sound of phones from other manufacturers.
But on this nostalgic note, it’s worth waking up from memories of the past and moving directly to the reason for which we have gathered here today.
Yes, Nokia is back with us, updated and modern, and as a sign of her past achievements in the world of mobile communications, she is worthy of an extensive consideration of her rich history with a happy... no, not an end, but a continuation.
From the history of the mobile brand
As you know, Nokia was originally a Finnish company, and until 2011 it had the largest share in the world of push-button mobile phones.
But the company began much earlier. In 1865, engineer Frederik Idestam founded a small paper mill in Tampere, in southwestern Finland. The company became known as Nokia Ab six years later, after the name of the town of Nokia on the river of the same name. They say that once upon a time there were places especially favored by black sables (nokia in Finnish).
Over the more than century-long history of its existence, the company has transformed its business, producing at the same time rubber products, cables, PCs, televisions, household appliances, communications and military equipment, shoes and much more. The company began actively producing electronics and entering this industry completely in the 80s of the last century.
Until recently, a strong company, Nokia began to lose its influence only a few years ago, since push-button phones began to become a thing of the past, and smartphones literally captured the market and all our attention.
Even such a large old familiar company, which for so long pleased us with the most reliable mobile phones, has become difficult to compete with ultra-modern touchscreen models with all sorts of bells and whistles. And just as the dinosaurs became extinct in their time, the good Nokia ran the risk of sinking into oblivion.
At some point, from 2011 to 2014, the company stubbornly climbed “up the mountain” and its new offer began at the operating Windows system Phone. But the situation was not saved - the new OS was not in great demand, because, despite the user-friendly interface and pleasant stylish appearance, it could not compare with the ease of “flight” different versions.
In 2014, the heads of the company sold the mobile phone segment to Microsoft. But at the end of 2016, the brand received its revival, because part of the rights to it were purchased from the giant corporation of its “home” by the Finnish company HMD Global together with Nokia.
And this year we were presented with innovative approaches to the vision of modern push-button phones and smartphones on Android that caused great excitement: Nokia under serial numbers 3, 5, 6 and 8.
New Nokia 8
The flagship smartphone Nokia 8 was presented on August 16 in London, and it reached our consumers in September and received absolutely positive reviews on Yandex Market.
The body of the new smartphone is machined from cast aircraft aluminum. Literally “magical” in performance, the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 chipset ensures perfectly fast system operation. And the functions of very fast battery charging and protection against overheating of the smartphone make it very convenient and durable.
Everything is good here: wonderful ZEISS optics, a 13 MP front camera, and Dual-Sight technology with two-way broadcasting from both cameras.
AliExpress today offers stylish Nokia in 8 different shades: indigo, copper and steel in glossy and matte finishes.
Future smartphones - what makes them special
Nokia 9 is literally awaited after the success of the previous flagship. HMD Global will soon offer us a cool water-resistant smartphone with a fashionable frameless display and a pair of cameras, equipped powerful processor Snapdragon 835.
Nokia 2 will be, according to the creators, the company’s most affordable smartphone for any wallet. It will combine the stylish simplicity of modernity and functionality: an excellent battery, a small screen, but two cameras, Snapdragon processor 212 and 16GB memory, as well as the “fresh” Android 7.0 Nougat in the system.
Well then, dear friends. Now you know how the history of the incomparable brand of Nokia mobile phones developed and continued, who owns it now and what it is called.
And if you are always interested in news about new electronics products, then we are always happy to meet you in our groups on VK, Facebook, Twitter and channel on YouTube. Come in yourself and invite your friends. An interesting and useful pastime awaits you with us.
There was a site with you
Until recently, Nokia smartphones were among the market leaders. Nowadays, gadgets from other companies have supplanted them, but simple dial phones from this brand remain popular. Who is the country of origin of Nokia and why is this trend observed today?
Where did it all start?
Nokia's history began in 1865, when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam founded a plant for processing shredded wood pulp in the city of Tampere, in southwestern Finland (which was part of the Russian Empire). In 1868, he built a second mill near the city of Nokia, which had better hydroelectric resources. In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend and statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and turned his company into a joint stock company, thereby creating Nokia Ab.
By the end of the 19th century, Mechelin sought to expand its business in the electricity sector. In 1896, he became chairman of the company (he remained in this position from 1898 to 1914) and added electricity production to its core business.
In the late 1910s, shortly after World War I, Nokia was approaching bankruptcy. As a result, it was bought by Suomen Gummitehdas, which owned a large rubber products plant located nearby. It was important event in the history of the corporation. Even today you can hear the question about which country produces Nokia tires. In 1922, the same company acquired the Suomen Kaapelitehdas plant, which produced telephone, telegraph and electrical cables, as well as installed such communications.
At that time, the three companies - Nokia Ab, Suomen Gummitehdas, Suomen Kaapelitehdas - did not officially merge, since the law did not allow this, but the management continued to create a successful conglomerate. The country of origin of Nokia did not actually change, and in 1967 all three companies were officially merged into a new industrial conglomerate, Nokia Corporation.
The new company was involved in many industries, producing at various times paper products, car and bicycle tires, footwear (including rubber boots), cables, televisions and other consumer electronics. personal computers, power generation machines, robotics and much more. Each division had its own director, who reported to the first president of Nokia Corporation, Bjorn Westerlund. He was also responsible for the creation of the company's first electronics department in 1960, launching rapid development in the field of telecommunications.
How did events develop further?
Finland gradually became known as the manufacturing country of the Nokia phone. The electronics section of the cable department was founded in 1960, and the production of the first electronic devices started in 1962. The first product was a pulse analyzer intended for use in nuclear power plants. After 1967, this department was registered as a special division where the production of telecommunication equipment was started.
In the 1970s, Nokia became more active in this industry, starting to produce the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. It became the basis for the functioning of network equipment. Its architecture allowed the subsequent development of various switching products. In 1984, development of data exchange for the Nordic Mobile Telephony network began.
In the 1970s, the company was divided into government and commercial organizations. In 1987, the government sold its shares to Nokia, and in 1992 the company's name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications. From that moment on, Finland went down in history as the country that produced the Nokia phone.
Pre-cellular systems
The technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephony systems were various pre-cellular mobile radiotelephony standards. Since the 1960s, Nokia has produced commercial and some military mobile radio technologies.
In 1964, Nokia developed a VHF radio at the same time as Salora Oy. In 1966, Nokia and Salora began developing the ARP (Automobile Radiotelephone System) standard and the first commercial public mobile phone network in Finland. Thus, the Nokia company (manufacturing country - Finland) became the pioneer of a new generation of communications.
Participation in NMT (1G)
In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora led to the creation of Mobira Oy, which began developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) 1G network standard. This is how the world's first fully automatic cellular phone appeared in Finland. telephone system, which went online in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the NMT-450.
Nokia bought all the shares of Salora Oy in 1984 and changed the name of the telecommunications business to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, released in 1984, was one of the world's first mobile phones.
In 1987, Nokia introduced its first mobile phone, the Mobira Cityman 900, designed for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to the NMT-450, offered a better signal but shorter range). This device weighed only 800 grams including battery and had a price of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately 7,300 euros in modern equivalent). Despite the high price, the first phones were almost snatched from the hands of sellers. Initially, the mobile phone was a VIP product and a status symbol. At that time, the question of which country produced Nokia did not even arise. Everything was produced only in Finland.
Participation in GSM (2G)
Nokia was then the key developer of the GSM (2G) system, which could carry data as well as voice traffic. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) is the world's first mobile telephony standard for international roaming, which was introduced by the country of origin of Nokia in 1987 as a new European standard in this domain.
Nokia then handed over its first GSM network to Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989. The world's first commercial GSM call was made on July 1, 1991 in Helsinki, via a network supplied by Nokia, by then Finnish Prime Minister Harri Holkeri.
In 1992, the first GSM phone, Nokia 1011, was released onto the market. This model number refers to the release date of November 10. Nokia 1011 has not yet used the company's signature ringtone. Nokia's signature ringtone was introduced as a ringtone option in 1994 in the Nokia 2100 model.
High-quality GSM voice calls, easy international roaming and support for services such as text messaging (SMS) have laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone usage. GSM came to dominate mobile telephony in the 1990s, and by mid-2008 there were approximately three billion subscribers, with more than 700 cellular operators in 218 countries and territories.
Further development
The company released Nokia 3310 in 2000. This phone became one of the most popular devices at that time. The manufacturing country of Nokia 3310 was only Finland.
This record was soon broken by the Nokia 1100, released in 2003. In total, more than 200 million copies were sold. This model is the best-selling mobile phone in the world in the entire history of the existence of such devices. The appearance of this phone contributed to the growth of the company's popularity in emerging markets.
Nokia developers were among the first to recognize the possibility of combining a gaming console and a mobile phone, implementing this in N-Gage. It was a phone for gamers that cost twice as much as a standard device.
The device ran on Series 40, a platform used primarily for Java applications. At that time it was the most popular in the world software for mobile phones. Nokia then acquired Smarterphone, a company that makes Smarterphone OS for low-cost phones, and combined that operating system with the Series 40 to create the Asha platform.
Asha 501 was the first phone to run the new OS. Series 40 devices were discontinued at the end of 2014.
Symbian OS
Symbian was Nokia's main operating system for smartphones until 2011. Popular devices based on this platform include the following:
- 7650 - the first smartphone based on S60;
- Nokia N-Gage is the first gaming-oriented smartphone;
- 6600 - the first Symbian smartphone with an original design (about a million copies were sold);
- 7610 - the first device with a megapixel camera;
- N90 is the first camera-centric mobile phone;
- N95 is a popular slider;
- N82 with xenon flash;
- E71, offering a full qwerty keyboard and premium build;
- 5800 XpressMusic - the first full-featured smartphone;
- N97 is a phone with a full-contact screen and a side QWERTY keyboard;
- X6 is the first gadget with a capacitive touch screen;
- N8 is a device with a newer 12 megapixel camera and Symbian^3.
Nokia 808 PureView was also released, which featured a record 41-megapixel camera.
Linux devices
Nokia's first Linux devices were the Nokia and N900 internet tablets, which ran Debian-based Maemo. The Maemo project later merged with Intel Moblin to create MeeGo. The N9 smartphone was released before further development devices has changed in favor of Windows Phone.
The Nokia X family of devices running Android was Nokia's last independent entry into the market on a Linux-based platform. Subsequently, Nokia 8 was released, the country of origin of which remained the same, but it was a joint project of several companies. Then phones with serial numbers 6, 5, 3 and so on appeared in this line.
Reorganizations
As can be seen from the above, the country of origin of Nokia is Finland, from the first day of production. However, the company developed further, opening its branches around the world.
So, on May 5, 2000, Nokia opened its mobile phone factory in Hungary. In April 2003, problems arose related to the division of network equipment. This forced the corporation to resort to various optimization methods, including layoffs and organizational restructuring. Such measures significantly damaged Nokia's reputation in Finland.
In March 2007, a new manufacturing country for Nokia emerged - the company signed a memorandum with the Cluj County Council in Romania to open a plant near the city of Jucu. The relocation of production from Germany to a low-wage country caused a great stir. Around the same time, Nokia moved some of its headquarters to the United States. In 2008, the company entered the mobile phone market in Japan.
In February 2012, the company announced 4,000 layoffs as production moved from Europe and Mexico to Asia. This is how additional countries producing Nokia smartphones appeared.
Losing smartphone market share
Apple's iPhone, originally released in 2007, initially faced intense competition from popular smartphones Nokia, especially with the N95. Symbian OS had a dominant (62.5%) market share.
However, with the release of the iPhone 3G in 2008, Apple's market share doubled by the end of the year, and iPhone OS (now known as iOS) overtook Windows Mobile. Despite the fact that Nokia retained 40.8% of the market, the popularity of the devices decreased noticeably.
The N96, released in late 2008, was much less successful, and the 5800 XpressMusic smartphone was considered the main iPhone competitor 3G. However, the success of the business-oriented Nokia E71 was not enough to stop the decline in market share. On June 24, 2008, Nokia bought the operating Symbian system, and a year later she opened the source code.
In early 2009, Nokia released the N97, a touchscreen device with a landscape QWERTY keyboard aimed at social networking. It was a commercial success despite mixed reviews. The N97's main competitor was the iPhone 3GS. 2009 also saw the release of several devices that received positive response (including the Nokia E52). However, Symbian's market share declined from 52.4% in the fourth quarter of 2008 to 46.1% in 2009. Thus, the RIM platform (later Blackberry) increased its market share during this period from 16.6% to 19.9%, and Apple - from 8.2% to 14.4%. The Android niche then grew to 3.9%.
Difficult period until 2011
Competitive pressure on Nokia increased sharply in 2010 as Android and iOS continued to evolve. Other Symbian device manufacturers, including Samsung Electronics and Sony Ericsson, began producing Android-based gadgets, and by mid-2010 Nokia became the only OEM outside Japan. The company replaced S60 with Symbian^3, but still did not become popular.
By the fourth quarter of 2010, Symbian's market share had dropped to 32%, while the Android niche had grown to 30%. Despite these losses, production remained profitable and smartphone sales increased every quarter throughout 2010. Many developing countries in Asia remained the producing countries of Nokia.
In February 2010, Nokia and Intel announced MeeGo, combining their Linux-based Maemo and Moblin projects. The joint activity was aimed at creating a unified mobile operating system for a wide range of devices, including tablets and smartphones. In particular, Nokia planned to use MeeGo as a successor to Symbian on its future phones. However, only the Nokia N9 was released.
Partnership with Microsoft
In February 2011, representatives from Nokia and Microsoft jointly announced a major business partnership between the two companies. Its essence was to use Windows Phone as the main platform for Nokia smartphones, replacing Symbian and MeeGo. The collaboration also included the use of Bing as search engine on Nokia devices, as well as the integration of Nokia Maps into Microsoft’s own mapping services.
The company announced that only one device running on the MeeGo platform will be released in 2011. On October 26, 2011, Nokia introduced its first devices based on Windows Phone 7 - the Lumia 710 and Lumia 800 line. After this announcement, the company's share price fell by about 14%. Sales Nokia smartphones, which had previously increased, collapsed.
From the beginning of 2011 to 2013, Nokia's ranking in device sales fell from first to tenth place. In this regard, the corporation reported a loss of 368 million euros for the second quarter of 2011, while in the same period in 2010 it made a profit of 227 million.
In September 2011, Nokia announced that it would cut a further 3,500 jobs worldwide, including the closure of its factory in Romania.
Since Nokia was the largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smartphones worldwide, it was assumed that using Windows Phone will help you regain your former influence. However, the company was unable to compete with the rapidly growing Apple. In 2012, there were a number of layoffs and reductions, and there were much fewer Nokia manufacturing countries. In addition, the company closed production and research sites in Finland, Germany and Canada due to continued losses, and the share price fell to low level since 1996.
Further collaboration
Nokia's CEO admitted that the company's failure to anticipate rapid changes in the mobile phone industry was one of the main reasons for the problems. In May 2013, Nokia released the Asha platform for inexpensive smartphones. That same month, the company announced its partnership with the world's largest mobile operator China Mobile, resulting in the release of the Lumia 920 and Lumia 920T - an exclusive Chinese variant.
Microsoft subsequently acquired the Asha, X and Lumia brands, but received only a limited license for the Nokia brand (until December 2015). Subsequently, smartphones of this line were released under the Microsoft brand. So, the country of origin " Nokia Lumia"became the USA.
On November 17, 2014, Nokia representatives made a statement that the company plans to re-enter the consumer electronics business by licensing its own hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. The next day, Nokia introduced the N1 tablet, made in Android based from Foxconn as its first product after being sold to Microsoft.
On April 14, 2015, the corporation confirmed that it was in negotiations with the French company Alcatel-Lucent regarding a possible merger. The next day, Nokia officially announced that it had agreed to buy Alcatel-Lucent for 15.6 billion euros. The acquisition was aimed at creating a stronger competitor to Ericsson and Huawei, which the combined companies surpassed in total revenue in 2014.
Supporting the initiative, Nokia's CEO said the merger will provide greater opportunities for the upcoming 5G development. The merger with Alcatel was officially formalized on January 14, 2016.
New Finnish models up to Nokia 3
The country of origin of devices of this brand may also be located in Asia at present. However, during numerous reorganizations, production returned to Finland.
On May 18, 2016, it was reported that Microsoft had sold Nokia's proprietary division, FIH Mobile, to Foxconn and a new company, HMD, in Finland. They are expected to work together to create Nokia devices. Nokia will provide the brand and patent licensing to HMD and will take a seat on the company's board of directors.
In January 2017, Nokia 6 was released - the first jointly developed Android smartphone. The manufacturing country of Nokia 6 was Finland. Soon more phones appeared, labeled as 5, 3 and 6 art. Production of these the latest models is based there, and the country of origin of Nokia 5 is obvious.
Loading...
