One of the main tasks of the Internet is storing and providing (upon request) the necessary information to users. To find necessary information on the Internet, you need to know the address of the Web page (site) on which this information is located, have at least one of the Web page viewing applications installed on your PC, and have access to global network.

Navigation program(searching for information on the Internet) and viewing Web pages is called a browser. There are many browsers available nowadays. The most popular are graphical browsers (two-dimensional): Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Flock (Firefox and Flock are based on Netscape code), Opera, Netscape Navigator, Google Chrome and others. Gain popularity Safari browser for Windows. The first graphical browser, Viola, appeared in 1992. Currently, three-dimensional browsers are being developed, for example the Clara browser

Popular text browsers Players (console browsers) are Lynx and Links (Links2 supports graphics). Lynx and Links can be used on various platforms: Unix, Macintosh, Windows and other operating systems. These browsers are advisable to use for weak PCs and low-speed Internet connections.

In addition, these browsers can be used for powerful PCs and high-speed lines for navigation or Internet surfing (for quick access to the required information on sites), and to view the required Web pages it is advisable to use browsers with graphical interface.

To work in DOS, you can use the graphical WWW browser Arachne - this is a graphical browser that supports the basic elements of modern Web design. To work in Linux, you can use the following browsers: Lynx, Links (Elinks, Links2, Links Hacked), Opera, Netscape, and so on.

Browsers are a client of the World Wide Web, that is, an application program that, upon request, receives documents from Web servers, interprets data from Web pages and displays them on the screen.

Using a browser, you can easily search for a desired web page on the Internet by typing one or more words in the address bar (search bar) of the browser and pressing Enter to begin the search. Browsers provide access not only to Web servers, but also to other Internet servers (FTP servers, Gopher servers, and UseNet newsgroup servers).

One of the most popular browsers is Internet Explorer, since the Internet Explorer application is included in the Windows operating system.

The Internet Explorer browser, page navigation technology, and working with Web pages are discussed in detail in the section Application programs for viewing Web pages.

11. Describe the rules of koristuvannya with individual screenshots.

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Email, how it works, creating a mailbox, composing a message, delivering and reading mail.

Email is one of the oldest services on the Internet and has now become the most

Programs for viewing Web documents, working with Web documents. Concept, .

One of the main tasks of the Internet is storing and providing (upon request) the necessary information to users. To find the necessary information on the Internet, you need to know the address of the Web page (site) on which this information is located, have at least one of the Web browsing applications installed on your PC, and have access to the global network.
A program for viewing Web pages is called a browser. There are many browsers available nowadays. The most popular graphical browsers (two-dimensional): Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Flock (Firefox and Flock are based on Netscape code), Opera, Netscape Navigator, Google Chrome and others. The Safari browser for Windows is gaining popularity. The first graphical browser, Viola, appeared in 1992. Currently, three-dimensional browsers are being developed, for example the Clara browser

Popular text browsers (console browsers) are Lynx and Links (Links2 supports graphics). Lynx and Links can be used on various platforms: Unix, Macintosh, Windows and other operating systems. These browsers are advisable to use for weak PCs and low-speed Internet connections.

In addition, these browsers can be used for powerful PCs and high-speed lines for the purpose of navigation or Internet surfing (for quick access to the required information on sites), and to view the required Web pages, it is advisable to use browsers with a graphical interface.

To work in DOS, you can use the graphical WWW browser Arachne - this is a graphical browser that supports the basic elements of modern Web design. To work in Linux, you can use the following browsers: Lynx, Links (Elinks, Links2, Links Hacked), Opera, Netscape, and so on.

Browsers are a client of the World Wide Web, that is, an application program that, upon request, receives documents from Web servers, interprets data from Web pages and displays them on the screen.

Using a browser, you can easily search for a desired web page on the Internet by typing one or more words in the address bar (search bar) of the browser and pressing Enter to begin the search. Browsers provide access not only to Web servers, but also to other Internet servers (FTP servers, Gopher servers, and UseNet newsgroup servers).

One of the most popular browsers is Internet Explorer, since the Internet Explorer application is included in the Windows operating system.
3.4. Using the Internet Browser

To open a Web document, you can enter its address in the address field and press Enter. The search and download of the document will begin.
As a rule, all documents on the WWW contain multimedia information (graphic, sound and video files), which, while significantly increasing the file loading time, serves only to decorate it. To significantly reduce the loading time of a document, it is recommended to first quickly load it in text mode, disabling multimedia files. To do this, you need to run the commands Tools, Internet Options and on the Advanced tab, uncheck the boxes next to all items in the Multimedia section. In this mode, instead of pictures, special icons are placed in the document. If open document is of interest, any drawing can be loaded into right moment. To do this, simply click on the icon representing the picture with the right mouse button and select the Show Picture command in the context menu that appears. You can also set the multimedia mode and click the Refresh button - the document will open with all multimedia files.

Once the Web page has finished loading, you can scroll through it. If it contains a link, you can click on the link to open a new Web page, and you can switch between Web pages using the Back and Forward buttons.

If a document can be useful in the future, it should be saved to disk as a file (using the File, Save As command). In this case, you can set the saving form as follows:
-text;
- Web document without multimedia files, but with links to them;
- a complete Web document. In the latter case, you can work with the document offline.
You can also save a link to the document in the Favorites folder (command Favorites, Add to Favorites). This should be done if you expect to refer to the document regularly in the future.

What does the now widespread word “multimedia” mean? In 1988, the European Commission on the Introduction and Use of New Technologies proposed the following definition: multimedia - a product containing “collections of images, text and data, accompanied by sound, video, animation and other visual effects (Simulation), and including an interactive interface and other mechanisms management". In the light of this definition, we can talk about multimedia technologies as a set of organizational, technical and software tools used for the development of multimedia products.
Of course, all computer users know at least one text editor, but in multimedia it's just text editor are not enough, although they can be used to prepare individual text fragments. The main requirement is to combine all text fragments of a multimedia product into a single hypertext structure. What is hypertext? Briefly, it can be defined as an array of text information linked by cross-references.
the most perfect Information system- the human brain uses associations to search for information. One of the attempts to create such a search system is the hypertext system. Its convenience and effectiveness turned out to be so great that now almost any application program contains help system, using hypertext elements.
From the point of view of information processing systems, hypertext is a system that does not require a formalized model for representing the data in question. subject area. Instead, semantic (notional) connections are used between pieces of information, which may not have a formal description, but based on these connections it is possible to view, analyze information and create new fragments. Currently, hypertext systems, as a rule, contain only unidirectional links, and the author, when creating the system, decides whether to implement feedback with original context. Future systems should automatically create bidirectional links in all places where one document became the source of another.
To create hyper text documents There is a special language SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). It is a toolkit of mechanisms for creating structured documents marked up using descriptors. In this case, the entire process is divided into three independent stages: creation, processing and formatting of the document. Therefore, SGML technology provides a huge benefit when preparing materials that need to be output different ways. Documents containing SGML descriptors can be formatted differently for display, CD-ROM, or printing using special style sheets.

Unfortunately, ordinary HTML document editors do not provide the ability to design a hypertext structure, but only support viewing those connections that the developer has created himself. Therefore, for creating hypertext documents there is a special software. For example, Trellix 2.0 (www.trellix.com) is one such product. In it, the document being developed is presented with a general structural diagram and the contents of the current page. The internal organization of a document is changed by moving icons within the general block diagram document and adding connection lines between them. Trellix automatically updates hyperlinks, dynamically generates summaries, and rearranges tables of contents. The ability to organize several paths through a document allows you to develop different scenarios for getting to know it for users with different backgrounds and interests. Trellix saves the document in both its native format (which requires a special program to view) and HTML format, which allows you to use any browser.
A development of the hypertext approach is the hypermedia environment, in which links also cover Various types multimedia components: pictures, sounds, videos, etc.
HTML Features in the field of multimedia, TIME (Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions) technology is expanding, allowing standardization of interaction multimedia components With HTML tags. With its help you can synchronize playback sound files with scrolling text blocks and images and viewing such a document in any browser. A large number of links about the SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) language, which implements this technology, can be found on the page www.w3.org/AudioVideo/#SMIL.mation, a hypertext system ("National Art Gallery. London")

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Topic 3.3: Applications for creating websites

Topic 3.4: Application of the Internet in the economy and information protection

Global computer networks

3.2. Network technologies. Global networks and global network technologies

3.2.5. Web browsing applications

The essence of the World Wide Web (WWW) system is the application of the hypertext model to information resources distributed on the global network. WWW is one of the types of Internet services. WWW provides the ability to work with documents that combine text, graphic images, sounds, animation, which greatly facilitates the perception of information. Hypertext documents (Web pages) are created using a special hypertext markup language, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).

The WWW system operates on the client-server principle. The client is an HTML interpreter, a special viewing program called a WWW-browser. A WWW browser is an application program that interacts with the WWW system, receives requested documents, interprets the data and displays the contents of the documents on the screen. The client program provides access to almost all Internet information resources that are stored on servers.

To work with the WWW system, you must install one of the Web browser programs on your computer, for example, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, MyIE Web Browser, Opera, etc. Most browsers provide access to other Internet servers: FTP servers, Gopher servers, and UseNet newsgroup servers.

Internet Explorer

Internet Explorer is installed along with the Windows installation and the Internet Explorer browser icon appears on the desktop. This icon can be used to launch Internet programs Explorer. After launching the Internet Explorer web browser, a browser window will appear on the screen.

Rice. 1.

An Internet Explorer browser or browser window contains:

• menu bar;
• three toolbars: Regular buttons, Address bar, Links;
• status bar.

The Common Buttons panel contains all the main browser control buttons. The Address and Links panels are used to specify the address of the Web page to load.

The status bar, located at the bottom of the window, contains messages about the status of the Web page. The progress bar on the right side of the status bar shows the progress of the file being downloaded. The status bar also contains an indicator showing the set security level of loaded Web pages.

To go to web pages you can use:

• hyperlinks contained in open page;
• the Address panel, where you enter the address of the required Web page;
• Links and Favorites panels.

Using hyperlinks

Every Web page contains links to other pages. Most in a simple way moving from one Web page to another is a transition using the mouse. To navigate to other pages, you can use the navigation menu, text hyperlinks, and graphic hyperlinks.

Typically text hyperlinks are underlined so they can be easily found. Text links to pages you have already visited change color. Graphical hyperlinks are more difficult to define. If, when you place the cursor on an image, it takes the form of a palm with a pointing finger, then this is a hyperlink.

When you click on a link, the Web page specified in it opens by default in the current browser window. But it can also be opened in a new window. To do this, place the cursor on the link, click right button mouse and from the appeared context menu select Open in new window.

Using the Web Page Address

To navigate to a Web page, you can use its address, which begins with the name of the protocol. This is followed by the domain name and the location of the file relative to the domain. By default, the Address panel is located below the main browser toolbar.

When you enter an address in the drop-down list in this panel and press the Enter key or the Go button, the browser opens the Web page for which you entered the address. All the addresses you previously entered in the Address panel are saved in the drop-down list, and you can select them from this list as needed.

You can enter the page URL directly from the keyboard into the Address panel. When entering an address, you don't have to enter the initial http://www part of the address, as the browser will add it itself.

Initially, you need to save the addresses of the Web pages you selected in the Links and Favorites folders. It should be noted that the Links folder is a subfolder of the Favorites folder. To save the address of an open Web page, click on the Favorites menu and select the Add to Favorites command.

The Add to Favorites dialog box will open, in which you must select a folder to save the address (including the Links folder). After that, to go to the required page, click on the Favorites menu and select the desired Web page address in the folders, the browser opens the Web page whose address you specified.

Navigating a Web Page

If you are not satisfied with the loading speed of Web pages, you can disable the display of graphic information.

To do this, follow these steps:

1. Execute the Internet Options command from the Tools menu.
2. In the Internet Options dialog box, go to the Advanced tab.
3. In the Multimedia section, clear the Display pictures check box.

Changing the encoding type of a web page

If the page encoding type does not match the set encoding in the browser, you will see a meaningless set of characters, then set the required encoding type using the View / Encoding command. The most common types of encoding of Russian-language text are Cyrillic (KOI8) and Cyrillic (Windows).

Saving a Web page and its fragments

A Web page consists of an HTML document and other files used to design the page. Using Internet Explorer, you can save the entire page or its individual fragments.

Saving a Web Page

To save a Web page, follow these steps:

1. Select File/Save As to open the Save Web Page dialog box.
2. Select a folder and specify the name of the file to be created.
3. In the File type field, specify the type of data to be saved:
   • web page, entire - used to save the entire page;
   • web archive, one file - the entire Web page will be saved as one file;
   • web page, HTML only – used to save only an HTML document without pictures or other files;
   • text file– to save a Web page in plain text format.
4. Click the Save button.

Saving text and pictures from a Web page

To save a piece of text, select it and right-click. A context menu will open, from which select the Copy command; the fragment will be saved to the temporary Windows clipboard. Now you can insert it, for example, into a Word document.

To copy a picture from a Web page, place the cursor on the picture and click the right mouse button. Then, from the context menu, select the "Copy Image" command.

The drawing can be saved as separate file. To do this, from the context menu of the picture, select the "Save Image As" command. When saving a drawing, you can select a file type that matches the type of the drawing, or save the drawing in bmp format.

Introduction

Today it is impossible to do without the help of a computer, and therefore the Internet. The emergence of the Internet began in 1969. At that time, the USA was created computer network ARPAnet, which united computer centers of the Ministry of Defense and a number of academic organizations. Although the real emergence of the Internet as the unification of six large US IP networks into a single scientific network NSFNET took place only in 1986. Today, the NSFNET network is the backbone network in this country and plays a special role throughout the Internet, since no other country's networks can be connected to it without registration. The Internet is a network of interconnected computer systems and various computer services. This network is a collection of various components, such as e-mail, teleconferencing, FTP sites, and real-time chat.

The World Wide Web (WWW) was born in 1992. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), located in Geneva, Switzerland. By October 1993, it had over 200 active Web servers, and by June 1995, the total number was over 6.5 million. Currently, there are already more than 30 million.

The World Wide Web is the most famous and recognized means of accessing Internet information resources. In reality, it is a system of interconnected pages representing Web sites around the world. These pages contain links that appear as highlighted text or pictures. By simply clicking on such a link, you can be transferred from this page to another, and perhaps this new page will be on a computer on the other side of the globe.

The purpose of this work is to consider software for working with Internet resources and e-mail, and create a website.

Web browsing software

Browsers

Browser -- software tool web browsing, a comprehensive application for processing and displaying the various components of a web page, and for providing an interface between a website and its visitor.

Today there are many programs for viewing web pages - these are Amaya, Camino, Dillo, ELinks, Epiphany, Galeon, ICab, Internet Explorer, Links, K-Meleon, Konqueror, Mosaic, Mozilla, Opera, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape and others. I will describe the browser in more detail - Internet Explorer.

Windows Internet Explorer, abbreviated I.E.-- a series of graphical browsers developed by Microsoft since 1995 and included in the line operating systems Microsoft Windows. Internet Explorer has been the most widely used web browser since 1999; peaking at 95% usage during 2002 and 2003. Internet Explorer 7.0 is current version browser, which can be downloaded from the Microsoft website since October 18, 2006.

Internet Explorer is an application designed for browsing and interacting with web pages. This application provides the user with the opportunity to create optimal conditions for working on the Internet: settings for security and confidentiality of the connection, adjusting the graphic content of web pages by setting the font and its size, as well as the ability to speed up and simplify work by placing the necessary buttons in the panel and saving the necessary links in in the “Favorites” column, as well as when using keyboard shortcuts.

Internet Explorer has tabs, a pop-up blocker, a phishing filter, group policy and the ability to auto-update via Windows Update.

Appendix 1 shows an example of an Internet Explorer working window.

Web pages are created using a programming language , which is called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language - hypertext markup language). To view such pages use special programs- browsers. The most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Fire Fox, Opera, Google Chrome. Browsers can not only reproduce on the screen any information posted on a web page (text, image, animation, video), but also send sound to speakers or headphones. Once you learn how to use a browser, you will be able to search the Internet necessary information. To work effectively on the Internet, the choice of browser is important. The main characteristics that you should pay attention to when choosing a browser: security, functionality, speed.

The browser searches for a web page on a specific site , which you previously made a request for, and reproduces it on the screen. We can say that a website is like a book, where all the pages are organized thematically and stored together. Each site has home page, which is called home. It can be compared to the cover of a magazine or the front page of a newspaper. Typically, such a page has an original, specially designed design that embodies the idea of ​​the site. It is here that you can familiarize yourself with the contents of the site using the so-called map or navigation panel. The purpose of these elements is to help the visitor get to other web pages on the site. It's very easy to navigate from one web page to another in your browser. This process is often called Web surfing. When you launch the browser for the first time, a web page appears in its window, which was set as home in the computer settings (more precisely, in the browser properties). In this case, the term “home” is a web page designed to open automatically.

Browser capabilities. Let's look at the main features of browsers using Internet Explorer as an example:

Displays both text information and plays video, animation, and sound.

Automatic creation of a list of nodes that have been visited previously.

Go to previously viewed web pages (using the “Back” and “Forward” buttons).

Search web nodes By key phrases or words.

Work with your favorite web pages by saving shortcuts to system folder"Favorites".

Internet Explorer acts as a file manager (similar to Explorer in Windows).

The Internet Explorer browser operates in two main modes: online and offline. In offline mode (i.e. without an Internet connection), you can perform operations with folders and files, as well as view web pages saved on your hard drive.

Browser window. Note that the windows of all browsers contain similar elements, but they may look and be located slightly differently.
Let's look at an example Internet browser Explorer:

The Internet Explorer menu consists of the following items: File, Edit, View, Favorites, Tools, Help.

The Common Buttons panel includes the following tools:

Back - display the previously viewed web document;

Forward - display the next page;

Stop - stop loading the web page;

Home - return to home page;

Search - activate the search bar;

Favorites - displays a list of resources added to “favorites”;

Log - displays a list of nodes that have been viewed previously;

Mail - application window opens Email;

Print - print the current web page.

Below the “Regular Buttons” panel is the “Address” panel, which has a field for entering an address and a drop-down list with previously visited Internet resources. IN address bar You can enter a new resource that you are going to visit, or the name of a file on disk that you want to view using a browser.

The main (large) part of the browser window is occupied by the document zone, which reflects the current web page or document opened with using the Internet Explorer.

At the bottom of the Internet Explorer window there is a status bar with information about current operations being performed by the program (for example, establishing a connection, loading a page, etc.).