Mac OS is short for Macintosh Operating System, that is, the operating system for Apple Macintosh computers. According to legend, the name Macintosh came from the favorite variety of apples of Jeff Raskin, then a leading Apple developer (they were actually called McIntosh, but this trademark was already busy). X is the Roman numeral 10: the first version of Mac OS X was also the tenth version of Mac OS. In addition, X hints at the Unix-based OS X family of operating systems, which, in addition to the regular and server versions of Mac OS X, includes Apple TV OS (the OS for the Apple TV media center) and Apple iOS(OS for iPod, iPhone and iPad).
When did Mac OS appear?
Apple has been using Mac OS since 1984, when the first Apple Macintosh computer was introduced. True, then the operating system was also known as Macintosh System Software. At that time, Apple's OS was far ahead of its competitors from the IBM PC world in terms of ease of use - it already had a graphical interface and a mouse in addition to the usual keyboard. All this made it possible to display texts on the monitor as they would look on paper after printing, and the user no longer needed to enter commands - for the first time he could simply select them with a mouse click. Finally, it was on Mac OS that multitasking was first used. Such features became available to PC owners only 6 years later, with the release of Windows 3.0 in 1990.
First Mac OS X
The first version of Mac OS X appeared in 2001. Since each version was named after a wild cat, the latest version, 10.6, is named Snow Leopard.
First Mac
The first version of Mac OS was released in 1984. Thanks to the graphical interface and the presence of a mouse, working with the Macintosh was much more convenient than with the IBM PC of that time.
What advantages does Mac OS X have over Windows?
Simple controls. Mac software is generally easier to use than Windows software. One example is iLife, which is installed on any Macintosh computer. It allows you to easily manage photos and music, process videos and burn the result to discs. Anyone who has mastered one of the programs for Mac OS X can easily cope with other software - applications for this operating system are much more similar to each other than programs for Windows.
Stable work. Mac OS X was designed specifically for Apple computers, so software glitches are less common.
Availability of drivers. There are many drivers included on the Mac OS X installation DVD. This saves time, for example when installing a printer. For comparison, Mac OS X contains more drivers for modern devices than Windows XP. But those that appeared later Windows Vista and the “seven” are no longer inferior to Apple’s OS in this parameter.
Small amount of malware. The list of viruses that attack Macintosh computers remains small. They can only cause harm when the user runs them double click mouse button. Programs that infect mail when reading letters or opening a web page are still unknown.
GUI
A
Programs. The most necessary programs, as in Windows, are located on the Quick Panel
launcher (Dock).
B Files. Frequently used files can also be placed individually or in groups on the Dock.
G Basket. To delete files and even programs, you just need to drag the corresponding icon to the Trash and release the mouse button.
D Menu line. Practical: in the Mac OS X operating system, only the menu bar of the currently active program is always visible.
E Information menu. In this menu, Mac OS X shows, for example, the quality of WLAN reception or the battery charge level.
Simple security confirmations. To make changes to Mac OS, such as updating the operating system or installing new program, usually the user only needs to enter a password. Windows is more demanding in such cases: it offers to perform several confirmatory actions.
iMac
With the iMac, all of your computer's components are hidden in the monitor. Apple offers two models - with a screen diagonal of 21.5 inches and 27 inches.
MacBook
Apple produces three series of laptops: MacBook (entry model), MacBook Pro and MacBook Air.
Mac mini
Mac mini It works very quietly and takes up no more space than a stack of CDs.
Easy installation. It doesn't matter whether we're talking about an operating system or a program - for Mac OS X this procedure is child's play. For example, the operating system is installed from a DVD with a few clicks. In addition, programs and files can be easily transferred from another installed Mac OS X
To install a new program, the user just needs to double-click on the image file and then drag the program icon to the appropriate folder hard drive. Only some Mac applications OS X requires an installation distribution, just like Windows. To remove a program, you usually just need to drag its icon to the Trash and release the mouse button. Labor-intensive and time-consuming uninstallation procedures are rare.
What are the disadvantages of Mac OS X compared to Windows?
Fewer selection of computers. Mac OS X is basically designed only for Apple computers. Now there are a huge number of options for Windows PCs from many manufacturers, but only Apple produces Macintoshes, so the range of such computers is quite narrow. As an alternative to the desktop PC, the company produces the iMac, all of the components of which are hidden in the monitor.
High price. Macintosh computers typically cost more than comparable PCs. The price of a desktop computer model – Mac mini – is from 22 thousand rubles). You will have to pay at least 35 thousand rubles for a laptop. – this is how much the cheapest MacBook costs. And if in the lower segment the difference is almost imperceptible, then the most powerful computers Apple PCs can cost twice as much as comparable PCs.
Fewer programs. The number of apps for Mac has increased in recent years, but the selection is still not as large as for Windows. Nevertheless, you can choose a suitable program for almost any task. You only need broadband Internet access, because it is very difficult to find and buy software for Mac on disk (especially legal ones).
Almost complete absence of games. They are developed primarily for consoles and Windows computers. Although the selection of games for Mac is very limited, there are some real gems, such as the flight simulator X-Plane 9 or the music game Guitar Hero 3.
These programs are included in Mac OS X Snow Leopard
On any Macintosh you can find a number of programs to solve problems and expand the functionality of the OS. These include applications similar to those used in Windows environment; Moreover, some programs are so popular that their versions subsequently appear for the Microsoft OS. These include, for example, music Center iTunes, with which you can copy tunes to MP3 players of the Apple iPod series. When choosing an Internet browser, many Mac OS users do not trust the pre-installed Safari; the fast and reliable Mozilla Firefox is more popular.
The address book : it can store extensive contact information, such as telephone numbers or postal and Internet addresses.
Automator: The program is responsible for performing routine tasks, such as processing 100 photos at a time and converting them to another format. This saves time and nerves.
Dashboard: like Side panel in Windows Vista, allows you to display small utility programs (so-called widgets), such as a current weather forecast or a calculator, on your desktop.
Finder: allows you to search, copy, move or delete files - similar Windows Explorer. With the built-in preview function, the user can view many files without launching specialized programs.
Garage Band: This recording software contains an extensive library of instruments and samples. It can work with multiple tracks. Managing the program is not difficult - even beginners will not have any difficulties.
iCal: Use iCal calendar software to manage your business schedule. iTunes programs, iSync, or the paid Mobile Me service let you automatically transfer your schedule to other devices, such as an iPod or cell phone.
iChat: A chat program for exchanging text, audio or video messages over the Internet.
iMovie: Provides very convenient video processing and editing. You can then burn the movie to DVD using iDVD.
iPhoto: Manages your photo archive and automatically organizes your photos into folders organized by when they were changed. Equipped with simple processing functions such as red-eye removal.
iTunes: Manages your music collection and helps you purchase music and videos from the iTunes Store. In addition, the program can copy music to iPod series MP3 players.
Safari: Apple's browser renders web pages quickly, and font smoothing improves text readability.
Spaces: Allows you to group all open program windows. Thanks to this, you can create a virtual desktop for any task.
Spotlight: The built-in search function very quickly searches for files, programs or mail, not only by names, but also by the contents of the files.
Time Machine: the utility automatically creates backup copy(Backup) data if you connect an external hard drive to your computer.
Preview: The program allows you to view images and documents, such as PDF files and JPEG photos.
What versions of Mac OS X are there?
There are two versions of Mac OS X: one version for desktops and laptops and another version for servers, which is called Mac OS X Server. All releases of the tenth Mac OS, except for the version number (from 10.0 to 10.6), are traditionally named after one of the representatives of the cat family.
Cheetah (cheetah) and Puma (cougar). The first version of Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah) was released in March 2001. The new OS was different from previous Mac OS systems and became something of a breakthrough for Apple. But at the same time, the new product contained many errors, and in addition, Mac OS X 10.0 lacked some functions. Therefore, the free update 10.1 (Puma) appeared almost immediately.
Jaguar (jaguar). Starting with version 10.2, graphics cards have learned to hardware accelerate the graphics shell - similar to the Aero technology in Windows Vista.
Panther (panther). Version 10.3 entered the operating system market in October 2003. Panther, among other things, implemented FileVault encryption technology.
Tiger (tiger). Apple introduced version 10.4 in April 2005. It has a very convenient Spotlight search function and Dashboard - a shell for mini-programs (so-called widgets).
Essential Windows programs and their alternatives for Mac OS X
When switching from Windows to Mac OS X, it is often impossible to use familiar programs without using additional software or creating a virtual environment. But today many popular apps for Windows are also available in a version for Mac, for example Microsoft Office, Google Picasa or Earth. For everyone else, you can choose a worthy replacement. For example installed on Mac software package iLife, which contains, among other things, multimedia applications iPhoto, iMovie and iDVD. The only thing missing is tax optimization software - currently there is only the free Elster for Mac OS X. If its capabilities are not enough, you will have to switch to a PC and Windows. The same applies to many specialized applications, with the possible exception of design ones.
Leopard (leopard). The next version was Mac OS X 10.5, released in October 2007. It introduced for the first time the Boot Camp companion application for Windows installations as a second OS, Time Machine data backup program, Quick Look file preview feature and other significant innovations.
Snow Leopard (snow leopard). On August 28, 2009, the latest version 10.6 was released, which can use more working memory (theoretically up to 16 TB). Many programs supplied with it received a 64-bit instruction set and began to work much faster. In addition, the version supports Intel processors - this means that the outdated PowerPC processors from Motorola are completely gone.
In addition to the serial number, versions are also assigned a second number, indicating which free updates and bug fixes were made, similar to Windows service packs. The latest Mac OS X update is 10.6.3.
Do only Apple computers run Mac OS X?
Mac OS X is intended only for installation on Apple computers license agreement prohibits its use on traditional PCs. However, you can easily find tutorials on the Internet for installing Mac OS X on a PC, most of which refer to the so-called OSx86 project. Its name comes from a combination of the names of the OS X family and the x86 microprocessor architecture used in PCs. Subsequently, personal computers with Mac OS X installed began to be called “hackintosh” (from the English hack and Macintosh).
This is how Windows works on Mac
The Boot Camp utility allows you to install Windows on any Mac with an Intel processor. After this, when starting the computer, the user must select the operating system that is needed at the moment.
This is done even easier using Parallels Desktop - the program installs Windows as a virtual machine under Mac OS X. The advantage of this two-in-one solution is that both operating systems can run simultaneously, thus ensuring convenient data exchange between programs on these systems . True, to work with a virtual environment, a Mac must have at least 2 GB random access memory.
The project originated in 2005, when Apple announced the transfer of its computers to Intel processors. In January 2006, the Mac OS X 10.4.4 update was released for the first generation of computers on Intel based, and literally a month later a hacked version of the OS appeared with the ability to install it on a PC. Despite opposition from Apple, the project developed quite successfully and now continues to operate.
Mac OS X, is certainly software excellence and a clear example of what the world's best desktop operating system should look like. But she wasn't always like this. The entire thorny path of development from System 1.0 to macOS 10.14 Mojave is in this material.
The Mac OS operating system was first introduced in 1984 along with the release of the first Macintosh computer.
First Macintosh (1984):
Mac OS (Macintosh Operating System) was among the first operating systems to offer users a convenient graphical interface instead of command line. From 1984 to 2001, versions of System 1 – Mac OS 9, which are considered classic, were released. Since 2000, the operating system has been called Mac OS X, and since 2016 - macOS.
With System 1.0, Apple implemented a user-friendly graphical interface. Already in the very first edition of the OS, the development team was able to make clear interaction with elements in windowed mode. In fact, more advanced versions of the operating system differ from their “ancestor” only in graphics quality and more advanced functionality.
During this period, the developers added additional features, settings and standard applications, also appeared hierarchical file system. The creators of the operating system paid special attention to its adaptation to new components and devices. In particular, the developers took care of supporting expansion slots, peripheral devices, new processors and more capacious drives. Note that a full-fledged multitasking panel appeared only in version System 5.
System 3.0
System 4.2
System 6.0
System 7.0 – 7.6 (1991-1996)
The OS received its first large-scale update only after seven years of existence. The upgrade brought a color interface, although many elements were still gray, some of them were colored. The developers have significantly improved the multitasking mode. In subsequent updates, Apple fixed bugs, added support for new components, and implemented new programs, both its own and from third-party developers. software.
This edition was released in the summer of 1997 after Steve Jobs rejoined Apple. It was originally assumed that a new version will continue the tradition and will be released under the number 7.7, but Jobs made a different decision. At that time, users could install System 7 on computers from other manufacturers. Apple decided to stop this practice and stopped releasing System 7. Since then, the Apple OS has been installed exclusively on Apple devices. In the first two weeks after the release of System 8, the company sold 1.2 million copies, and sold another three million in the next six months. It is noteworthy that System 8 has undergone only a few changes. For example, the company added more colors and shades to interface elements and provided the OS with new design themes and a control panel.
On October 23, 1999, Cupertino released version Mac OS 9, which became the latest update to the classic Mac OS. Users of this edition were able to store their information and install system settings. Among the innovations we should also note the appearance of data encryption using Keychain technology, the ability to work with remote servers and improved support for the USB protocol. The latest release took place on December 5, 2001. Mac updates OS 9.2.2.
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah (2000)
The first public beta version of OS X became available on September 13, 2000. The cost of the distribution was $30. The official version appeared six months later.
On March 24, 2001, the first official version OS X 10.0. Apple decided to take a radical step away from the classic perception of Macintosh operating systems. The brand new Aqua user interface was showcased. Applications such as TextEdit, Preview, Mail and QuickTime were used for the first time.
Cheetah was very demanding on hardware: 128 MB of RAM (unofficial minimum 64 MB) and 800 MB of free disk space (preferably 1.5 GB) were luxury items at that time. Subsequently, because of such strict memory requirements, OS X 10.0 was criticized (the standard amount of memory in the Macintosh was 64 MB of RAM).
Mac OS X 10.1 Puma (2001)
The second major launch of Mac OS X occurred just six months later - on September 25, 2001. Owners of OS X 10.0 could upgrade to OS X 10.1 absolutely free. Since then, the Cupertino mega-corporation has made Mac OS X the operating system installed by default on all new computers.
The main emphasis was not on new features, but on improving system performance. More convenient CD and DVD recording and support for DVD playback have appeared. The number of supported printers has increased (more than 200), OpenGL (3D graphics) began to work 20% faster, and AppleScript was introduced. The programs ColorSync 4.0 (color management) and Image Capture (working with images on digital cameras and scanners) appeared.
With all its advantages Mac OS X Puma was subjected to quite serious criticism. Basically, the operating system was criticized for insufficient performance, low reliability and functionality. The work done was not enough to use OS X 10.1 as the main operating system.
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar (2002)
New applications have been added such as iChat and Address Book. Made big step towards people with disabilities. The startup screen appeared: instead of a happy Mac, it began to be displayed.
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther (2003)
Managers Microsoft were somewhat puzzled since Apple decided to abandon Internet Explorer for Mac in favor of its own browser, on the other hand - OS X 10.3 added many improvements in the area of system interaction with Microsoft Windows(there was even support for the Active Directory directory service).
An important innovation was the introduction of Exposé technology, in which you can move interfering windows and remove them off the screen.
Between launches Tiger" And " Leopard"The longest period of time has passed. And this is understandable, because Apple was busy launching with the original mobile operating system.
Mac OS X Leopard has become a truly multitasking, multi-user operating system. Among the main innovations, it is worth noting support for 64-bit applications and the appearance of a utility for data backup. An important innovation is the ability to install third-party operating systems using the Boot Camp utility.
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (2009)
The main task for the developers was to improve performance and convenience when using the new OS. There was a complete abandonment of the PowerPC architecture (“Snow Leopard” only works on Intel processors). The system became fully 64-bit, as did most of its applications.
Price Snow Leopard for new users was $129 and $29 for Leopard users. If your computer was purchased with Leopard installed between June 8 and December 26, 2009, you could upgrade to OS X 10.6 for just $9.95.
The eighth operating system in the OS X line has received over 250 new functions. Well, the king of beasts sat on the throne. During the first day of sales, over 1 million copies were downloaded. The distribution was distributed via Mac App Store for $29.99. By the way, Lion became the first operating system not distributed on CD and DVD discs. There are multitasking gestures, Launchpad, the Resume function, Lion Recovery Disk Assistant (system recovery) and much more.
The iCloud cloud storage service was introduced for the first time.
Apple management decided to release Mountain Lion a year earlier than planned, thereby shortening the development cycle from two to one year (most likely, this step was prompted by the imminent launch of competing Windows 8). The desktop version has begun to adopt branded capabilities iOS: Notification Center, Notes, Reminders appeared, iChat was replaced. There has been closer integration with . In total, over 200 new functions were integrated. Mountain Lion became the last operating system from the cat family.
Beginning with OS X 10.9, Apple has switched to a new system for selecting titles for its desktop OS. From now on, names are taken from memorable places in California. Mavericks is a popular beach. An important step for Apple to compete was the opportunity free update on OS X 10.9 and later. Among the innovations, it is worth noting support for multiple monitors, tags, as well as integration of the Maps and iBooks applications.
Every year macOS gets better and better. This year we delivered a whole carload of small but very useful features. And each of them does the job even more efficiently. In some places the system has become just a little more convenient, and in some things it has made a huge leap forward. Let's go figure out what's new macOS Mojave.
Why Mojave?
The Mojave Desert is mostly located in the state of California. In addition, it spreads its sands over the territory of Utah, Nevada and Arizona. The desert got its name in honor of the Mojave tribe, which, by the way, lives on the reservation to this day.
But why the desert?
Everything is simple here. Starting with macOS 10.9, the company uses the iconic places of the state of California in the names of its operating systems. Here's a brief history.
- Mac OS X 10.9 or Mavericks. The OS is named after a beach in northern California. The place is highly prized by surfers for its house-sized waves.
- Mac OS X 10.10 or Yosemite is a national park in California with high cliffs.
- Mac OS X 0.11 or El Capitan is the tallest mountain in Yosemite Park. Altitude 2,307 meters, a favorite place (illegal) for climbers who do not use any protection except a bag of chalk.
- macOS 10.12 or Sierra is named after the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Starting with this revision, the traditional name of the desktop system “Mac OS X” was replaced by “macOS”, that is, in the spirit of iOS, tvOS and watchOS.
- macOS 10.13 or High Sierra is named after another park located there in California.
And now, very soon a new operating system will see the light of day - macOS 10.10 Mojave.
Glitches
Luckily, there’s not much to tell here, so let’s get the bad stuff out of the way and get to the sweet stuff.
For the most part, macOS Mojave is very stable right now in beta. However, there are still some nuances. I'm telling you.
After some operations, the previously opened Finder window may be inactive for the cursor. However, switching to Mission Control ( quick view all open windows on the desktop) brings the depressed window back to life.
After taking a screenshot of the selected area (Cmd + Shift + 4), barely noticeable traces of its frames remain on the desktop. In fact, complete nonsense, which is also noticeable only on desktops painted in solid colors.
That's all, actually. Let's start studying the new features of the system.
Dark theme
The familiar desktop greets us with dark colors for the first time and officially. Of course, everything looks very fresh and interesting.
But personally it didn’t work for me. I'll explain why.
White font on a dark gray or plain gray background (depending on open application or background) looks at least unusual. As planned, the new interface should help focus on the most important thing, the content.
However, with a rich white font that dazzles the eyes, at least in Safari, this somehow doesn’t fit very well.
In addition, not all even branded applications received the corresponding colors in a black design. Standard utilities like notes, TextEditor, and so on have become darker. But for some reason there is no Pages, although it is a proprietary application. In the general tone of darkness, he looks just like Katya from Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm.” Maybe you need to wait for an update?
Updated! This is true. Soon after the official release of Mojave, a dark update for Pages and other editors arrived.
Personally, I haven't decided yet whether I like it the new kind interface or not. But, in any case, this is something new. In addition, now we have a choice - return to the classic, light theme or stay on the dark side.
Dynamic desktop
The focus of the new OS is the Mojave Desert. Accordingly, it is now possible to install dynamic wallpaper on your desktop - a beautiful dune of that same desert and another gradient picture.
Not to say that this feature was a revelation, but it still has its own tsimes. It's great when, after working all night, you roll down the window and find soft, morning light on the sand. It looks simply amazing!
Stacks
Let's be honest, everyone has a lot of junk on their desktop of varying degrees of usefulness. There is neither the desire nor the time to understand all this disgrace. And for such lazy users (like me, for example), the Stacks function comes to the rescue.
We right-click on the desktop, click on “Collect into stacks” and a dozen or two files are instantly organized according to a predetermined property. Stacks can be formed by the date of creation of files, their modification, their extension, tags, and so on.
I clicked on the stack, it spread out onto the nearest desktop space. I clicked again and everything rolled back.
Comfortable. Gracefully. Cute.
Advanced View Mode
Quick Look on Mac is a very simple and incredibly convenient tool. I selected the file, pressed the spacebar, it immediately opened in the viewing window in full screen. Moreover, it works with almost all types of files, including RAW formats. Windows never dreamed of this.
In macOS Mojave, this tool has been fully upgraded. We meet even more convenient functions.
Quick Edit
This applies to all major file types, including pictures, music and video clips. It’s especially cool when you don’t have to look for something additional application to quickly trim an audio file and send the excerpt wherever needed.
But there is also a nuance. You won't be able to trim an MP3 file. But those bought in iTunes songs in M4A format - easily.
There are many more tools available for images: cropping, rotation, font, drawing. However, it is strange that quick editing does not work for its own files - HEIC. Let me remind you that this new type files designed to reduce memory footprint without losing the quality of iPhone photos.
According to the video, this is the situation. MOV, MP4 - files can be edited directly in the viewing window, without launching either iMovie or Final Cut Pro X. But MKV is still not recognized by the system at all.
By the way, quick editing works even for PDF files. You can put comments on them, make notes on top of the document, save and forward to contacts from your address book.
And in one viewing window you can work with several files at once.
Advanced screenshots
Comparing Windows and macOS, the superiority of the latter can be illustrated very simply. Let's take at least regular means both systems for screenshots.
On Windows there is the most inconvenient application “Scissors”. You first need to find it in the jungle of the menu, then launch it, then go to the screenshot capture area, then select the location to save, the name and file type - in general, complete darkness.
Well, clicking PrintScreen and then inserting a picture into Paint is actually some kind of crap from the late 90s.
In macOS everything is made a thousand times easier. The combination Cmd + Shift + 3 saves the entire screen to the Desktop. And Cmd + Shift + 4 is a separate piece. There is no need to search for anything, select anything, save anything - everything works quickly, elegantly, without headaches.
However, in macOS Mojave, screenshots were fully upgraded. Let's see what's new.
Keyboard shortcuts work as before. Only now a screenshot thumbnail appears in the lower right corner and waits for you to click on it for additional editing. How in . Cropping a screenshot, adding text, marking with a marker - all this can be done at once, without interrupting your current affairs and without special applications.
Mac owners with Touch Bar click on a special button on the Touch Bar, after which a special screenshot menu appears. Here you can take a screenshot of the entire desktop or a neat snapshot of a separate window, record a video of the screen and configure other parameters.
For those who do not have a Touch Bar, you only need to remember one keyboard shortcut - Cmd + Shift + 5. Very convenient and always at hand.
Continuity Camera
A small, but from time to time extremely useful feature.
Here's the situation.
In five seconds, a printed document can be turned into a PDF file on the desktop of your Mac. Without a scanner!
Right-click on the desktop, select “Import from iPhone”, then “Scan documents”.
We take an iPhone with the camera already open, take a photo of the document and save it. A moment later, our document appears on the desktop in PDF format. Fast, convenient, without unnecessary movements and third-party software.
The funny thing is that I didn’t connect the iPhone to the . Everything started up on its own, because inside each device there was my Apple ID. This is the magic of Apple.
The same scheme works with photographs. I took it on my iPhone, and the picture immediately ended up on my Mac desktop. Comfortable!
FaceTime for 32 people
This feature appeared in iOS 12 (wrote) and, of course, it was to be expected on desktop computers. By the way, you can talk in FaceTime from any device, even Apple Watch. Of course, there won’t be a picture of your face, but you can participate in the discussion with your voice.
Metadata
As it was before.
Get full information regarding any file, you can simply select it and press the combination Cmd + I. However, this is not very convenient, because the extended information was opened in a separate window - each file had its own. And then you had to close each one individually.
As it is now.
All information is available directly from the Finder when viewing files in Gallery mode. Right from here you can quickly edit multimedia files, turn them into PDF documents, and so on.
New applications
A voice recorder came with the release. It also appeared on Mac. In a new, stylish, comfortable design. Of course, all recordings are instantly synced between all devices via iCloud.
Dictaphone
In addition, you can now control your smart technology directly from your laptop. The Home app is also available on the desktop.
Stocks is another utility that has moved from iOS to the desktop system.
Updated app store
With the release of the Mojave Desert, the developers completely redesigned the application store for computers - Mac App Store.
Now programs are sorted into weekly collections, top charts, and also divided into categories: creativity, work, development or games. For example, the “sixth civilization” or the next release of Lara Croft are already available for purchase.
The most worthy copies of the store have reviews from detailed description, screenshots and small stories from the developers themselves. Moreover, all this is available in Russian now, at the beta stage.
Yes, there is still no such abundance of applications as in the same store on iOS. However, the current reimagining of the Mac App Store is a good thing in itself.
Safety
The new OS pays even more attention to security. Thus, no application will have access to the camera, microphone, or other important and personal components of the system until you give the application the appropriate permission.
As in Safari browser now provides sites with a simplified technical information about the system. For example, site owners will see that they were accessed through the Safari browser, but from which system is unknown. A useful option for purchasing the same air tickets through aggregator sites. The latter like to increase prices for macOS users. It is assumed that this audience is more solvent.
This information can be configured in the “Protection and Security” section, in the “Advertising” tab.
By the way, Safari has finally introduced the display of small website icons - favicons. To enable the display of icons in Safari, you need to go to the browser settings, go to “Tabs” and check the box next to “Display website icons in tabs.”
Don't forget about passwords. When you register an account anywhere on the Internet, Safari immediately generates complex password. After confirming it, it automatically goes into the iCloud Keychain and becomes available on all devices with an Apple ID. In addition, using the built-in tools of the system, you can track repeated passes and replace them with new ones.
Big one more thing
New to the desktop, the Stocks, Voice Recorder, and Home apps have been ported directly from iOS using unique UIKit. In 2019, this technology should become available to a wide range of developers.
A very cool idea, which, I sincerely hope, will explode the built-in Mac App Store with thousands of new and familiar applications on smartphones.
Are looking forward to…
Compatibility
The new OS is not available on all Macs. So, iMac and Mac mini older than those that were released in mid-2012 are now left behind the progress. Of course, the update can be installed on iMac Pro 2017 and MacBook starting from the 2015 generation. Mac Pro 2010 and newer are also in business.
The rest, including me and mine, will not be able to officially install the operating system - they will need direct hands and a special patch. However, computer owners Core processors 2 Duo is definitely in flight. Sorry.
In our age of rapidly developing technologies, as well as the computer industry, it is sometimes difficult to see behind the emerging new products that developers delight us with. The available variety of programs, operating systems, and utilities offered is such that it just happens that your eyes run wild. However, most often the user has one, basic question - which operating system should he choose? Let's try to answer this question by comparing Windows systems and Mac OS X.
Mac vs Windows
The main feature of the Windows system
Its wide distribution. This is due to the fact that this operating system was created for the users themselves; it does not force the user to adapt to the existing system; on the contrary, it adapts to the existing needs of the user. This is the most widespread operating system all over the world, despite the fact that, according to prevailing public opinion, it is the most “buggy”, “unstable”, unreliable”, etc. In addition, it is paid.
From a user's point of view, Windows works something like this:
- Core. Works with various devices, manages processes and memory, manages the existing graphics subsystem.
- The graphics subsystem itself. Provides interaction with users.
- Text subsystem. Provides text-based interaction with users.
- Implementation system remote access.
Advantages: Guaranteed 100% support for any type of equipment, for this operating system you can find a driver for any device, and it itself contains many pre-installed drivers for quick recognition of various equipment. There are a large number of professional applications, the full-featured analogues of which are not available in other operating systems, for example, Photoshop and Promt.
The interface is clear and simple, which makes it completely accessible for use by anyone, even those who do not have basic computer skills. And the applications of the package called Microsoft Office have already become standards for office workers. The user can at any time receive qualified support or advice on his licensed Windows operating system.
Flaws: This operating system is very demanding on the necessary hardware resources of a personal computer, especially on the required amount of RAM. The graphical interface used, although beautiful and convenient, is also cumbersome and clumsy. As a result, many users disable its many graphical bells and whistles.
This system is considered much more vulnerable than the others. This is due to the existing security structure itself, for example, the ability to work constantly with administrator rights (which was partially solved in the version of the operating system called Vista). At the same time, the system must run many thousands of old computer applications that were written for XP and other versions of Windows.
To run any such “old” program, the user must be given permission. In addition, the existing dialog box itself with a request to launch a particular program provides the user with too little information to accept necessary solution. Another important inconvenience is: even to remove a shortcut on the desktop, you need to confirm your intentions three times. This can be annoying and lead to the fact that the “Allow” and other keys are simply pressed thoughtlessly - the effectiveness of the entire intended protection mechanism is reduced to almost nothing.
As a result of this, you often have to deal with a large number of viruses that use the vulnerabilities of this operating system to penetrate, including possible user errors that it itself provokes. The operating system is paid, its cost exceeds the cost of purchasing or downloading a freely distributed operating system.
Operating system Mac OS X
As is widely known, Linux and Mac OS X share UNIX roots. However, there are also very important differences between them, unlike open system UNIX, Mac OS X acts as proprietary software, that is, there is a ban on free distribution, making various changes, and so on. The very first Mac OS appeared in 1984, which is much earlier than the emergence of Windows. The Mac OS X system itself is a significantly redesigned BSD-UNIX system with its own kernel (XNU).
Benefits of Mac OS. An advantageous aspect of the Mac OS system is the almost complete absence of computer viruses for the Macintosh system. And the point is not only that the Mac OS X system is not too widespread compared to the Windows system, but also that all traditional computer viruses simply do not work in a UNIX environment. In theory, of course, there are samples of viruses that can work with some computer applications for Mac OS, however, their number in comparison with malicious software written for Windows is simply insignificant.
Viruses can cause harm only in cases where the user launches them by double-clicking the mouse. Programs that infect mail when reading letters or opening an Internet page are still unknown. Availability of simple safety confirmations. To make necessary changes to the Mac OS system, for example, to update the installed operating system or install a new program, the user usually only needs to enter a password.
The Windows system is more demanding in such cases
she suggests taking several different affirmative actions. Even exercise remote hacking a computer that runs Mac OS is much more difficult than hacking a machine that runs Windows, and various antivirus programs may only be necessary to avoid inadvertently sending an infected file to a computer running Windows; it cannot cause any harm to you.
Ergonomic design of all applications, beauty of execution of both the operating system itself and the existing one hardware. Extremely easy for everyday use. Unfortunately, this excellent example still has a reputation in our country as an elite product, and therefore is valued many times more expensive than, for example, Windows.
Very simple controls. Mac software is generally easier to work with than Windows software. One prominent example is a package called iLife, which is installed on any Macintosh computer. It makes it possible to easily manage music and photos, process videos, and burn the results to discs. Anyone who can master one of the programs for the Mac OS X system can easily cope with other software - applications for this operating system are much more similar to each other than programs for the Windows system.
From the point of view of users, Mac OS is structured something like this:
- Core. Provides work with various devices, manages processes and memory.
- Text subsystem, working with the system via a terminal.
- System for remote access when working in text mode.
- System for remote access when working in graphical mode.
- A system for transferring a graphical application window to another computer.
Disadvantages of the Mac OS system
The very first thing is that Mac OS can only be installed on Macintosh computers manufactured by Apple. These computers, unlike the personal computers that have become familiar to us, have a closed architecture, that is, these computers are assembled exclusively by Apple. This is good, on the one hand, since it ensures 100% integration of all computer hardware and software, plus the excellent quality of the components used and the assembly process.
However, there is also a flip side to the coin. Since there is only one manufacturer of Macs, there is no competition here in principle. Which is not very good from a consumer point of view. In addition, there is some problem with the driver installation process. Drivers for the Mac OS system are not released for all available devices, and the system itself does not recognize all, even very frequently used equipment.
Almost complete absence of games. They are developed primarily for game consoles and personal computers with Windows. While the selection of games available for Mac is limited, there are some real gems out there, like a flight simulator called X-Plane 9 or a music game called Guitar Hero 3.
Peculiarities
The main feature that immediately catches your eye is the graphical interface of the system. For example, if in Windows each running program corresponds, as a rule, to one window with tabs that open in it, as well as toolbars, then in the Mac OS system “floating” panels and windows are used that are not tied to a common window, but located on the desktop. Another distinctive feature of the Mac interface is the dock panel.
It is a panel located at the very bottom of the desktop, where icons for applications and files that you need to access are located. fast access, as well as all running computer applications. It is possible to edit the panel, change its size, add and remove application icons. The following are the available features of the software. The list of programs for the Mac OS system is not as impressive as for the Windows system, however, nevertheless, it is not too small, in any case, all the main necessary applications for entertainment and work are there, in addition, the very concept of the software creation process from Apple implies that only one program will be enough to solve one problem, the most important thing is that it works flawlessly.
Developers GUI Mac OS believes that this way it will be much more convenient for users who will not get confused in an endless variety of possible options, and the computer itself will not turn into a dump of very dubious programs that threaten the performance of the entire working system. The number of available applications for Mac has increased significantly in recent years, however, the selection is still not as large as, for example, for a Windows system.
However, for almost any necessary task you can choose the appropriate one. software. All you need is broadband Internet access, since it is very difficult to find and purchase software for Mac OS on disks (especially legal ones).
Results
So, we can summarize. If you need a very comfortable, functional, fast system for creativity and work and you don’t have money problems - your choice will be Mac. You can achieve excellent results with it.
Do you want to play something of high quality, and you need to do paperwork, but you don’t want to bother with various computer complications, and you don’t have too much money? Then – Windows, and only him. An excellent tool, not too complicated and convenient in moderation. There are some problems here and there, but overall it's a very decent tool.
Apple computers are strong competitors for all other platforms. But unlike a PC running the Windows operating system, these devices cost several times more. Because of this, few users can . However, anyone, with due desire and availability detailed instructions, to your personal computer and use the original OS from the Apple company. What awaits you next step by step guide about how to install Mac OS on a PC, what pitfalls may be encountered along the installation path and what additional software is needed for this.
Hackintosh or CustoMac
Just a few years ago, operating room users Windows systems and couldn't afford to install Mac OS. Today, every user can not only test, but also fully use the Apple OS on their device. Such PCs are usually called Hackintosh. You are installing software from Apple on a computer from another manufacturer. Many, of course, will be concerned about the legal aspect in this situation. Installing Mac OS on a computer – how legal is it? Apple Company constantly sues the creators of such custom computers, but does not take any serious measures against them.
Further in the article we will talk about the complete installation. That is, you will be able to use the treasured OS on a PC without using Windows. Also on our website you can find instructions for installing mac OS using virtual machine. Let's start preparing with the hardware requirements for Hackintosh, without which you will not be able to install Mac OS on a laptop or personal computer.
System requirements
The main rule when choosing a configuration: the more similar your system is to the configuration of the original MacBook or iMac, the fewer problems you will have during and after installation. This rule is absolutely true, since OS differences lie in the support of different interfaces and so on. Let's figure out which configuration is suitable to install mac os x on a PC:
- 2-core processor (minimum) from Intel;
- separate internal drive with AHCI support;
- minimum 2GB of RAM.
To eliminate various suspicions and fears that installing this operating system on a regular PC will lead to any hardware malfunctions and so on, it is worth saying that the procedure is quite harmless and simple. To install Mac OS Sierra on a Windows PC or laptop, you will need the following components:
- the personal computer itself, suitable for its characteristics;
- Mac OS operating system distribution;
- bootable flash drive;
- Unibeast program.
Since the description of a suitable personal computer is presented above, you need to proceed to the operating system distribution kit for installation on the PC.
Where can I get Mac OS?
You have two options to choose from for obtaining a distribution kit for installing the operating system:
- downloading a hacked installer with the required assembly;
- downloading the official installer via the App Store.
The first option will have to be used by those who want to install this OS on a PC with AMD processor. In this case, it is advisable to download the modified distribution (Snow Leopard) and install it.
Everyone else can use the original installer. However, you can't get it for free. You will need either Apple account ID with the purchased operating system, or the MacBook itself. You can borrow a laptop if you don't have your own. To install mac os x on windows pc, download the OS image using the following instructions:
- go to the App Store and log in using your Apple ID;
- go to the OS page and click the “Download” button;
- wait for the download to finish;
- the distribution package will be saved in the “Programs” folder.
Now you need to create bootable media from which you will install a clean OS. The simplest and most affordable option is a regular flash drive.
Creating a bootable USB flash drive
Before installing mac os x on your PC, let's create bootable media:
Option if you have a MacBook
- connect the flash drive to your MacBook. Its volume must be at least 16GB;
- open disk utility. To do this, go to the Programs folder and go to the Utilities section;
- then go to the Erase tab;
- To install mac os on windows 10, you will need to format the flash drive in OS X Extended format.
Now let's move on to working with the BootDisk utility, which we will need when working in Windows:
- We insert our flash drive into the computer and click Format Disk
- After formatting is completed, the flash drive will be divided into 2 sections
- Click Restore Partition
- Select a system image in .hfs format
- Click OK
- We are waiting for the bootable media to be created
The whole process will not take more than 10 minutes. After that, download the MultiBeast program to the flash drive, which will be useful later to install os x on a laptop or PC.
PC preparation
Now we need to produce BIOS settings. Set mode work hard AHCI disk, and the BIOS operating mode is Optimized Defaults. After this, restart your computer. 
How to install mac os sierra on windows pc: installation process
Connect the flash drive to your computer via USB port 2.0 and boot from it when you turn on the device. Clover Boot will appear on the screen. Select Boot Mac OS X from USB. Next, follow the steps described:
- Choose language future system;
- disable sending diagnostics to Apple. Remember that this method is unofficial,
- therefore, developers may not “appreciate” your initiative;
- Erase all information from your hard drive using Disk Utility. It is recommended to use separate media so as not to uninstall Windows (in case the installation fails);
- select the partition where you want to install the OS;
- wait until the process finishes and restart your computer.
How to install mac os x instead of Windows on a laptop or PC: post-installation
When you turn on your computer, go to the startup menu again and select the USB flash drive. Complete the system installation and install MultiBeast. In the program menu, click the Quick Start button. Next, select sound options and network card. To save your settings profile, click the Save button. Finally, click the Build and Install button. Now restart your computer.
Ready! You have received a working Mac OS on your PC.
How to make a Mac OS from Windows?
If you cannot install Mac OS on Windows 7, but want to change the appearance of your system, then use special program to change themes.
You can make Windows look like a Mac OS using themes. Themes are downloaded from various thematic sites. For example, wingad.ru or http://7themes.su. The mac theme for windows 7 makes Microsoft's OS as similar as possible to its competitor, without changing the very structure of the software. An excellent option for those who are only interested in appearance Apple products.
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