Wine (WINE Is Not an Emulator) – special program, a compatibility layer for running Win32 applications on UNIX-like systems. Simply put, this thing allows you to run Windows programs and games in your cozy Linux :).
The program is actively developing, but so far, unfortunately, not all applications work correctly in it (and some do not work at all). It’s also sad with games so far - there is no full support for DirectX 10 and 11, only 9 and younger. (DirectX 10 support is being actively improved in the latest test builds). But nevertheless, there are a lot of games on DirectX 9. In this article, we will install and configure Wine, and also install the PlayOnLinux application, which is very useful for games. The installation will depend on your distribution, but the program setup itself is absolutely the same in the vast majority of distributions. There are two branches of Wine - stable and test. In most cases, it is recommended to use the test one, since the program is actively developing and improving. For now, let's look at installing the stable version (examples are for the command line, but you can use graphical utilities such as Ubuntu Software Center or Yast2 in OpenSUSE):
For Debian/Ubuntu/Mint:
sudo apt-get install wine winetricks
For OpenSUSE:
sudo zypper ar -r http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine/openSUSE_13.1/Emulators:Wine.repo
sudo zipper in wine
sudo yum install wine
cd /tmp
wget http://www.kegel.com/wine/winetricks
chmod +x winetricks
Note. If you have a 64-bit system, then for 32-bit programs to work correctly (and most games are like that), you need to configure Wine with a 32-bit prefix. To do this we enter:
WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/.wine winecfg
The settings window will open. You can leave everything as is.
Now we need to install the kit system libraries for the operation of our Windows applications. In the programs menu, find and run Winetricks(or from the terminal with the command winetricks). In the first window select ---Select the default wineprefix--- making money OK. In the second ---install a Windows DLL or component---OK
Remember:
You will need to mark with dots, as in the list. It is better to install not all at once, but several at a time. I'll separate them for convenience. Don't go far when installing, you need to agree with licensing agreements and so on. Error windows will pop up, click OK. Let's begin.
directx9, d3dx9, d3dx9_26, d3dx9_28, d3dx9_31, d3dx9_35, d3dx9_36, d3dx9_42, d3dx9_43, d3dx10, d3dx11_42, d3dx11_43, d3dxof, devenum, dinput8, dirac, directmusic, directplay , dmsynth
dotnet20
dotnet30(errors will appear and a window will open in the file manager and browser, download from the second link and move it to this window file manager. Type in the console winetricks and again select dontnet30. Before doing this, you need to check the Wine Settings so that the version of Windows XP or Vista is installed.
dxdiagn, gecko120, gfw, mfc40, mfc42, msasn1, msxml6, gdiplus, physx, quartz
vb5run, vb6run, vcrun2003, vcrun2005, vcrun2008, vcrun6, vcrun6sp6
wmp10, wsh56vb, wsh57, xact, xact_jun2010, xinput
Let's install the fonts. Choose Install a Font and indicate
corefonts, fontfix
Registry settings
Opening Change Settings and celebrate
1. DirectDrawRender(ddr) -- openglWe confirm our changes - OK.
2. Multisampling Direct3D -- enabled
3. OffscreenRenderingMode(orm) -- fbo
4. PixelShaderMode(psm) -- enabled
5. Render TargetLockMode(rtlm) -- auto
6. UseGLSL(glsl) -- enabled (default) (For Nvidia video cards It is recommended to leave it disabled. This can significantly improve the performance of some games).
7. VertexShaders(vsm) -- hardware
8. VideoMemorySize 1024 (select the RAM value of your video card)
9. MouseWarpOverride(mwo) -- enabled (force)
That's all. Now some notes on installing software and games. First of all, do not under any circumstances install additional software that the program offers (all sorts of directixes, visual c++, and so on). Check them carefully and if something happens, uncheck them. Secondly, at the end of the installation, uncheck “Run the program”.
Now regarding the test version. There is a special repository for Ubuntu/Mint. To connect it and install a test version of Wine, enter in the terminal:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install wine 1.7 winetricks
In some distributions (for example Debian), to install the test version, it must be compiled from source code. But this is beyond the scope of this article. Or you can install, which is also a test but has a few additional features.
P.S. For those who like to see once is worth reading a hundred times - a short video tutorial on installing a test version of Wine on Ubuntu:
For operating systems on Linux based A huge number of programs have been written. Despite this, sometimes it becomes necessary to launch Windows programs under Linux. This mainly applies to games and some specialized programs that have no analogues in Linux. In addition, some users, switching from Windows to Linux, are already accustomed to a certain set of software and want to use it in the future. In this case, it is still preferable to find similar programs for Linux and master them, since the programs usually work better and more stable in the native operating system. Therefore, we recommend running Windows programs under Linux only after you are sure that there are no analogues of the required programs under Linux, or they are not suitable for you.
You can run a program written for Windows on Linux in several ways: using Wine and products based on it, using virtual machines and emulators: VirtualBox, VMware, Parallels Workstation, QEMU. Theoretically, it is still possible to port programs from Windows to Linux if you have the source code and programming skills, but we will not consider this option here.
Programs running under Wine usually run faster than in virtual machines. This is especially true for modern 3D games. Wine does not require installation of an operating system and allows you to quickly change the system version, libraries and other parameters. You can run programs directly in the Linux environment. On the other hand, you will still have to spend some time to configure Wine, and perhaps more than once when launching individual programs and games. The virtual machines run the original Windows versions and other operating systems that need to be pre-installed and configured. The system is allocated certain computer resources and standard equipment is emulated. Before executing the program, you must first launch the emulator and load the operating system, which requires additional time. It should be noted that some programs are protected from running under virtual machines.
Installing Wine
Open the terminal using a key combination Ctrl+Alt+T. Add a repository with Wine with the command:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
Enter the administrator password. During the installation process you will need to press the " Enter».
If you upgrade your system, for example, upgrading Ubuntu 13.10 to Ubuntu 14.04, you will have to repeat the above operation after the upgrade, since non-standard repositories are deleted during the upgrade process.
After adding the repository, update the package information:
sudo apt-get update
Now you can install Wine with the command:
sudo apt-get install wine1.7
The latest, at the time of writing, test version of the program will be installed. To install an older, but more stable version, you need to run the command:
sudo apt-get install wine1.6
Perhaps, when you read this article, newer versions will already appear, then instead of wine1.6 or wine1.7, you will need to install wine1.8 or wine1.9. The current version number is listed on the official Wine website: http://www.winehq.org
Although you don't have to specify a version during installation, the version of Wine in this case will depend on the version of the operating system:
sudo apt-get install wine
You can check which version is installed using the command:
wine --version
Setting up Wine
After installation, you need to configure the program with the command:
winecfg
Rice. 1. Winecfg settings window
This command will create a .wine directory in the user's home directory, where there will be system files with settings - analog Windows registry and drive_c is the directory for Windows applications. Using winecfg, you can select default Windows versions and for individual applications, library versions, configure graphics and sound, desktop integration, and select drives from which Windows programs can be launched.
You can edit the registry using the usual command:
Rice. 2. Regedit window under Wine
After this initial setup, you can already install and run programs using Wine. But many programs will not work because they require certain libraries, fonts, etc., which will have to be installed separately. To do this, we will use the winetricks program, which is included in standard package Wine programs. Winetricks, in addition to fonts and libraries, also allows you to install popular programs and games and configure Wine.
Let's try to install Internet Explorer 7 using winetricks, to do this we type in the terminal:
winetricks ie7
Let's wait a while for it to download necessary files and the installer program will start, click the “Next” button and wait for the installation to complete. To launch Internet Explorer later, you will need to run the command:
wine "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore"
But it is better to run programs from their native directory. Go to the directory (if there is a space in the file name, then you need to put a backslash “\” in front of it):
cd ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Internet\ Explorer/
And run the program:
wine iexplore.exe
To avoid typing these commands every time, you can create simple script. Go to the home directory:
Create the ie.sh file using nano editor:
nano ie.sh
Paste the lines into the file:
cd ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Internet\ Explorer/ wine iexplore.exe
Save the file - Ctrl+O and exit the editor - Ctrl+X. Making the file executable:
chmod +x ie.sh
Now to launch ie just type:
~/ie.sh
Or you can copy the file to your desktop and run it with the mouse:
cp ie.sh ~/Desktop/
Installing a program from a CD or DVD can be done using the following command:
wine start "D:\setup.exe"
You can install other programs and libraries in the same way. You can also use the program's graphical interface by typing winetricks without parameters. Then select “Select the default wineprefix”.
Rice. 4. Select winetricks action
And check the boxes for the libraries that need to be installed. You can do the same using the command line, for example:
winetricks d3dx9 dotnet20
Thus, we will install two components at once: d3dx9 and dotnet20. To ensure that popular fonts are displayed correctly in programs, install them:
winetricks allfonts
Libraries are a little more complicated. Various programs may require separate settings, specific Windows versions and libraries. To do this, you can create multiple Wine configurations by specifying the settings directory using environment variable WINEPREFIX. By default WINEPREFIX=~/.wine To create new settings in the ~/.wine2 directory, type:
WINEPREFIX=~/.wine2 winecfg
Thus, any number of configurations can be created. To configure and install fonts and libraries, type:
WINEPREFIX=~/.wine2 winetricks
To run the installed program:
WINEPREFIX=~/.wine2 "C:/path/to/program/program.exe"
You can terminate the program using the command:
killall -9 program.exe
And to shut down all programs running under Wine, you need to type:
wineserver -k
To remove settings and all programs in the ~/.wine2 prefix, you just need to delete the directory:
rm -r ~/.wine2
You can also delete the main Wine directory in the same way:
rm -r ~/.wine
Be careful, this will also remove all Windows applications that are installed in this directory!
winefile- launch a file manager, with which you can launch Windows applications, copy and delete files, etc. You can find out which applications and games run under Wine and how to make settings for specific applications on the website: http://appdb.winehq.org/ The site is in English. To search for applications, you need to select “Browse Apps” in the menu and enter the name of the program in the “Name” field. Versions of programs that launch and run without errors or with minor problems are rated “Platinum” or “Gold”. If the program does not work at all, then it is assigned a "Garbage" rating.
PlayOnLinux
PlayOnLinux is a program that greatly simplifies the installation and configuration of Windows applications to run under Wine. It automatically downloads from the Internet and installs all the necessary components to run specific programs, as well as the programs themselves, if they are distributed free of charge via the Internet. Otherwise, you will need installation disk with the program. We install the program in any way, for example in Ubuntu with the command:
sudo apt-get install playonlinux
and run it:
playonlinux
Using the program is extremely simple. Click the “Install” button.
Rice. 5. PlayOnLinux main window
Select the program to install. If you don’t find the program you need in the selection window, you can try clicking “Install a program that is not in the list” at the bottom of the window.
Rice. 6. PlayOnLinux program selection window
All you have to do is click the “Next” button several times, and in some cases select the program configuration. After installation, program shortcuts will appear in the main PlayOnLinux window, from where they can be launched by double-clicking or by clicking on the “Launch” button. You can also create shortcuts to Windows programs on your desktop using the Shortcut button.
Rice. 7. PlayOnLinux main window with installed Windows program FireFox
Other Wine-based programs
There are also paid software products based on Wine. CrossOver allows you to run various Microsoft versions Office, Adobe Photoshop and many other programs and games. is aimed mainly at supporting popular business programs: 1C:Enterprise, ConsultantPlus, GARANT and others. You can get acquainted with these programs on the official websites: http://www.codeweavers.com/products/ http://etersoft.ru/products/wine
VirtualBox
VirtualBox is one of the most popular virtualization programs that allows you to run different operating systems simultaneously on one computer. Installing VirtualBox in Ubuntu you can do in a standard way by typing in the terminal:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dkms
sudo apt-get install virtualbox
You can download VirtualBox for various operating systems here: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads. After the installation is complete, add the user to the vboxusers group; instead of username, you must specify the correct user name under which VirtualBox will work:
sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers username
Now you can run the program through the menu, or by typing in the terminal:
virtualbox
Rice. 8. VirtualBox Manager with already installed operating systems
Now let's install the operating system; for this you need to have an installation disk or its image. Click the “Create” button and the wizard for creating a new virtual machine will start:
Rice. 9. New Virtual Machine Wizard
Click the “Forward” button, enter the name of the virtual machine, for example “Windows XP”, and below select the appropriate type and version of the operating system:
Rice. 10. Selecting the operating system version
We chose Windows XP because it is less demanding on computer resources, takes up less space, and loads faster. But support for this system has already been officially discontinued. Naturally, you can install other versions of Windows that VirtualBox supports: Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012. Next, select the amount of RAM that will be allocated to the virtual machine:
Rice. 11. Selecting memory capacity
The choice depends on the OS version, the amount of physical memory, planned tasks, and the number of guest systems running simultaneously. Depending on the operating system version, VirtualBox will offer various parameters by default, but they are usually minimal, it is advisable to increase them. In any case, for normal operation of modern operating systems, you need at least 1-2 Gigabytes of RAM (512 MB is enough for Windows XP) and you still need to leave memory for the main host system. Next, create a new virtual HDD or select those already created earlier.
Rice. 12. Virtual hard disk
On the next screen, select the disk type, standard VDI by default.
Rice. 14. Selecting virtual disk attributes
Specify the disk size, leaving the location as default (the disk will be located in the folder ~/VirtualBox VMs/System name.
Rice. 15. Selecting the location and size of the virtual disk
All that remains is to click the “Create” button.
Rice. 16. The last stage of creating a new virtual machine
The virtual machine has been created. Select it in the VirtualBox manager and click the “Properties” button.
Rice. 17. System selection
Here you can configure the created virtual machine in detail. First of all, you need to specify the disk from which we will install the system. To do this, click on “Media” on the left, select an empty disk, click on the disk icon on the right and specify the distribution image, or check the “Live CD/DVD” box and insert a physical disk.
Rice. 18. Selecting an installation disk
Rice. 19. System settings
If the speed of working with graphics is important, go to the “Display” tab, increase the amount of video memory and enable acceleration.
Rice. 20. Configuring display settings
Go back to VirtualBox Manager and click the “Start” button. Next, we install the system as usual. After installing the guest system, load it and in the “Devices” menu select “Install guest OS additions.” Instead, you can press the key combination right Ctrl+D. After installing the add-ons, the system will be ready for use.
Rice. 21. Installed and ready to go Windows system XP in VirtualBox
The guest operating system is loaded after starting VirtualBox using the “Start” button. The mouse pointer switches between the main and guest systems automatically, but you can force it using the button right Ctrl(Host key - can be changed in settings) and right Ctrl+I. This same button, in combination with various keys, performs a number of functions:
Host key+F- switch to full screen mode and back.
Host key+Del- replaces the combination Ctrl+Alt+Del.
Host key+I- disable mouse integration.
Host key+C- switch to scaling mode, in which you can set an arbitrary window size, return to standard mode occurs using the same key combination.
Host key+D- installation of guest operating system add-ons.
Host key+T- take a photo, save the OS state. You can restore the system from a saved state in the main window of the VirtualBox manager by clicking on the “Snapshots” button. A very convenient function for fighting viruses, testing and debugging programs that can damage the system. You can always roll back the system to a stable state.
Host key+S- open the settings window.
Host key+R- reboot the system.
Host key+Q- close virtual machine(log out).
Wine(/waɪn/ - between "wine" and "vine") is free software that allows users of UNIX-like x86 systems (and other architectures, if compatible, for example, AMD64) to run 16- and 32-bit applications Microsoft Windows(64-bit applications are in early implementation). Wine also provides programmers with the Winelib program library, which they can use to compile Windows applications for porting to UNIX-like systems. The name Wine is a recursive acronym and stands for “Wine Is Not an Emulator” (meaning that Wine is not a computer emulator, like qemu or VirtualBox, Wine is an alternative implementation of the Windows API).
4. Install WINE on Ubuntu
Sudo apt-get install wine
After executing this command, all necessary packages will be downloaded, installed and configured, however, it is worth considering that in the official Ubuntu repositories, as a rule, is located old version WINE. To access the latest releases, you need to connect a third-party WINE repository. How to do this is described at http://www.winehq.org/download/deb. Then you should run “sudo apt-get update” and install WINE using the above command. You can configure WINE by running the winecfg command (or from the “Wine” menu in “Applications”, run “Configure Wine”).
There are two ways to launch Microsoft Windows applications: from the console, which is a more flexible method, since you can specify additional launch parameters in the line; through GUI user. In the first case in command line you need to do something like this:
Wine -keys /home/user/program.exe
- wine - WINE execution command,
- -keys - the keys that you want to pass to the program for execution,
- /home/user/ - the directory in which the program is located,
- program.exe - executable Windows file.
After installing WINE on the system, Windows executable files can be launched by clicking right key mouse and selecting the menu item “open with “WINE”. If you installed a Windows program in WINE, it will appear in the newly created special “Wine” menu in “Applications”, as shown in the picture.
The official WINE website has a special database that displays the performance of one or another popular Windows application, thanks to which you can find out in advance whether your favorite or necessary program. The web interface to the database is located on the website http://appdb.winehq.org/
5. Graphical shell for Wine -q4wine
Needed primarily for relief various processes and for easier launch of Windows applications.
q4wine integrates a very convenient browser for Windows applications that have already been launched in Wine previously. This way you can easily launch the application you need.
Also, using q4wine you can access system processes, the system registry of emulated Windows, startup, etc.
Description of q4wine
- q4wine is a graphical shell for Wine that makes installing Windows applications easier and faster.
- q4wine has a built-in browser based on applications running in Wine - Wine AppDB.
- Through q4wine you can conveniently manage running system processes windows applications.
- It is possible to mount disk images. Supported formats: iso, nrg, mdf.
- You can run a Windows application in a different version of Wine of your choice.
- You can set the priority of running system processes.
- The choice of icons from *.dll and *.exe is supported.
- With q4wine you can easily create and edit a Wine prefix (WINEPREFIX). You can also create backup copy created prefix and roll it back.
- You can easily launch the system registry of emulated Windows, the system console (cmd), the Install/Remove applications window.
- All actions in the q4wine program are recorded in a log. In case of an unfortunate combination of circumstances or erroneous actions, you can view your last actions.
- The q4wine graphical shell is written in Qt, so it looks good and harmonious in any graphical environment.
Installation
To install q4wine on Ubuntu you need to add an additional repository:
There are 2 versions of the project in the repository: stable and unstable, which can be installed accordingly:
You can install your choice of version: stable and unstable:
| sudo apt-get install q4wine |
| sudo apt-get install q4wine-unstable |
Methods for installing q4wine on other operating systems can be found at official page project.
After installation, q4wine can be launched via a shortcut Applications→System Utilities→q4wine
6. How it works
When you first launch Wine, it creates a .wine folder in your home directory. It contains registry files that store program settings, and the drive_c subdirectory. It acts as the C: drive for Windows applications launched using Wine. The files of the programs we installed are also located here. After installing the application, find its executable file in the .wine/drive_c folder. Then you can run the program. You can also create a shortcut on your desktop for these purposes. If Windows is installed on your computer, you can go to its directory (it is usually located in the /media or /mnt directory)
For example, for Adobe installations Photoshop 7 needs to be copied setup files from the distribution disk to Photoshop folder in your home directory, launch a terminal and run the following commands
CD Photoshop
wine Setup.exe
An installer window will appear that will guide us through all stages of the installation. He will copy Photoshop files V virtual folder Windows .wine/drive_c and will add information about it to the registry files (they are also located in the .wine folder). Once the installer is finished, we can launch Photoshop with the command
Wine .wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Adobe/Photoshop\ 7.0/photoshop.exe
That's all! Photoshop runs on Linux.
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Wine is a free, open source implementation software interface Windows. Wine is not an operating system or computer emulator, how can one characterize, for example, virtualization programs (VirtualBox, VmWare etc.), which is emphasized by the decoding of its name " Wine Is Not Emulator". Wine was created to reduce the degree of dependence on the activities and position of the corporation Microsoft, expanding the scope of application free operating systems due to the possibility launch programs for Windows.
Wine is not an emulator
In fact, Wine is a set of libraries and software tools that allows run Windows programs and similar to what she uses operating system from Microsoft. Part The Wine software distribution also includes programs for configuring it (), a registry editor, and a package of scripts, file manager, Notepad, etc. Quantity programs for Windows, which today already run using Wine quite large and constantly growing. At http://appdb.winehq.org there is a specialized database with marks on the compatibility of certain programs with Wine. Among the fully compatible Wine programs many office and multimedia programs, programs for enterprises and organizations, "1C" including, programs for graphics processing (including some Adobe versions Photoshop and so on.). The number of supported and natively compatible Wine games.
Since emulation of any devices and when working Wine does not occur, the operating speed is compatible with Wine programs when using it, it is usually no lower than when working directly in Windows (and often higher).
Based on or using components Wine at different times projects such as Cedega(focused on launching games, Firstly), CrossOver(focused on launch application programs ) and so on.
Installing Wine
Wine software package most often included in modern Linux distributions(Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, openSUSE, etc.), and to search for it and installations You most likely need to contact management software your distribution.
Apt-get install wine In order to install WINE, execute in console as administrator, for Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, etc. zipper install wine wine-gecko For SUSE and openSUSE Linux.
Setting up Wine
For start Wine setup programs, call in the console or shortcut dialog, winecfg (use " if necessary) WINEPREFIX"). Winecfg configures appearance Windows programs for example, it makes it possible to change the version of a set of libraries Windows (2000, XP, 2003, Vista, ...) and so on.
Winetricks - additional settings, components and programs
Winetricks is a set of scripts written by developers Wine and the community, to facilitate changes to some hidden Wine settings, installations some additional system libraries ( DirecX etc.) and popular programs for Windows, including Internet Explorer ( I.E.), several demo games and so on.. Winetricks is usually included with the Wine distribution. To launch the main dialog box Wintricks run in the console, or the shortcut command dialog (key combination " Alt+F2"), command " winetricks". You can also use commands like winetricks directx9 in the console, where "directx9"- name of the component to be installed. To view a list of component categories offered Winetricks for installation, you can call winetricks list command, and for an overview of the lists of contents of the categories themselves - winetricks apps list , where "apps"- name of the desired category.
Running Windows programs in Wine
Way running programs in Wine typical for working with any files, be it an image, text file or executable exe file in our case: You can simply run Windows executable file (*.exe) from your file manager (by double-clicking, for example), or execute command in the console like wine ~/Downloads/program.exe . You also can run Windows programs through internal paths Wine, if they are in directories mounted as system drives when starting the required profile ("prefix") Wine(be it the standard "~/.wine/drive_c", or any other folders, customized You). In this case, the DOS address format is used programs wine C:\\Program\ Files\\programm.exe .
The backslash "\" is added before special characters such as backslash or space.
Installing Windows programs in Wine
For Windows program installation, You will accordingly need run its installer: wine setup.exe Next you will need to go through the standard procedure installation of programs for Windows, which most often involves clicking the “Next” button multiple times. One of the most interesting functional features Wine lies in the possibility of using profiles, or so-called " prefixes", for installing programs - independent copies of sets of system libraries, programs and Windows settings . Standard prefix Wine, i.e. the folder in which the profile is written by default is ".wine" - hidden folder inside the user's home directory. To use a separate "prefix", You need to create for it new folder (to reset a profile - delete its contents) and use global variable export WINEPREFIX(possible as part of a team launching a Windows program, including for installers). For example WINEPREFIX="/home/user/.wine-programm" wine setup.exe . For installed programs Wine creates shortcuts in the local user (~/.local/share/applications/) menu desktop (Gnome, KDE, XFCE etc.), using the necessary prefixes.
Wine is special software that allows you to run applications created for Windows on UNIX-like systems, including Linux. I think, if not all, then many have heard about Wine. I also want to graphomaniacally on this topic. Many articles about Wine say that you need to press the pimp, pull the squiggle, and then the program (enter the name) will work. I would like to leave this aside and talk about Wine in general, what subtleties there are, and how to use it in general. At least that's what I was missing at first.
In many distributions, Wine is installed out of the box - just run double click on a file with the extension .exe, and, quite likely, everything will work. If this was not enough, then let's dive into the details.
How to find out which version of Wine is installed?
Open the console and run the command:
winecfg
In the window that opens, select the “About the program” tab, where what you are looking for is located.
Where can I get Wine and which version should I choose?
Regarding installation, I’ll just clarify that in many popular distributions Winetricks can be installed from repositories.
To run Winetricks for the default prefix, just run the command:
winetricks --gui
If you managed to create various prefixes, then use the command:
WINEPREFIX=~/.wine_example/ winericks --gui
Is there any program that will do all of the above for me?
There are, and there are two of them. Let's start with PlayOnLinux - https://www.playonlinux.com/ru/. This program contains a large number of scripts for installing various applications under Wine. Sometimes you need a distribution kit, in some cases PlayOnLinux will download it itself, and also create a separate prefix with the necessary Wine settings, download and install all the necessary components, etc. In the list of programs for “general educational purposes” there are also those that do not work. They are highlighted in red. The interface of PlayOnLinux is simple and in Russian.
The second option is paid and quite known solution CrossoOver (https://www.codeweavers.com/). Positioned as a commercial version of Wine. The product, on the one hand, is aimed at running office applications. On the other hand, just like PlayOnLinux, there are scripts for installing a large number of other applications, including games. Personally, I somehow didn’t really understand the “trick” of this program. It is not cheap, and besides, we are not talking about a “once and for all” purchase, but about a subscription: 12 months - $40. At the same time, having used the test version (you can do this too, if you wish), I saw that the programs I was interested in (in particular Microsoft Office, as well as some other little things) work no better than with “simple” Wine, and I didn’t buy CrossOver. I can’t help but notice that the new, 15th, version of CrossOver is approaching, in which we are promised a lot of new things - for example, a working Office 2013. How it will work is, of course, a big question. But in the meantime.
What's the result?
But in the end it's simple:
- have the latest version of Wine;
— if you have any difficulties with any program, don’t be lazy to visit AppDB and just read the forums. For example, on the forums of many MMOs there are special topics about running them under Wine;
— additional components, if needed, install using Winetricks;
— install particularly “heavy” software using a special prefix.
By the way, about additional components. Many people try to install DirectX under Wine, in most cases this is completely unnecessary. If the game complains about the absence of a specific library, just install it through Winetricks.
In general, use Wine carefully. There is no point in switching to Linux just to try to run all your usual programs under Wine.
Firstly, there is a lot of good native software in Linux, just search harder and you will definitely find what you are looking for. For example, I have already picked up ones to replace the ones I used in the “windows”.
Secondly, “Wine” brings with it not only applications for Windows, but also various problems inherent in this platform. For example viruses. And given the fact that applications running under Wine have access to your home directory... Some, as far as I know, even install antiviruses under Wine. But this, it seems to me, is completely overkill.
You just need to be careful and not install everything. I run two games under Wine, and also, from time to time, the 7-zip archiver - I can’t find an analogue for Linux that suits me completely.
In contrast to the warnings, I would like to say that the mere presence of such software as Wine opens up many opportunities, especially if you take into account the fact that in Lately Wine is improving literally before our eyes.
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