OS X- one of the most popular operating systems in the world, belongs to the OS family Apple and is built on the UNIX platform. The system is intuitive and beautiful. OS X is only available for Mac computers. It is the successor to Mac OS, that is, Macintosh Operating System.
OS X is the main feature of Mac computers. Without her they wouldn't be so popular. Everything in it works with a bang and the main thing is together. The system is fully integrated, and working with Intel processors provides it with the best performance.
OS X is based on a POSIX-compliant Darwin OS with an XNU kernel that uses BSD services and the Mach kernel itself. OS X has a large number of features. This makes it stable and fast. The use of rounded corners and translucent elements makes appearance system is amazing.
History of the OS X operating system
Mac OS is the first name of the operating system that was released with the first Macintosh computer in 1984. The first ideas that were implemented in this system, the developers learned from the Xerox company, which this moment already had a graphical OS.
A few years later, combining existing developments and Apple’s own ideas, the developers created a completely new graphics system called Macintosh Operating System. It had a mouse available, which allowed the owner to move the cursor across the entire screen area. A window interface with folders and files has also appeared.
Apple's main goal was to create an operating system that would be fully integrated with Mac computers. It was convenient and intuitive even for a user who found himself near a computer for the first time.
A large number of ideas that were invented by Apple are now the standard in the software field.
First Mac version intosh Operating System occupied only 216 Kilobytes of disk space. This product was not at all protected from counterfeiting, so all subsequent updates were focused on increasing protection.
The ninth version of Mac OS became the peak of the company's work, and with the release of the tenth - a completely new Mac OS X system, which saw the world in March 2000, Apple received great recognition. The system code was completely redesigned, using NextStep OS as the basis.
OS X currently uses the Mach kernel, core UNIX features, and standard BSD services. The functionality, stability and, most importantly, security of the system is now at its best.
OS X Features
On OS X good view have full-color scaled icons, beautiful shadows around windows with rounded corners, and translucent menus. Spell checking, color and font selection, a dictionary, and a palette of special characters are available for all menu applications.
High-quality antialiasing for text, graphics, and windows makes OS X superior. A beautiful Dock that allows you to move between windows, nice interface elements and dialog modal windows.
OS X Applications
The OS X operating system integrates a large number of applications for working with by email, Internet, contacts, messages, reminders and videos.
Mac App Store is a professional online store. Ideologically, it is similar to the App Store for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad.
Mac App The Store allows you to download, buy and install applications, as well as update them when new versions are released.
Time Machine
Time Machine is application program released by Apple on August 7, 2006 for storing backup copies of documents. To work with it in Mac OS X, the Time Capsule (access point) was released.
Time Machine creates every hour backup copy files on an external hard drive. Users have the ability to recover specific documents, photos, videos and other files.
Safari browser
Safari is a compact and minimalistic browser developed personally by Apple. It is included in the OS X and iOS operating systems.
Based on the free WebKit engine. It makes it possible to open several tabs in one window at once, search necessary information V search engines Google, Yahoo and Bing, block pop-ups and make filling out forms quicker.
Mail client for Mac
Apple Mail is a universal email client from Apple, present in OS X. Mail for Mac has the ability to support multiple accounts, filter incoming messages based on specified criteria, support postal services GMail, Yahoo! Mail, MobileMe and more.
Main feature mail client there is the creation of smart boxes (smart boxes), which make it possible to quickly search and find the necessary information and messages.
FaceTime
FaceTime is a unique video communication technology between owners Mac computers, iPhone phones, iPod Touch players and iPad tablets. It was developed by Apple and makes it possible to make video calls between supporting gadgets.
In order to make a video call you need to have account FaceTime and Internet access.
Games are computer programs, which are created based on films and books. - this is a set of the most popular genres: science fiction, action, shooters.
Specifications
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So, what is an operating system on a computer? OS is the most important thing software, which runs on a computer. It manages memory, processes, and all software and hardware. We can say that the OS is a bridge between a computer and a person. Because without an operating system, a computer is useless.
Apple Mac OS X
Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes pre-installed on all new Macintosh or Mac computers. Latest versions this operating system are known as OS X. Namely Yosetime(released in 2014), Mavericks (2013), Mountain Lion (2012), Lion(2011), and Show Leopard(2009). There is also Mac OS X Server, which is designed to run on servers.
According to general statistics from StatCounter Global Stats, the percentage of Mac OS X users is 9.5% of the operating system market, as of September 2014. This is much lower than the percentage Windows users(almost 90% ). One of the reasons for this is that Apple computers very expensive.
Linux
Linux is a family of open-source operating systems source code. This means they can be modified (changed) and distributed by anyone around the world. This makes this OS very different from others such as Windows, which can only be modified and distributed by the owner (Microsoft). The benefits of Linux are that it is free and there are many different versions to choose from. Each version has its own appearance, and the most popular ones are Ubuntu, Mint And Fedora.
Linux is named after Linus Torvalds, who laid the foundation for Linux in 1991.
According to StatCounter Global Stats, the percentage of Linux users is less than 2% of the operating system market, as of September 2014. However, due to flexibility and ease of configuration, most servers run on Linux.
Operating systems for mobile devices
All the operating systems we talked about above are designed for desktop and laptop computers, such as a laptop. There are operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices, such as phones, and MP3 players, for example, Apple, iOS, Windows Phone And Google Android. In the picture below you can see Apple iOS running on an iPad.
Of course, they are not as functional as computer operating systems, but they are still capable of performing many basic tasks. For example, watching movies, browsing the Internet, running applications, games, etc.
That's all. Leave in the comments what operating system you use and why you like it
It is the 11th version of Apple's desktop operating system. OS X 10.0 was released back in 2001 and over all these years a lot of things have changed, added and improved. I suggest you look through the illustrated history of OS X and remember all the milestones in its development.
OS X 10.0 Cheetah (03/2001)
Oddly enough, OS X began with a bear, not a cat: in September 2000, Apple showed Kodiak, the first public version of Mac OS 10. It was a paid version, you could try it by paying $30.
The release version of OS X 10.0 came out six months later. It introduced a new Aqua interface and the first versions of such applications as TextEdit, Preview, Mail and QuickTime. The new version of OS X had unprecedented requirements for those times (!) 128 MB of RAM and 800 MB of disk space.
OS X 10.1 Puma (09/2001)
Just 6 months later, Puma comes out. Instead of introducing new features, Apple focused on improving OS performance. After the release of Mac OS 10.1.2, all new computers began to ship with OS X on board, replacing OS 9.
OS X 10.2 Jaguar (08/2002)
Jaguar introduced applications such as iChat and Contacts. It also introduced universal access, which made it easier to use the computer for people with poor hearing and vision. In addition, in 10.2 the logo displayed at startup was replaced: instead of the smiling Mac, the familiar apple appeared.
OS X 10.3 Panther (10/2003)
The browser has been replaced in Panther: Microsoft Internet Explorer for Mac gave way to Safari. Also included in this version is the Exposé function, which improves work with multiple applications.
OS X 10.4 Tiger (04/2005)
With Tiger, Mac OS has acquired the indispensable Spotlight search and Dashboard, containing various widgets. Also, the release of 10.4 was marked by the transition to Intel processors.
OS X 10.5 Leopard (10/2007)
Leopard came out after a very long break, during which time Apple was busy developing and releasing the iPhone and iOS. But 10.5 became iconic, it introduced a system Reserve copy Time Machine and support for 64-bit applications. In addition, users were able to install other operating systems using Boot Camp.
OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (08/2009)
As expected, Snow Leopard became a successor to its predecessor, but Apple added a very important feature - the Mac App Store. Also, 10.6 marked the end of the PowerPC era - from now on only Intel processors were supported.
OS X 10.7 Lion (07/2011)
The biggest cat and king of all animals, Lion, was the first version of Mac OS that was not supplied on CD or DVD. Downloaded from the Mac App Store, this OS brings many features from iOS: gestures, Launchpad and more. New service iCloud also debuted on the Mac with OS X 10.7.
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion (07/2012)
In Mountain Lion, the symbiosis between Apple's two operating systems became even stronger: the Message app appeared on the Mac, replacing iChat, Reminders and Notification Center.
OS X 10.9 Mavericks (10/2013)
With Mavericks, Apple introduced a new naming system for OS X, moving away from cats to beautiful places in California. 10.9 became free for all Mac owners and Apple promised to continue this approach in the future. New apps in OS X Mavericks include Maps and iBooks.
OS X 10.10 Yosemite (10/2014)
With Yosemite, Apple completely redesigned the design, making it flat and transparent, more similar to iOS. New features in 10.10 include Handoff, which allows users to conveniently switch between devices while continuing where they left off.
MacOS (Macintosh Operating System listen)) is a family of operating systems produced by Apple for its line of personal computers Macintosh.
The system was one of the first to provide the user with a visual GUI instead of a difficult to understand command line.
Mac OS was first introduced with the first Macintosh computer in 1984. The term "Mac OS" only began to be used in the mid-90s.
TO THE POINT:From 1984 to 2001, Apple released operating systems with System 1 before Mac OS 9. They are considered classic. Released in 2000 Mac OS X, which later received its own separate numbering.
System 1.0 (1984)
The very first version of the system provided the user with access to a user-friendly graphical interface.
Even then, Jobs’ team managed to make clear interaction with elements in windowed mode. In fact, modern operating systems differ from System 1.0 only in graphics and additional features.
System 2.0 – 6.0 (1985-1988)
During this period, the system acquired additional features, settings and standard applications. The developers have added a full-fledged hierarchical file system.
The main efforts were made to adapt the OS to new components and devices. Support for expansion slots appeared, peripheral devices, new processors and more capacious drives.
Only in System 5 was a full-fledged multitasking model implemented, which made it possible to allocate system resources to running background applications.
System 7.0 – 7.6 (1991-1996)
operating system received the first global upgrade for the first time in seven years of existence.
Users saw a colorful interface. Most system applications and settings were dominated by shades of gray, but some elements became colored.
Multitasking took on a complete form and was practically no different from what we use on modern Macs.
In subsequent updates, the developers eliminated shortcomings, added support for new components and built new applications into the system. These were both Apple's own developments and software purchased from third-party developers.
System 8 (1997)
The system was released in the summer of 1997 after Jobs returned to Apple. The system was initially supposed to continue the old numbering and come out with an index of 7.7.
During difficult times for the company, Jobs decided to do something different. Apple officially discontinued System 7, which at the time was available for installation on third-party computers.
So the company decided to do away with Apple clone computers. Since then, the company's operating system has been officially installed only on computers of its own production.
Apple reported 1.2 million copies of System 8 sold in the first two weeks after release and another 3 million licenses sold over the next 6 months.
System 8 itself didn't have many changes. Interface elements received more colors and shades, design themes and a new control panel appeared.
Mac OS 9 (1999)
Mac OS 9 was the last major update classic versions Mac OS. The release took place on October 23, 1999.
The developers logically developed the ideas laid down in previous versions, and early builds of Mac OS 9 were called System 8.7.
Mac OS 9 allowed multiple computer users to have their own data and system settings. Data encryption technology has appeared Keychain, work with remote network servers and improved support for the USB protocol.
The latest update to the classic Mac OS was version 9.2.2, released on December 5, 2001.
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah (2001)
The first system of the modern Mac OS line was released in March 2001. Until 2012, the family was called “Mac OS X”, then until 2016, updates received the simplified name “OS X”, and in recent years the company has returned to the classic “macOS”.
Mac OS X was essentially the successor to Mac OS 9, but, unlike classic systems, it was based on Unix. The system has a place for many of the company’s developments NeXT late 80s early 90s.
The company was founded by Jobs, and one of his conditions for returning to Apple was the absorption of the smaller NeXT by the apple giant.
OS X 10.0 Cheetah introduced a redesigned GUI Aqua, new applications have appeared TextEdit, Preview, Mail And QuickTime.
To operate, the system required 128 MB of RAM and 800 MB of storage space, which was considerable for those times.
Many users criticized the system for the lack of support for drivers for peripheral devices from Mac OS 9. OS X 10.0 was more demanding and performed less efficiently on older hardware than previous versions of the system.
Mac OS X 10.1 Puma (2001)
Just six months after Cheetah, Apple is releasing a major update to Mac OS X 10.1 Puma.
The main emphasis was placed on increasing productivity and optimizing the operation of hardware. Since the fall of 2001, all new Apple computers have been sold with Mac OS X 10.1 pre-installed; before that, many models were equipped with the old Mac OS 9.
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar (2002)
The developers have focused on expanding communication capabilities. Appears in the system iChat And The address book.
Users with disabilities received a block of special options for the first time Universal access.
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther (2003)
Apple has perfected its own browser Safari, which has become the default web viewer in new version Mac OS X
The emphasis was on comfortable work with multiple applications and workspaces. The system has a mode Expose.
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger (2005-2007)
The release of a new version of the operating system coincided with the transition of computer production to the platform Intel. Apple decided to increase the cycle of major updates from one year to two.
From April 2005 to November 2007, more than 10 versions of Mac OS X 10.4 were released with minor innovations, compatibility and performance improvements.
Users saw universal search for the first time Spotlight and panel Dashboard with widgets.
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard (2007-2009)
The company spent the next two years updating and supporting Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard. Even the parallel development of iPhone OS (iOS) for the first iPhone did not prevent the addition of a number of key features.
A convenient backup tool appeared Time Machine, service Boot Camp made it possible to run other operating systems on the Mac, and Mac OS itself acquired support for 64-bit programs.
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (2009-2011)
The code name, slightly different from the previous one, hinted that the developers did not make major changes to the system, but were only working on polishing the existing features and capabilities.
In Mac OS X 10.6 we saw the App Store for the first time Mac App Store.
Meanwhile, Apple finally abandoned the architecture PowerPC and switched to processors Intel. Snow Leopard OS did not support PowerPC.
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion (2011-2012)
The company cleaned things up a bit with iOS and returned to the annual cycle Mac updates OS. The desktop system inherited several new features from the mobile one.
Mac OS X 10.7 introduced convenient gestures for working with most standard applications and the system. Cloud service debuted iCloud.
Since version Lion Mac The OS was no longer distributed on CD or DVD; software was downloaded only over the network.
Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion (2012-2013)
Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks (2013-2014)
Apple has moved away from the usual OS naming system, which in the Mac OS X line was previously chosen by the name of species from the cat family. Now the operating system was named after famous places in California.
Users received analogues mobile applications Cards And iBooks, improved support for multiple displays, and the ability to use Apple TV as a full screen for your Mac.
The update is now free for the first time. The company promised to continue to distribute the OS free of charge.
Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite (2014-2015)
This version will be remembered primarily for its serious redesign. The rejection of skeuomorphism following iOS contributed to the convergence and closer integration of desktop and mobile OS, which already had general applications and services.
Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan (2015-2016)
PARC already had a computer with a graphics platform, which in those years was a real breakthrough in the history of operating systems. However, the center’s specialists used it only for their own needs and either did not see any commercial use or simply did not plan it.
Apple was able to combine existing developments and its own ideas and create the first graphical operating system accessible to a wide range of people. This concept was very consistent with the main idea for Apple at that time - creating a computer accessible to everyone. Available both in technical terms and in terms of price possibilities.
As we mentioned above, the first version of Mac OS was released back in 1984, and it already had the window interface and file folders that are well known to us today. In addition, a special manipulator device was developed that made it possible to move the cursor across the entire area of the screen, and it was called, you guessed it, a computer mouse. All this worked out perfectly main task, which the developers of Mac OS set for themselves, namely, to create an operating system with an intuitive interface that anyone, even the most untrained user, can comfortably manage. 
System versions of the platform from 2.0 to 5.X were released between 1985 and 1988, and all these versions essentially differed little from each other, they contained only minor, not very significant improvements. Perhaps the most important option that appeared during that period was the multifinder, which made it possible to open several programs at the same time.
This version of the platform was introduced in 1991 and deserves special mention. Version 7.0 has been significantly improved and brought with it quite a few significant additions. Firstly, color highlighting of title bars and scrolls appeared; also in 7.0, the multifinder became installed by default, and single-tasking funder became history. In addition, the icons became 256-color, and support for multimedia functions, Internet communications and QuickTime was improved.
In the history of this version, two updates can be noted:
The operating system was introduced in 1997, it brought significant improvements in multimedia and Internet compatibility. In addition, it has updated icons, the so-called “platinum” interface, which were borrowed from the unsuccessful project to develop the next-generation platform “Copeland”. A new one was also presented here file system HFS+, as well as an improved installer system. It was with this version of the platform that the pre-installation of Microsoft Internet Explorer began, which continued right up to version Mac OS X 10.3. In the "eight" one can especially highlight the update:
The developers did their best; the system has been improved in almost all parts. In particular, 32-bit platinum icons and new system registration Now the user was able to choose a “topic” according to his preferences. Sherlock also appeared - a special program for convenient searching on the Internet and local files. Additionally, 8.5 was the first version that did not support the 68k Macintosh. 
- Mac OS 9
The system was introduced in 1999 and it became a true classic - the pinnacle technical capabilities, stability and speed of the Mac OS operating system of that time. Here are just some of the most significant changes that Mac OS 9 brought:
Improved appearance control panel;
Improved audio control panel;
Ability to burn CDs in Finder;
Keychains feature, which makes it possible to store all user passwords in so-called secure “keychains”.
Mac OS 9, by the way, can still be found on some Macintoshes even today.
Mac OS, of course, brought enormous success to Apple, and the Macintosh gained unprecedented popularity. However, time never stands still and at one point Apple realized that it was time for global change.
In March 2000, the world was presented with a radically new, tenth version of Mac OS X, which was very far from Mac OS 9 and did not even support software intended for Apple “classics”. The developers completely rewrote the program code, which was based on the Nextstep operating system.
Dashboard - a selection of programs for desktops - widgets;
Smart Folders - smart folders whose contents are automatic mode files that meet certain user-specified criteria become available;
Automator, which helped simplify repetitive tasks simple actions through macros;
Safari, Quick Time, VoiceOver, etc. have also been significantly improved.
In 10.5, QuickLook appeared, which made it possible to view the contents of files without the need to open applications associated with them. The Spaces application made it possible to add virtual desktops to the system, on which you could pin windows of applications and programs, and then quickly switch between them.
The Boot Camp program allowed on Macs with Intel processor install Windows as a second platform. The Screen Sharing application, through which users of two Macs could create a single “desktop” - today it is called iChat. The Back To My Mac feature made it possible remote connection subscribers of the MobileMe service.
In addition to new functions, almost all have undergone significant improvements. system applications: Automator, Dashboard, iCal, Mail, Photo Booth, Safari, etc.
Version 7 was released on July 20, 2011. Compared to previous version in 10.7 the developers made many changes:
IChat has expanded its boundaries and now supports communication with Yahoo! users. It is now possible to share unique Emoji icons;
Lion Recovery Disk Assistant allows you to recover your system without a physical disk.
Filter programs that the user opens and block dangerous ones;
Version 9 released on October 22, 2013. Updated version Supports multiple monitors and also allows you to use Apple TV as a monitor. All documents are now assigned tags, which simplify the search procedure. Updated: calendar, Safari browser, map application, notification center. Password data can be synchronized with cloud service iCloud.
Well, if we take into account all the advantages of Mac OS, the reader will probably have a reasonable question: why is it still not as popular as its main competitor, known to everyone
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