Many PC owners encounter various errors and malfunctions in their computer, but cannot determine the cause of the problem. In this article, we will look at the main methods for diagnosing a computer, allowing you to independently identify and fix various problems.
Keep in mind that high-quality diagnostics of a computer can take the whole day; set aside a day in the morning specifically for this, and do not start everything in the late afternoon.
I warn you that I will write in detail as for beginners who have never disassembled a computer, in order to warn about all possible nuances that can lead to problems.
1. Disassembling and cleaning the computer
When disassembling and cleaning your computer, do not rush, do everything carefully so as not to damage anything. Place components in a pre-prepared safe place.
It is not advisable to start diagnostics before cleaning, since you will not be able to identify the cause of the malfunction if it is caused by clogged contacts or the cooling system. Additionally, diagnostics may fail to complete due to repeated failures.
Unplug the system unit from the outlet at least 15 minutes before cleaning so that the capacitors have time to discharge.
Perform disassembly in the following sequence:
- Disconnect all wires from the system unit.
- Remove both side covers.
- Disconnect the power connectors from the video card and remove it.
- Remove all memory sticks.
- Disconnect and remove cables from all drives.
- Unscrew and remove all discs.
- Disconnect all power supply cables.
- Unscrew and remove the power supply.
There is no need to remove the motherboard, processor cooler, or case fans; you can also leave the DVD drive if it works normally.
Carefully blow off the system unit and all components separately with a powerful stream of air from a vacuum cleaner without a dust bag.
Carefully remove the cover from the power supply and blow it out without touching the electrical parts and the board with your hands or metal parts, as there may be voltage in the capacitors!
If your vacuum cleaner does not work on blowing, but only on blowing, then it will be a little more difficult. Clean it well so that it pulls as hard as possible. When cleaning, it is recommended to use a soft bristled brush.
You can also use a soft brush to remove stubborn dust.
Thoroughly clean the processor cooler heatsink, having first examined where and how much it is clogged with dust, as this is one of the common causes of processor overheating and PC crashes.
Also make sure that the cooler mount is not broken, the clamp is not opened and the radiator is securely pressed to the processor.
Be careful when cleaning fans, do not let them spin too much and do not bring the vacuum cleaner attachment close if it does not have a brush, so as not to knock off the blade.
After cleaning, do not rush to put everything back together, but move on to the next steps.
2. Checking the motherboard battery
The first thing after cleaning, so as not to forget later, I check the battery charge on the motherboard, and at the same time reset the BIOS. In order to pull it out, you need to press the latch with a flat screwdriver in the direction indicated in the photo and it will pop out on its own.
After this, you need to measure its voltage with a multimeter, optimally if it is within 2.5-3 V. The initial battery voltage is 3 V.
If the battery voltage is below 2.5 V, then it is advisable to change it. The voltage of 2 V is critically low and the PC is already starting to fail, which manifests itself in resetting the BIOS settings and stopping at the beginning of the PC boot with a prompt to press F1 or some other key to continue booting.
If you don’t have a multimeter, you can take the battery with you to the store and ask them to check it there, or just buy a replacement battery in advance, it’s standard and very inexpensive.
A clear sign of a dead battery is the date and time on the computer constantly disappearing.
The battery needs to be changed in a timely manner, but if you don’t have a replacement on hand right now, then simply do not disconnect the system unit from the power supply until you change the battery. In this case, the settings should not be lost, but problems may still arise, so do not delay.
Checking the battery good time for complete reset BIOS. This resets not only the BIOS settings, which can be done through the Setup menu, but also the so-called volatile CMOS memory, which stores the parameters of all devices (processor, memory, video card, etc.).
Errors inCMOSoften cause the following problems:
- computer won't turn on
- turns on every other time
- turns on and nothing happens
- turns on and off by itself
I remind you that before resetting the BIOS, the system unit must be unplugged from the outlet, otherwise the CMOS will be powered by the power supply and nothing will work.
To reset the BIOS, use a screwdriver or other metal object to close the contacts in the battery connector for 10 seconds; this is usually enough to discharge the capacitors and complete cleaning CMOS.
A sign that a reset has occurred will be an erroneous date and time, which will need to be set in the BIOS the next time you boot the computer.
4. Visual inspection of components
Carefully inspect all capacitors on the motherboard for swelling or leaks, especially in the processor socket area.
Sometimes capacitors swell down instead of up, causing them to tilt as if they were just slightly bent or unevenly soldered.
If any capacitors are swollen, then you need to send the motherboard for repair as soon as possible and ask to resolder all the capacitors, including those located next to the swollen ones.
Also inspect the capacitors and other elements of the power supply; there should be no swelling, drips, or signs of burning.
Inspect the disc contacts for oxidation.
They can be cleaned with an eraser and after that be sure to replace the cable or power adapter that was used to connect this disk, since it is already damaged and most likely caused oxidation.
In general, check all the cables and connectors so that they are clean, have shiny contacts, and are tightly connected to the drives and motherboard. All cables that do not meet these requirements must be replaced.
Check that the wires from the front panel of the case to the motherboard are connected correctly.
It is important that the polarity be observed (plus to plus, minus to minus), since there is a common ground on the front panel and failure to observe the polarity will lead to a short circuit, which is why the computer may behave inappropriately (turn on every other time, turn off itself or reboot) .
Where the plus and minus in the front panel contacts is indicated on the board itself, in the paper manual for it and in electronic version manuals on the manufacturer's website. The contacts of the wires from the front panel also indicate where the plus and minus are. Typically the white wire is the negative wire, and the positive connector may be indicated by a triangle on the plastic connector.
Many even experienced assemblers make a mistake here, so check.
5. Checking the power supply
If the computer did not turn on at all before cleaning, then do not rush to assemble it; first of all, you need to check the power supply. However, in any case, it won’t hurt to check the power supply; maybe it’s because of it that the computer is crashing.
Check the power supply fully assembled to avoid electric shock, short circuit, or accidental fan failure.
To check the power supply, short the only green wire in the connector motherboard with any black. This will signal to the power supply that it is connected to the motherboard, otherwise it will not turn on.
Then plug the power supply into the surge protector and press the button on it. Don't forget that the power supply itself may also have an on/off button.
A spinning fan should be a sign that the power supply is turned on. If the fan does not spin, it may be faulty and needs to be replaced.
In some silent power supplies, the fan may not start spinning immediately, but only under load; this is normal and can be checked while operating the PC.
Use a multimeter to measure the voltage between the contacts in the connectors for peripheral devices.
They should be approximately in the following range.
- 12 V (yellow-black) – 11.7-12.5 V
- 5 V (red-black) – 4.7-5.3 V
- 3.3 V (orange-black) – 3.1-3.5 V
If any voltage is missing or greatly exceeds the specified limits, then the power supply is faulty. It is best to replace it with a new one, but if the computer itself is inexpensive, then repairs are allowed; power supplies can be done easily and inexpensively.
The startup of the power supply and normal voltages is a good sign, but in itself does not mean that the power supply is good, since failures can occur due to voltage drops or ripples under load. But this is already determined at subsequent stages of testing.
6. Checking power contacts
Be sure to check all electrical contacts from the outlet to the system unit. The socket must be modern (suitable for a European plug), reliable and not loose, with clean elastic contacts. The same requirements apply to the surge protector and the cable from the computer's power supply.
Contact must be reliable, plugs and connectors must not dangle, spark, or be oxidized. Pay close attention to this, since poor contact is often the cause of failure of the system unit, monitor and other peripheral devices.
If you suspect the quality of the socket, surge protector, power cable of the system unit or monitor, then change them as quickly as possible to avoid computer failure. Do not delay or save on this, as repairing a PC or monitor will cost much more.
Also, poor contact is often the cause of PC malfunctions, which are accompanied by a sudden shutdown or reboot with subsequent failures on the hard drive and, as a result, disruption of the operating system.
Failures can also occur due to voltage drops or ripples in the 220 V network, especially in the private sector and remote areas of the city. In this case, failures may occur even when the computer is idle. Try measuring the voltage in the outlet immediately after the computer spontaneously turns off or restarts and watch the readings for a while. This way you can identify long-term drawdowns, from which a linear-interactive UPS with a stabilizer will save you.
7. Assembling and turning on the computer
After cleaning and inspecting the PC, carefully reassemble it and carefully check that you have connected everything you need. If the computer refused to turn on before cleaning or turned on only once, then it is advisable to connect the components one by one. If there were no such problems, then skip the next section.
7.1. Step-by-step PC assembly
First, connect the motherboard power connector and the processor power connector to the motherboard with the processor. Do not insert RAM, video card or connect disks.
Turn on the power of the PC and if motherboard everything is fine, the processor cooler fan should spin up. Also, if a beeper is connected to the motherboard, it usually sounds sound code, indicating a lack of RAM.
Memory installation
Turn off the computer with a short or (if that doesn’t work) long press of the power button. system unit and insert one stick of RAM into the colored slot closest to the processor. If all the slots are the same color, then just go to the one closest to the processor.
Make sure that the memory stick is inserted evenly until it stops and that the latches snap into place, otherwise it may be damaged when you turn on the PC.
If the computer starts up with one stick of memory and there is a beeping sound, then a code usually sounds indicating that there is no video card (if there is no integrated graphics). If the beep code indicates problems with the RAM, then try inserting another stick in the same place. If the problem continues or there is no other bracket, then move the bracket to another nearby slot. If there are no sounds, then everything is probably fine, continue further.
Turn off the computer and insert the second memory stick into the slot of the same color. If the motherboard has 4 slots of the same color, then follow the instructions for the motherboard so that the memory is in the slots recommended for dual-channel mode. Then turn it on again and check whether the PC turns on and what sound signals it makes.
If you have 3 or 4 memory sticks, then simply insert them one by one, turning the PC off and on each time. If the computer does not start with a certain stick or produces a memory error code, then this stick is faulty. You can also check the motherboard slots by moving the working strip into different slots.
Some motherboards have a red indicator that lights up in case of memory problems, and sometimes segment indicator with an error code, the explanation of which is in the manual for the motherboard.
If the computer starts, then further memory testing occurs at another stage.
Installing a video card
It's time to test the video card by inserting it into the top PCI-E slot x16 (or AGP for older PCs). Don't forget to connect additional power to the video card with the appropriate connectors.
With a video card, the computer should start normally, without sound signals, or with a single sound signal, indicating the normal completion of the self-test.
If the PC does not turn on or emits a video card error code, it means it is faulty. high probability faulty. But don't rush to conclusions, sometimes you just need to connect a monitor and keyboard.
Connecting a monitor
Turn off the PC and connect the monitor to the video card (or motherboard if there is no video card). Make sure that the connector to the video card and monitor is connected tightly; sometimes tight connectors do not go in all the way, which is the reason for the absence of an image on the screen.
Turn on the monitor and make sure that the correct signal source is selected on it (the connector to which the PC is connected, if there are several of them).
Turn on the computer and a graphical splash screen and text messages from the motherboard should appear on the screen. Usually this is a prompt to enter the BIOS using the F1 key, a message about the absence of a keyboard or boot devices, this is normal.
If the computer silently turns on, but there is nothing on the screen, there is most likely something wrong with the video card or monitor. The video card can only be checked by moving it to a working computer. The monitor can be connected to another work PC or device (laptop, player, tuner, etc.). Don't forget to select the desired signal source in the monitor settings.
Connecting a keyboard and mouse
If everything is fine with the video card and monitor, then move on. Connect the keyboard first, then the mouse, one at a time, turning the PC off and on each time. If the computer freezes after connecting a keyboard or mouse, it means they need to be replaced - it happens!
Connecting drives
If the computer starts with a keyboard and mouse, then we begin to connect one by one hard disks. First, connect the second drive without the operating system (if you have one).
Do not forget that in addition to connecting the interface cable to the motherboard, you also need to connect the connector from the power supply to the drive.
Then turn on the computer and if it comes to BIOS messages, then everything is fine. If the PC does not turn on, freezes or turns itself off, then the controller of this disk is faulty and needs to be replaced or repaired to save the data.
Turn off the computer and connect the DVD drive (if any) with an interface cable and power supply. If problems arise after this, then the drive has a power failure and needs to be replaced; repairing it usually makes no sense.
At the end we connect the main system disk and getting ready to enter the BIOS for initial setup before starting the operating system. We turn on the computer and if everything is fine, move on to the next step.
When you turn on your computer for the first time, go to the BIOS. Typically used for this Delete key, less often others (F1, F2, F10 or Esc), which is indicated in the prompts at the beginning of the boot.
On the first tab, set the date and time, and on the “Boot” tab, select your first boot device HDD with the operating system.
On older motherboards with a classic BIOS it may look like this.
On more modern ones with a UEFI graphical shell it is a little different, but the meaning is the same.
To exit the BIOS and save the settings, press F10. Don't be distracted and watch the operating system load completely to notice possible problems.
After the PC has finished booting, check whether the fans of the processor cooler, power supply and video card are working, otherwise there is no point in further testing.
Some modern video cards may not turn on the fans until a certain temperature of the video chip is reached.
If any of the case fans does not work, then it’s not a big deal, just plan to replace it in the near future, don’t be distracted by it now.
8. Error analysis
This is where diagnostics essentially begin, and everything described above was just preparation, after which many problems could go away and without it there was no point in starting testing.
8.1. Enabling Memory Dumps
If blue screens of death (BSOD) appear while your computer is running, this can make troubleshooting much easier. A prerequisite for this is the presence of memory dumps (or at least self-written error codes).
To check or enable the dump recording function, press the “Win + R” key combination on your keyboard, enter “sysdm.cpl” in the line that appears and press OK or Enter.
In the window that appears, go to the “Advanced” tab and in the “Boot and Recovery” section, click the “Options” button.
The “Record debugging information” field should be “Small memory dump”.
If so, then you should already have dumps of previous errors in the "C:\Windows\Minidump" folder.
If this option was not enabled, then dumps were not saved, enable it at least now to be able to analyze errors if they recur.
Memory dumps may not be created in time during serious failures that involve rebooting or shutting down the PC. Also, some system cleaning utilities and antivirus programs can remove them; you must disable the system cleaning function during diagnostics.
If there are dumps in the specified folder, then we proceed to their analysis.
8.2. Memory dump analysis
To analyze memory dumps in order to identify what leads to failures, there is a wonderful utility “BlueScreenView”, which you can download along with other diagnostic utilities in the “” section.
This utility shows the files in which the failure occurred. These files belong to the operating system, device drivers, or some program. Accordingly, based on the file’s ownership, you can determine which device or software caused the failure.
If you cannot boot your computer in normal mode, then try booting into safe mode by holding down the “F8” key immediately after the motherboard’s graphical splash screen disappears or text messages BIOS.
Go through the dumps and see which files appear most often as the culprits of the failure, they are highlighted in red. Right-click on one of these files and view its Properties.
In our case, it is easy to determine that the file belongs to the nVidia video card driver and most of the errors were caused by it.
In addition, some dumps contained the “dxgkrnl.sys” file, even from the name of which it is clear that it refers to DirectX, which is directly related to 3D graphics. This means that it is most likely that the video card is to blame for the failure, which should be subjected to thorough testing, which we will also consider.
In the same way, you can determine that the fault is caused by a sound card, network card, hard drive, or some program that penetrates deeply into the system, such as an antivirus. For example, if a disk fails, the controller driver will crash.
If you cannot determine which driver or program a particular file belongs to, then look for this information on the Internet by the file name.
If failures occur in the driver sound card, then most likely it has failed. If it is integrated, then you can disable it through the BIOS and install another discrete one. The same can be said about the network card. However, network failures can be caused, which is often resolved by updating the driver network card and connecting to the Internet via a router.
In any case, do not make hasty conclusions until the diagnostics are completely completed; maybe your Windows is simply faulty or a virus has entered, which can be solved by reinstalling the system.
Also in the BlueScreenView utility you can see the error codes and inscriptions that were on the blue screen. To do this, go to the “Options” menu and select the view “ Blue Screen in XP Style" or press the "F8" key.
After that, switching between errors, you will see how they looked on the blue screen.
You can also find by error code possible reason problems on the Internet, but depending on the ownership of the files, this is easier and more reliable. To return to the previous view, you can use the “F6” key.
If errors always appear different files And various codes errors, then this is a sign possible problems with RAM in which everything crashes. We will diagnose it first.
9. Testing RAM
Even if you think that the problem is not in the RAM, still check it first. Sometimes a place has several problems, and if the RAM fails, then diagnosing everything else is quite difficult due to frequent PC failures.
Carrying out a memory test with boot disk is prerequisite, so as to obtain accurate results in the operating room Windows system It’s difficult on a faulty PC.
In addition, “Hiren’s BootCD” contains several alternative memory tests in case “Memtest 86+” does not start and many more useful utilities for test hard drives, video memory, etc.
You can download the “Hiren’s BootCD” image in the same place as everything else – in the “” section. If you do not know how to properly burn such an image to CD or DVD disc, refer to the article where we looked at, here everything is done exactly the same.
Set BIOS to boot from DVD drive or use " Boot Menu"as described in, boot from Hiren's BootCD and run Memtest 86+.
Testing can last from 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the speed and amount of RAM. One full pass must be completed and the test will go around the second round. If everything is fine with the memory, then after the first pass (Pass 1) there should be no errors (Errors 0).
After this, testing can be interrupted using the “Esc” key and the computer will reboot.
If there were errors, you will have to test each strip separately, removing all the others to determine which one is broken.
If the broken bar is still under warranty, then take a photo from the screen using a camera or smartphone and present it to the warranty department of the store or service center(although in most cases this is not necessary).
In any case, it is not advisable to use a PC with broken memory and carry out further diagnostics before replacing it, since various incomprehensible errors will appear.
10. Preparation for component tests
Everything else, except RAM, is tested under Windows. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of the operating system on the test results, it is advisable to do, if necessary, temporarily and the most.
If this is difficult for you or you don’t have time, then you can try testing on an old system. But, if failures occur due to problems in the operating system, some driver, program, virus, antivirus (i.e. in the software part), then testing the hardware will not help determine this and you may go down the wrong path. And on a clean system, you will have the opportunity to see how the computer behaves and completely eliminate the influence of the software component.
Personally, I always do everything as expected from start to finish as described in this article. Yes, it takes a whole day, but if you ignore my advice, you can struggle for weeks without identifying the cause of the problem.
The fastest and easiest way is to test the processor, unless of course there are obvious signs that the problem is in the video card, which we will discuss below.
If your computer starts to slow down some time after turning it on, freezes when watching videos or playing games, suddenly reboots or turns off under load, then there is a possibility of the processor overheating. In fact, this is one of the most common causes of such problems.
At the cleaning and visual inspection stage, you should have made sure that the processor cooler is not clogged with dust, its fan is spinning, and the radiator is securely pressed against the processor. I also hope that you did not remove it when cleaning, as this requires replacing the thermal paste, which I will talk about later.
We will use “CPU-Z” for a stress test with warming up the processor, and “HWiNFO” to monitor its temperature. Although, it is better to use the proprietary motherboard utility for temperature monitoring, it is more accurate. For example, ASUS has “PC Probe”.
To begin with, it would be a good idea to find out the maximum allowable thermal envelope of your processor (T CASE). For example, for my Core i7-6700K it is 64 °C.
You can find out by going to the manufacturer’s website from an Internet search. This is the critical temperature in the heat spreader (under the processor cover), the maximum allowed by the manufacturer. Do not confuse this with core temperature, which is usually higher and is also displayed in some utilities. Therefore, we will focus not on the temperature of the cores according to the processor sensors, but on the overall temperature of the processor according to the readings of the motherboard.
In practice, for most older processors, the critical temperature above which failures begin is 60 °C. The most modern processors can operate at 70 °C, which is also critical for them. You can find out the actual stable temperature of your processor from tests on the Internet.
So, we launch both utilities – “CPU-Z” and “HWiNFO”, find the processor temperature sensor (CPU) in the motherboard indicators, run the test in “CPU-Z” with the “Stress CPU” button and observe the temperature.
If after 10-15 minutes of the test the temperature is 2-3 degrees below the critical temperature for your processor, then there is nothing to worry about. But, if there were failures under high load, then it is better to run this test for 30-60 minutes. If your PC freezes or reboots during testing, you should consider improving cooling.
Please note that a lot also depends on the temperature in the room; it is possible that in cooler conditions the problem will not appear, but in hotter conditions it will immediately make itself felt. So you always need cooling with a reserve.
If your CPU is overheating, check if your cooler is compatible. If not, then you need to change it; no tricks will help here. If the cooler is powerful enough, but can’t handle it a little, then you should change the thermal paste to a more effective one; at the same time, the cooler itself may be installed more successfully.
Among inexpensive but very good thermal pastes, I can recommend Artic MX-4.
It must be applied in a thin layer, having first removed the old paste with dry material and then with cotton wool soaked in alcohol.
Replacing thermal paste will give you a gain of 3-5 °C; if this is not enough, then simply install additional case fans, at least the most inexpensive ones.
14. Disk testing
This is the longest step after the RAM test, so I prefer to leave it for last. To begin with, you can conduct a speed test of all drives using the “HDTune” utility, for which I give “”. This sometimes helps to identify freezes when accessing the disk, which indicates problems with it.
Look at the SMART parameters, where the “disk health” is displayed, there should be no red lines and the overall disk status should be “OK”.
You can download a list of the main SMART parameters and what they are responsible for in the “” section.
A full surface test can be performed using the same Windows utilities. The process may take 2-4 hours depending on the size and speed of the disk (about 1 hour for every 500 MB). Upon completion of the test, there should not be a single broken block, which are highlighted in red.
The presence of such a block is an unequivocal death sentence for the disk and 100% warranty case. Save your data faster and change the disk, just don’t tell the service that you dropped your laptop
You can check the surface of both regular hard drives (HDD) and solid state drives(SSD). The latter really don’t have any surface, but if the HDD or SSD freezes every time during the test, then most likely the electronics are faulty and need to be replaced or repaired (the latter is unlikely).
If you are unable to diagnose a disk under Windows, the computer crashes or freezes, then try doing this using the MHDD utility from the Hiren’s BootCD boot disk.
Problems with the controller (electronics) and the disk surface lead to error windows in the operating system, short-term and complete freezes of the computer. Typically these are messages about the inability to read a particular file and memory access errors.
Such errors can be mistaken for problems with the RAM, while the disk may well be to blame. Before you panic, try updating the disk controller driver or, conversely, returning the original one Windows driver as described in .
15. Testing the optical drive
For check optical drive Usually it's enough to just burn a disc with verification. For example, using the “Astroburn” program, it is in the “” section.
After burning a disc with a message about successful verification, try copying its entire contents on another computer. If the disk is readable and the drive reads other disks (except for hard-to-read ones), then everything is fine.
Some of the problems I have encountered with the drive include electronics failures that completely freeze or prevent the computer from turning on, failures of the retractable mechanism, contamination of the laser head lens, and damage to the head as a result of improper cleaning. In most cases, everything is solved by replacing the drive; fortunately, they are inexpensive and even if they have not been used for several years, they die from dust.
16. Body check
The case also sometimes breaks, sometimes the button gets stuck, sometimes the wiring from the front panel falls off, sometimes it shorts out in the USB connector. All this can lead to unpredictable behavior of the PC and can be solved by thorough inspection, cleaning, a tester, a soldering iron and other available means.
The main thing is that nothing short-circuits, as evidenced by a non-working light bulb or connector. If in doubt, disconnect all wires from the front panel of the case and try working on the computer for a while.
17. Checking the motherboard
Often, checking a motherboard comes down to checking all components. If all components individually work normally and pass tests, the operating system is reinstalled, but the computer still crashes, the problem may be with the motherboard. And here I can’t help you; only an experienced electronics engineer can diagnose it and identify a problem with the chipset or processor socket.
The exception is the crash of a sound or network card, which can be solved by disabling them in the BIOS and installing separate expansion cards. You can resolder the capacitors in the motherboard, but, say, replacing the north bridge is usually not advisable, since it is expensive and there are no guarantees; it is better to immediately buy a new motherboard.
18. If all else fails
Of course, it is always better to discover the problem yourself and determine The best way solutions, since some unscrupulous repairmen try to pull the wool over your eyes and rip off your skin.
But it may happen that you follow all the recommendations, but cannot identify the problem, this has happened to me. In this case, the problem is most often in the motherboard or in the power supply; there may be a microcrack in the PCB and it makes itself felt from time to time.
In this case, there is nothing you can do, take the entire system unit to a more or less well-established computer company. There is no need to carry components in parts if you are not sure what is wrong, the issue will never be resolved. Let them sort it out, especially if the computer is still under warranty.
Computer store specialists usually don’t worry, they have a lot of different components, they just change something and see if the problem goes away, thus quickly and easily fixing the problem. They also have enough time to conduct tests.
19. Links
Transcend JetFlash 790 8GB
HDD Western Digital Caviar Blue WD10EZEX 1TB
Transcend StoreJet 25A3 TS1TSJ25A3K
Hi all. In today's article we will talk about a complete diagnosis of all devices in your computer. I will show and tell you how to independently diagnose a computer and all its component devices:
- HDD.
- RAM.
- Video card.
- Motherboard.
- CPU.
- Power unit.
We will check all this in this article and for each of the computer devices I will make a video in which I will clearly show how to diagnose a particular device.
In addition, using diagnostics, you will be able to determine whether you should completely replace the device or whether you can repair it; we will also analyze the main problems of devices that can be determined without diagnostics. Well, let's start with the most important question that interests everyone - diagnostics HDD/SSD.
HDD and SSD disk diagnostics.
Disk diagnostics are done in two directions, Smart is checked hard systems or solid state drive and directly check the disk for bad or slow sectors. In order to check the SMART HDD and SSD, we will use the program. You can download it from our website in the download section.
Well, now let’s go directly to the disk diagnostics itself, after downloading the program, run the file of the required bit depth and look at the main window if you see a blue icon with the caption good or in English good means with yours SMART disk everything is in order and further diagnostics need not be carried out.
If you see a yellow or red icon with the words carefully, bad, then there are some problems with your disk. You can find the exact problem below in the list of essential SMART diagnostic items. Wherever there are yellow and red icons opposite the inscription, it will indicate that it is in this part that your disk was damaged.
If your disk has already exhausted its lifespan, then there is no point in repairing it. If you have found several bad sectors, then there is still a possibility of repair. I will talk about repairing bad sectors further. If there are many bad sectors on the disk, more than 10, or many very slow sectors, then it is not worth restoring such a disk. After some time, it will still crumble further, it will need to be constantly restored/repaired.
Software disk repair.
By repair I mean the relocation of bad and slow sectors on the disk. This instruction is only suitable for HDDs, that is, only hard drive. For SSD given The operation will not help in any way, but will only worsen the condition of the solid-state drive.
Repairing will help extend the life of your hard drive a little more. To restore bad sectors we will use the HDD regenerator program. Download and run this program, wait until the program collects data about your drives, after the data has been collected you will see a window in which you will need to click on the inscription - Click here to bad sectors on demaget drive surfase directly under Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. You need to click on the inscription quickly in OS 8 and 10, so the window will quickly disappear, in 7 everything is fine. Next, click NO. Then select your drive from the list. Click the start process button. A window will appear like command line in which you will need to press 2, Enter, 1, Enter.
After the completed operations, the system will begin scanning for bad sectors and moving them to unreadable disk partitions. In fact, bad sectors do not disappear, but in the future they do not interfere with the operation of the system and you can continue to use the disk. The process of checking and restoring the disk may take a long time, depending on the size of your disk. When the program is finished, press button 5 and Enter. If you encounter any errors while testing and fixing bad sectors, it means that your disk cannot be recovered. If you have found more than 10 bads - bad sectors, then restoring such a disk does not make sense, there will always be problems with it.
The main signs of disk failure are:
Video on how to diagnose HDD/SSD:
RAM diagnostics
This time we will conduct diagnostics of RAM. There are several options in which you can check the RAM, this is when your computer is still turning on and working somehow, and when you can no longer turn on the computer, Only the BIOS loads.
The main signs that RAM does not work:
- When loading resource-intensive applications, the computer freezes or restarts.
- When using the computer for a long time, more than 2 hours, Windows begins to slow down, and as time increases, the slowdown increases.
- When installing any programs, you cannot install them, the installation fails with errors.
- Sound and video jamming.
The first thing we will look at is how to check the RAM if your Windows boots. Everything is very simple, in any of operating systems beginning with Windows Vista You can search for a checker Windows memory. The shortcut that appears is launched as administrator and we see a message stating that you can reboot and start the scan right now or schedule a scan the next time you turn on the computer. Select the value you need. After the computer restarts, the RAM test will automatically start immediately. It will be held in standard mode, wait until the end of the test and you will find out if everything is okay with your RAM. In addition, after you have already loaded Windows, in the event viewer you can open the Windows logs, select the System item and find the memory diagnostic event in the list on the right. In this event you will see all the information about the diagnostics performed. Based on this information, you can find out whether the RAM is working.
The next option for diagnosing RAM if you cannot boot Windows. To do this, you need to write the program to a disk or bootable USB flash drive and run it from the BIOS. In the window that appears, a test to check random access memory (RAM) will be automatically launched. Wait until the test is completed and if there are any problems with your memory, the test window will change from blue to red. This will indicate defects or failure of the RAM. That's all, you have learned how to diagnose RAM.
Video on how to check the RAM:
Video card diagnostics
The main signs of a video card defect:
- The computer hits the blue screen of death.
- Artifacts appear on the screen - multi-colored dots, stripes or rectangles.
- When loading games, the computer freezes or restarts.
- When using a computer for a long time in a game, performance decreases and the game begins to lag.
- Video jamming, video playback failure, problems with flash player.
- No smoothing in text or when rewinding documents or web pages.
- Changing the color scheme.
All these are signs of some kind of video card defect. Testing a video card should be divided into two stages: checking the graphics chip and checking the video card memory.
Checking the graphics chip of the video card (GPU)
To check the graphics chip, you can use various programs that put a load on this chip and identify failures under critical load. We will use the program, and FurMark.
Launch Aida at the bottom of the tray near the clock, right-click and select system stability test. In the window that appears, check the box next to GPU Stress Test. The test will be launched below and you will see a graph of temperature changes, fan speed, and current consumption. To check, a 20-minute test is enough; if at this time the lower field with the graph turns red or the computer reboots, then there are problems with your video card.
Let's launch OCCT. Go to the GPU 3D tab, do not change the settings and press the ON button. Next, a window will appear with a furry donut, which is a visual test. The test will take 15-20 minutes. I recommend monitoring the temperature and monitoring the power readings; if multi-colored dots, stripes or rectangles appear on the screen, this will indicate that there is a problem with the video card. If the computer turns off spontaneously, this will also indicate a defect in the video card.
Now we have analyzed the diagnostics of the video card processor, but sometimes there are also problems with the video card memory.
Diagnostics of video card memory
For this diagnostic we will use the program. Unpack the program and run it as administrator. In the window that appears, put a checkmark next to the inscription signal if there are errors and press the start button. A check of the video card's RAM will be launched; if any errors are detected with the memory, the program will emit a characteristic sound signal, on some computers the signal will be a system one.
That's all, now you can diagnose the video card yourself. Check the GPU and video card memory.
Video card testing video:
Motherboard diagnostics
The main signs of a motherboard malfunction:
- The computer hits the blue screen of death, reboots and turns off.
- The computer freezes without rebooting.
- The cursor, music and video (freezes) get stuck.
- Connected devices disappear - HDD/SSD, drive, USB drives.
- Ports, USB and network connectors do not work.
- The computer does not turn on, does not start, does not boot.
- The computer works slowly, often slows down or freezes.
- The motherboard makes various sounds.
Visual inspection of the motherboard
The first thing you need to do to diagnose a motherboard is to conduct a visual inspection of the motherboard. What you need to pay attention to:
- Chips and cracks - if such damage is present, the motherboard will not turn on at all or will turn on only once.
- Swollen capacitors - due to swollen capacitors, the computer may turn on after 3, 5, 10 attempts or after certain time, can also go out for no reason and slow down.
- Oxidation - the computer may turn on every once in a while and slow down. It may not turn on at all if the tracks are completely oxidized.
- Warmed up chips, there will be small burnt spots or holes on the microchips - because of this, the computer may not turn on or the ports, network cards, sound or USB will not work.
- Scratches on paths are the same as with chips and cracks.
- Burnt around chips and ports leads to complete inoperability of the motherboard or its individual parts.
Software diagnostics of the motherboard
If your computer turns on and boots into Windows, but there are strange glitches and slowdowns, it’s worth doing software diagnostics of the motherboard using the program. Download and install the program, launch it, right-click on its icon at the bottom of the tray near the clock and select “service” - “system stability test”. Check the boxes next to Stress CPU, Stress FPU, Stress cache, and uncheck the rest. Press the "Start" button, the computer will freeze, and the test will begin. During the test, monitor the temperature of the processor and motherboard, as well as power. We carry out the test for a minimum of 20 minutes and a maximum of 45 minutes. If during the test the bottom field turns red or the computer turns off, then the motherboard is faulty. Also, the shutdown may be due to the processor, uncheckStress CPU and check again. If you find overheating, then you need to check the cooling system of the motherboard and processor. If the power supply fluctuates, problems may occur with both the motherboard and the power supply.
If the computer starts but Windows does not load, you can check the mainland through a boot test. It needs to be written to a disk or flash drive. I will show you in more detail how to use it in the video.
Diagnostics of the power supply unit (PSU)
The main signs of a faulty power supply:
- The computer does not turn on at all.
- The computer starts for 2-3 seconds and stops working.
- The computer turns on 5-10-25 times.
- When under load, the computer turns off, reboots, or displays a blue screen of death.
- When under load, the computer slows down a lot.
- Devices connected to the computer spontaneously disconnect and connect (screws, drives, USB devices).
- Squeak (whistle) when the computer is running.
- Unnatural noise from the power supply fan.
Visual inspection of power supply unit
The first thing to do if the power supply is faulty is to do a visual inspection. We disconnect the power supply from the case and disassemble the power supply itself. We check for:
- Burnt, melted elements of the power supply unit - make sure that all the elements are intact; if you find burning or something obviously melted, we take the power supply unit for repair or replace it with a new one.
- Swollen capacitors - replace swollen capacitors with new ones. Because of them, the computer may not turn on the first time or may die under load.
- Dust - if dust is clogged in the fan and radiators, it must be cleaned, because of this the power supply under load may turn off due to overheating.
- Burnt fuse - when there is a voltage drop, the fuse often burns and needs to be replaced.
We checked everything but the power supply is behaving badly, let's see.
Software diagnostics of power supply
Software diagnostics of the power supply can be carried out using any test program that gives the maximum load on the power supply. Before doing such a check, you need to determine whether all elements of your PC have enough power from the power supply. You can check this like this: run the AIDA 64 program link above and go to the site for calculating the required power of the power supply. On the website, we transfer the data from Aida to the appropriate fields and click the Calculate button. This way we will be sure exactly how much power the power supply will be enough for the computer.
Let's proceed to the diagnosis of PD itself. Download the program. We install and launch it. Go to the tab Power Supply. Check the box to use all logical cores (does not work on all computers) and press the ON button. The test lasts an hour, and if during this time the computer turns off, reboots, or displays a blue screen, there are problems with the power supply (Before checking the power supply, you must first check the video card and processor to avoid the test being incorrect).
I won’t show you how to diagnose a power supply with a multimeter, because there is a ton of this information on the Internet, and it’s better for professionals to do such diagnostics. I will show you testing the power supply in more detail in the video below:
Hello.
When working at a computer, sometimes various kinds of failures and errors occur, and getting to the bottom of the reason for their occurrence without special software is not an easy task! In this help article I want to post best programs for testing and diagnosing PCs, which will help in solving a wide variety of problems.
By the way, some of the programs can not only restore the computer’s functionality, but also “kill” Windows (you will have to reinstall the OS), or cause the PC to overheat. Therefore, be careful with such utilities (it’s definitely not worth experimenting without knowing what this or that function does).
CPU testing
Rice. 1. CPU-Z main window
A free program for determining all the characteristics of a processor: name, core type and stepping, socket used, support for certain multimedia instructions, cache memory size and parameters. Eat portable version, does not require installation.
By the way, processors of even the same name can be slightly different: for example, different cores with different steppings. Some information can be found on the processor cover, but usually it is hidden far away in the system unit and is not easy to get to.
Another important advantage of this utility is its ability to create a text report. In turn, such a report can be useful when solving a wide variety of problems with a PC problem. I recommend having such a utility in your arsenal!
One of the most frequently used utilities, at least on my computer. Allows you to solve a wide range of problems:
Control over startup (removing everything unnecessary from startup);
Monitor the processor temperature, hard drive, video cards;
Obtaining summary information on the computer and any of its hardware in particular. This information can be indispensable when searching for drivers for rare hardware:
Overall, in my humble opinion, this is one of the best system utilities, containing everything you need. By the way, many experienced users are familiar with the predecessor of this program - Everest (by the way, they are very similar).
One of the best programs for testing the performance of a computer's processor and RAM. The program is based on complex mathematical calculations that can completely and permanently load even the most powerful processor!
By the way, the program works in all popular Windows operating systems today: XP, 7, 8, 10.
Temperature monitoring and analysis
Temperature is one performance indicator that can say a lot about the reliability of a PC. The temperature is usually measured for three PC components: the processor, the hard drive and the video card (they are the ones that most often overheat).
By the way, the AIDA 64 utility measures the temperature quite well (about it in the article above, I also recommend this link:).
SpeedFan
This small utility can not only monitor the temperature of the hard drives and processor, but also help adjust the rotation speed of the coolers. On some PCs they make a lot of noise, thereby irritating the user. Moreover, you can reduce their rotation speed without harming the computer (adjusting the rotation speed is recommended for experienced users, This operation may cause your PC to overheat!).
Core Temp
A small program that measures temperature directly from the processor sensor (bypassing unnecessary ports). The accuracy of the readings is one of the best of its kind!
Programs for overclocking and monitoring video card performance
By the way, for those who want to speed up a video card without using third-party utilities (i.e., no overclocking and no risks), I recommend reading the articles on fine-tuning video cards:
Riva Tuner
Rice. 6. Riva Tuner
A once very popular utility for fine-tuning Nvidia video cards. Allows overclocking Nvidia video cards both through standard drivers and “directly”, working with hardware. That is why you should work with it carefully, without going too far with the parameter settings (especially if you have not yet had experience working with such utilities).
Also, quite well, this utility can help with settings for resolution (locking it, useful in many games), frame rate (not relevant for modern monitors).
By the way, the program has its own “basic” driver and registry settings for certain work cases (for example, when starting a game, the utility can switch the video card operating mode to the required one).
Rice. 7. ATITool - main window
A very interesting program for overclocking ATI and nVIDIA video cards. It has automatic overclocking functions, and also has a special algorithm for “loading” the video card in three-dimensional mode (see Fig. 7, above).
When testing in three-dimensional mode, you can find out the number of FPS produced by the video card at one or another fine tuning, you can also immediately notice artifacts and defects in the graphics (by the way, this moment means that it is dangerous to overclock the video card further). In general, an indispensable tool when trying to overclock a graphics adapter!
Recovering information if accidentally deleted or formatted
Quite a large and extensive topic that deserves a whole separate article (and more than one). On the other hand, it would be wrong not to include it in this article. Therefore, here, in order not to repeat myself and not to increase the size of this article to “huge” sizes, I will only provide links to my other articles on this topic.
Recovery Word documents -
Determining a malfunction (primary diagnosis) of a hard drive by sound:
A huge directory of the most popular data recovery programs:
Testing RAM
Also, the topic is quite extensive and cannot be described in a few words. Typically, if there are problems with RAM, the PC behaves as follows: freezes, “ ” appears, spontaneous reboot, etc. For more details, see the link below.
Hard drive analysis and testing
Analysis of the occupied space on the hard drive -
Hard drive slows down, analysis and search for causes -
Checking the hard drive for functionality, searching for bad problems -
Cleaning your hard drive from temporary files and junk -
That's all for me today. I would be grateful for additions and recommendations on the topic of the article. Good luck with your PC.
If you want to overclock your computer, compare the system with others, or just show off your equipment, you need an assessment of your computer's performance. For Windows there are a huge number free applications for such testing.
Before running any test, make sure nothing is running on your computer. Working in background the application will slow down the test and skew the final results. Also, plan to run any test at a time when you won't need your computer, as some of these applications may take a while to run. The provided review will indicate the approximate operating time of each tool.
Stress test and benchmark your CPU with Prime95
Prime95 is a stress testing program central processor. It is especially popular among overclockers - users who improve computer performance by setting operating modes that exceed the nominal ones. This is a fairly old application, but it will work with almost any Windows version, from XP to Windows 10.
In addition, Prime95 is portable application, so there is no need to install it. You can simply download the Prime95 zip file, extract it, and then run Prime95.exe. If you don't want to create account, then immediately click the “Simple stress testing” button.
Typically, Prime95 suggests running a stress test right away, which is great for assessing the stability of your processor. If you are “overclocking” your computer, then this test will be especially useful. To start testing right now, click on “OK”. But keep in mind that such testing may take some time, possibly a long time. If you do not want to subject your computer to a stress test right now, then simply cancel its execution.
Whether you run or cancel a stress test, you can also run other tests by simply opening the Options menu and selecting Benchmarks.
Test results are measured by time: the lower the value, the faster the process occurs.
The tests may take some time to complete, especially if you are testing a multi-threaded processor with multiple cores, as the program must run multiple tests. This took about 10 minutes on the sample system being tested. If you are testing an overclocked system, compare the results before and after overclocking using the Prime95 test to see the difference in performance. You can also compare your test results with other computers on the Prime 95 website.
Perform comprehensive testing with Novabench
Novabench is a program for testing the central processor, graphics processor, RAM and some other indicators. Novabench is completely free. This program doesn't even have a trial version. And it works with Windows systems from 7 to 10.
After downloading and installing, launch it. You will see a simple window in which you need to click “Start testing”. Also in the “Tests” tab you can choose which ones to run.
Testing with this program is much faster than with many others. It took about a minute to evaluate the system under test, while in other programs this process took a lot longer.
Once testing is complete, NovaBench displays the NovaBench Comparison Score - the higher the score, the better. The program also shows the results of each individual test. To compare your system's results with other users, click the "Compare these results online" button.
Gaming Performance Testing with 3DMark
NovaBench offers a simple 3D test, but for more intensive testing of your PC's performance, you may need a dedicated 3D testing tool. One of the most popular is 3DMark Futuremark. Basically, free version gives a sufficient level for most people. The advanced paid version ($29.99) also includes some additional stress tests, graphical charts of results, and the ability to test systems with multiple GPUs. The free version is a massive and memory-intensive download that takes up almost 4 GB.
On home page Click the "Run" button to test your computer. After this, as a rule, the so-called “Time Spy” appears for PCs with Windows 10.
3DMark runs tests in full screen and displays scenes that you would see in games, but they are not interactive. Testing will take about 10-15 minutes. You'll then receive an overall performance score, as well as individual scores for your GPU and CPU. The higher the scores, the better. As with most similar programs, you can compare your results with the results of other users by clicking the “Compare result online” button.
To run other tests, simply click the Home button in the top left corner, select the Tests tab from the list that appears, and then scroll and select the one you want from the list of available benchmark tests.
Testing overall PC performance with PCMark
PCMark is a program developed by Futuremark - the same company that develops 3DMark, only PCMark focuses on overall PC performance. The free version doesn't include as many tests, but they can still be useful. The version you need depends on which Windows you are using:
- PCMark 10 is used for Windows 10 PCs.
- PCMark 8 is used for Windows 8 PCs.
- PCMark 7 is used for Windows 7 PCs.
And just as in the case of 3DMark, you can download a free basic version, or purchase a paid, but expanded version for $29.99. The paid version has some additional tests as well appearance graphs are worked out in more detail. The free version of PCMark 10 weighs about 2 GB, so free up enough memory on your computer.
Launch PCMark, and on the Home tab, click “Run” to begin testing.
Testing will take about 15 minutes. At the bottom of the screen, the program shows the results of the testing that has already been done. In addition, when the video player and graphics are tested, additional windows will appear on the screen. The results will appear immediately after testing is completed, and as with other programs, the higher your score, the better.
Scroll down the page and you will see the “Compare Online” option. Click on it and you will notice comparative characteristics your system with others tested.
Comprehensive performance assessment with SiSoftware Sandra
SiSoftware Sandra is another popular information and diagnostic application that includes benchmark utilities. SiSoftware offers paid versions, but the free version also contains tests that may be useful. To get a comprehensive overview of your system's performance, general diagnostics are suitable, but you can also run specific performance tests virtual machines, processor power management, network devices, memory and storage.
In the main window, go to the "Tools" tab and then double-click on the "Overall Performance Score" option. In addition, you can run a wide variety of benchmark tests for different subsystems of your computer.
Assessing overall performance involves testing your central and GPUs, bandwidth memory and performance file system. Make sure the "Update results by running all benchmark tests" option is selected, and then click OK to run the test.
Sisoft also provides the ability to customize the mechanisms for displaying your rating. This setup is free, but requires registration. e-mail. To avoid this, simply click the "Cancel" button and proceed to testing.
Warning: this program uses a number of fairly thorough tests, so this process can take a long time - most likely an hour or so. During testing, you will not be able to do anything with your PC, so run the program when you do not need your computer. During testing, it may seem that the computer does not respond to your commands and generally freezes. But don't worry: as soon as the program finishes testing, the results will be displayed on the screen and the computer will continue to operate normally.
The need to test the performance of a particular computer component arises infrequently. Provided, of course, that you are not doing this professionally. And yet, no, no, and there is a need to check how fast the new one is, to compare with other owners of similar configurations the “parrots” shown by the newly installed video card, to be proud of the performance of the latest generation processor. We'll talk about what utilities you might need to test your computer's performance.
Why testing is needed
I have already mentioned one of the reasons - to check how much faster the system works with new components, for example, after an upgrade. Or you just got your hands on a device and you don’t mind running benchmarks on it. But sports interest is only one side of the issue.
Such testing allows, among other things, to seriously load the system, both as a whole and its individual components. This can be useful for identifying the source of problems if the computer is prone to random freezes, reboots, blue screens, etc. This is not just a performance test, but also a stability test.
This can also help you choose the optimal driver that achieves maximum performance; testing allows you to make sure that the cooling system is doing its job. For example, when replacing a processor with a newer and possibly hotter one, the old cooler may no longer cope with the increased load. Of course, the processor will not burn out, but it may start to slow down. Why is this necessary? Is this what the upgrade was for?
In general, such a check is useful in different situations. And in order to carry it out, you need the appropriate tools. In this case, specialized utilities and software packages. Next, I will indicate a list of popular and frequently used means. The list, of course, does not pretend to be complete, and if I missed anything interesting, write in the comments. Let's put together an optimal set of programs, make a "gentleman's" set of needs for testing computer hardware.
Test procedure
Just a few words about how to test a computer. This is not a revelation, but I’ll remind you anyway.
First, you need to update device drivers (if any). It is highly advisable to get them (drivers) from the websites of equipment manufacturers. Personally, I'm not a fan of using various programs with sets of drivers or automatically monitoring and updating them. Still, the process of what is installed there on your computer should be controlled independently.
Secondly. The correct power plan should be installed in the system in order to prevent certain devices from stopping, as well as to exclude any restrictions in the processor operating parameters, etc.
Third. Turn off all programs running in the background so that nothing interferes with the tests. Naturally, you should not use your computer while the verification process is in progress.
I guess that's all. Well, also be patient and prepare for the fact that you will have to spend some time on all these activities.
System check
PCMark 10
One of the most popular packages for checking the system as a whole. The program is paid. The basic free configuration has limitations and can only perform general testing. The extended version costs $29.99. At the end of the tests, a certain numerical result is displayed that can be compared with other systems; the test results are available on the Internet.
Link to the program.
PassMark PerformanceTest 9.0
Another set of tests to evaluate system performance. Initially, 32 standard tests are available, divided into 5 groups, as well as 8 custom tests. The results can also be compared with others online.
The program is paid, but there is a 30-day trial period for free use.
Link to the program.
CPU check
SuperPi
Small free utility, which calculates the number Pi to a certain decimal place. The program has not been updated for a long time, but it is quite suitable for testing speed, although there is a limitation - the calculation is performed in one thread, i.e., at best, one processor core is loaded.
Link to the program.
wPrime
Similar to the previous program, it calculates the number Pi to a certain decimal place, but, unlike it, it works in multi-threaded mode, which allows you to load all processor cores. The program is also free.
Link to the program.
Cinebench
A very popular processor test, good, in particular, because it simulates the execution of a certain real work, because the 3D scene is rendered. The program is free and works on both Windows and iOS.
Link to the program.
Geekbench
Cross-platform benchmark for testing processor and memory. It is possible to publish your results or compare them online with existing ones. The program is paid, but there is a free trial period.
Link to the program.
Checking video cards
3D Mark
One of the most famous test packages for checking video cards. Although the program is paid, there is a free trial period. Based on the test results, a certain value is displayed that reflects performance.
Unigine Heaven
Free GPU testing program. Scenes are rendered in real time, which allows you to evaluate performance. There are several tests available.
Download program.
Game tests
This is not the name of the test package. The best test for a video card is the games themselves, and some of them have a built-in benchmark, for example, Hitman, Metro 2033 and a number of others.
Memory testing
AIDA64
In reality, this is a whole package of utilities for testing computer components, as well as displaying detailed information about him. Memory test is one of the features of this program. Versions available for Windows, iOS, Ubuntu, Android, Windows Phone. AIDA64 is paid, but there is a free period of use.
Download program.
Memtest86+
The program is quite old, but remains relevant. Unlike others, it allows you to create a bootable CD or flash drive and run the test without loading the OS. This program is useful when there is a suspicion that the RAM is not working correctly. If the system has several RAM sticks, it is best to test them one at a time.
Download program.
Drive testing
Crystal Disk Benchmark
A free utility that allows you to evaluate the performance of your drive. Can be used with both HDDs and SSDs.
Download program.
Anvil's Storage Utilities
A program for comprehensive testing of drives. Several tests are performed in different modes. The results are shown both in MB/s, IOPS, and in certain points given to the device under test. Allows you to compare the performance of different drives under different loads.
Loading...
